Dinosaurs in science magazine

Message to the editorial board of a Finnish science magazine

Dinosaurs and their dating - is it worth believing in millions of years?

The following is the message I sent to the editorial board of Tiede magazine (Finnish science magazine). The subject is millions of years and dinosaurs. Personally, I believed in them before, but today I don’t. I find much more sensible the view that God created life and the entire universe, and there are not millions of years of it. There are reasons for this view, e.g. in my next post.

Hey!

I happened to get my hands on the issue of Tiede magazine 12/2021. In this magazine, I noticed an article about the destruction of dinosaurs (“Dinosaurusten viimeinen päivä" / The Last Day of Dinosaurs”), which is believed to have occurred about 65 million years ago. Because I’ve been interested in the subject, I thought I’d take a stand on it.

First, the idea that dinosaurs became extinct 65 million years ago. How is this known? From nowhere. There are no signs in dinosaur fossis that they lived more than 65 million years ago. This can be deduced by anyone looking at a fossil of a dinosaur. However, there are numerous internal indicators in the fossils of dinosaurs that they by no means lived tens of millions of years ago. The reasons are as follows:

• Radiocarbon of which an official half-life is only 5,730 years has been found in dinosaurs. For example, a German team of researchers reported at a meeting of geophysicists in August 2012 on the results of carbon-14 measurements made from many fossilized bone samples from a dinosaur (http://newgeology.us/presentation48.html). The results show that the bone samples were 22,000-39,000 years old, refuting the idea of millions of years.

• DNA, with a half-life of only 521 years (The figure of 521 years was reported in Yle's news in 2012: yle.fi > Uutiset > Tiede, 13.10.2012, DNA:n säilyvyyden takaraja selvisi – haaveet dinosaurusten kloonaamisesta raukesivat), has been found in dinosaur fossils [Sarfati, J. DNA and bone cells found in dinosaur bone, J. Creation(1):10-12, 2013; creation.com/dino-dna, 11 december 2012]. DNA isn’t always found even in old human mummies or mammoths, so find them in dinosaur fossils doesn’t fit the idea of millions of years. On the other hand, if the fossils of mammoths and dinosaurs, for example, are in the same good condition - as they often are - how can it be justified that mammoths lived only ten thousand years ago but dinosaurs more than 65 million years ago? There is no scientific basis for this, but it is a belief based on a 19th century geological time chart.

• Similarly, blood cells have been found in dinosaurs [Morell, V., Dino DNA: The Hunt and the Hype, Science 261 (5118): 160-162, 1993], soft tissues, and proteins [Schweitzer, M. and 6 others, Biomolecular characterization and protein sequences of the Campanian hadrosaur B. canadensis, Science 324 (5927): 626-631, 2009] which should not last more than 100,000 years (Bada, J et al. 1999. Preservation of key biomolecules in the fossil record: current knowledge and future challenges. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 354, [1379]). These are metrics that millions of years do not fit. So it is pointless to talk about millions of years when the fossils themselves suggest the opposite. Scientists need to look more at these internal metrics than a 19th-century geological time chart that has been shown to be incorrect several times.

• One indication that dinosaurs have lived in the fairly recent past is the descriptions and narratives associated with dragons. (The name Dinosaur was not invented until 1841 by Richard Owen, a contemporary of Darwin, but the name of the dragon is much older.) The older these descriptions are, the more realistic they are. These descriptions – that may be based on old traditions – can be found in many different nations: they are mentioned in English, Irish, Danish, Norwegian, German, Greek, Roman, Egyptian, and Babylonian literature. The World Book Encyclopedia describes these stories:

The dragons in legends are, strangely enough, just like real animals that lived in the past. They resemble large reptiles (dinosaurs) that ruled the land long before man is supposed to have appeared. Dragons were generally regarded as bad and destructive. Each nation referred to them in their mythology. (The World Book Encyclopedia, vol. 5, 1973, s. 265)

Finnish geologist Pentti Eskola wrote decades ago about dragons’ resemblance to dinosaurs in his book Muuttuva maa:

The varying forms of lizard-like animals seem so funny to us because many of them resemble – in a distant and often caricature-like way – modern mammals living under similar conditions. However, most dinosaurs were so very different from the modern life forms that the nearest analogues can be found in the depictions of dragons in legends. Strangely enough, the authors of the legends had naturally not studied petrifactions or even knew of them.

A good example of how dinosaurs may have been dragons is the Chinese lunar calendar and zodiac, which is known to be centuries old. So when the Chinese zodiac is based on 12 animal signs that repeat in 12-year cycles, there are 12 animals involved. 11 of them are familiar even in modern times: rat, ox, tiger, hare, snake, horse, sheep, monkey, rooster, dog and pig. Instead, the 12th animal is a dragon, which does not exist today. A good question is that if the 11 animals have been real animals, why would the dragon be an exception and a mythical creature? Isn't it more reasonable to assume that it once lived at the same time as humans, but has become extinct like countless other animals? It is good to remember again that the term dinosaur was only invented in the 19th century by Richard Owen. Before that, the name dragon was used for centuries.

Here are some other observations worth mentioning:

• Marco Polo has told about the huge animals he saw in India, which were considered gods. What were these animals? If they were elephants, he would surely have known that.

Interestingly, in an 800-year-old temple in the Cambodian jungle, a carving has been found that looks like a stegosaurus. It is a type of dinosaur. (From Ta Prohm Temple. Maier, C., The Fantastic Creatures of Angkor, www.unexplainedearth.com/angkor.php, 9 February 2006.)

• In China, descriptions and stories about dragons are very common; thousands of them are known. They tell how dragons lay eggs, how some of them had wings and how scales covered them. A Chinese story tells of a man named Yu who encountered dragons while he was draining a swamp. This happened after the great global flood.

In China, dinosaur bones have been used for centuries as traditional medicines and poultices for burns. The Chinese name for dinosaurs (kong long) simply means "dragon bones" (Don Lessem, Dinosaurs rediscovered p. 128-129. Touchstone 1992.). The Chinese are also said to have used dragons as pets and in imperial parades (Molen G, Forntidens vidunder, Genesis 4, 1990, pp. 23-26.)

• The Egyptians have depicted the Apophis dragon as an enemy of the King Re. Similarly, descriptions of dragons circulate in Babylonian literature. The well-known Gilgamesh is said to have killed a dragon, a huge reptile-like creature, in a cedar forest. (Encyclopedia Britannica, 1962, Vol. 10, p. 359)

• The Greek Apollo is said to have killed the Python dragon at the Delfin fountain. The most notable of the ancient Greek and Roman dragon slayers was a person named Perseus.

• Narrative recorded in poetic form from 500-600 AD. tells the story of a brave man named Beowulf, who was tasked with clearing the straits of Denmark from both flying and aquatic monsters. His heroic act was killing of the Grendel monster. This animal was said to have had large hind limbs and small forelimbs, was able to withstand sword blows, and was somewhat larger than a human. It moved vertically very quickly.

• Roman author Lucanus has also talked about dragons. He directed his words to an Ethiopian dragon: “You gold shimmering dragon, you make the air soar high and you kill great bulls.

• Descriptions of flying snakes in Arabia by Greek Herodotos (ca. 484–425 B.C.) have been preserved. He quite aptly describes some pterosaurs. (Rein, E., The III-VI Book of Herodotos , p. 58 and Book VII-IX , p. 239, WSOY, 1910)

• Pliny mentioned (Natural History) in the first century BC how the dragon is "in constant war with the elephant, and it is itself so enormous in size that it wraps the elephant in its folds and wraps it inside its cocoon."

• An old encyclopedia History Animalium mentions that there still were "dragons" in the 1500s, but that they had diminished considerably in size and were rare.

• An English chronicle from 1405 refers to a dragon: "Near the town of Bures, in the vicinity of Sudbury, there has lately been seen a dragon that has done great damage to the countryside. It is of enormous size, with a crest on the top of its head, its teeth are like saw-blades, and its tail is exceedingly long. After slaughtering the shepherd of the flock, he devoured many sheep in his mouth." (Cooper, B., After the Flood-The early post-Flood histort of Europe traced back to Noah, New Wine Press, West Sussex, UK, pp. 130-161)

• In the 16th century, the Italian scientist Ulysses Aldrovanus has accurately described a small dragon in one of his publications. Edward Topsell wrote as late as 1608: “There are many kinds of dragons. The different types are separated based partly on their country, partly on the basis of their size, partly on the basis of their distinguishing marks."

• Dragon insignia were common among many military forces. It was used by e.g. Eastern Roman emperors and English kings (Uther Pendragon, King Arthur's father, Richard I during the 1191 war and Henry III during his war against the Welsh in 1245) as well as in China, the dragon was a national symbol in the coat of arms of the royal family.

• Scary lizards and dragons are part of the folklore of many nations. In addition to China, this has been common among South American nations. In addition, dragons appear in old art (www.dinoglyphs.fi). Images of dragons have been recorded, for example, on war shields (Sutton Hoo) and wall ornaments of churches (e.g. SS Mary and Hardulph, England). At the Ishtar Gate in the ancient city of Babylon, in addition to bulls and lions, dragons are depicted. In early Mesopotamian cylinder seals, dragons necking each other appear, with tails almost as long as necks (Moortgat, A., The art of ancient Mesopotamia, Phaidon Press, London 1969, pp. 1,9,10 and Plate A.). Vance Nelson's book "Dire Dragons" tells more examples. What is remarkable about this book is that it features old artwork about dragons/dinosaurs, as well as drawings drawn up by modern evolutionists themselves based on dinosaur bones. Readers themselves can compare the similarity of old works of art, as well as drawings drawn up on the basis of bones. Their similarity is quite obvious.

• Johannes Damascene, the last of the Greek Church Fathers, who was born in 676 A.D., describes dragons (The Works of St. John Damascene, Martis Publishing House, Moscow, 1997) in the following way:

Roman Dio Cassius (155–236 A.D.), who wrote the history of the Roman Empire and Republic, depicts the fights of Roman consul Regulus in Carthage. A dragon was slain in the battle. It was skinned and the skin was sent to the Senate. By order of the Senate, the skin was measured and it was 120 feet in length (ca. 37 meters). The skin was kept in a temple on the hills of Rome up to the year 133 B.C., when it disappeared as the Celts occupied Rome. (Plinius, Natural History. Book 8, Chapter 14. Plinius himself says to have seen the trophy in question in Rome).

In the Bible, the Behemoths and Leviathan mentioned in the book of Job seem to refer to dinosaurs. It says of the behemoth that his tail is like a cedar tree, that the sinews of his thighs are tightly knit and bones are like bars of iron. These descriptions fit well with certain dinosaurs, such as sauropods, which could grow to over 20 meters in length. Likewise, Behemoth's location in the covert of the reed, and fens fits dinosaurs, because several of them lived near beaches.

As for the cedar-like tail that Behemoth moves, it is interesting that no large animal is known today to have such a tail. The tail of the herbivorous dinosaur could have been 10-15 meters long and weighed 1-2 tons, and similar animals are not known in modern times. Some Bible translations translate Behemoth as a hippopotamus (and Leviathan as a crocodile), but the description of a cedar-like tail does not fit a hippopotamus in any way.

One interesting comment on the subject can be found from the respected late fossil scientist Stephen Jay Gould, who was a Marxist atheist. He stated that when the book of Job speaks of Behemoth, the only animal that fits this description is a dinosaur (Pandans Tumme, p. 221, Ordfrontsförlag, 1987). As an evolutionist, he believed that the author of the book of Job must have obtained his knowledge from fossils found. However, this one of the oldest books in the Bible clearly refers to a living animal (Job 40:15: Behold now behemoth, which I made with you…).

- (Job 40:15-23) Behold now behemoth, which I made with you; he eats grass as an ox.

16 See now, his strength is in his loins, and his force is in the navel of his belly.

17 He moves his tail like a cedar: The sinews of his thighs are tightly knit.

18 His bones are as strong pieces of brass; his bones are like bars of iron.

19 He is the chief of the ways of God: he that made him can make his sword to approach to him.

20 Surely the mountains bring him forth food, where all the beasts of the field play.

21 He lies under the shady trees, in the covert of the reed, and fens.

22 The shady trees cover him with their shadow; the willows of the brook compass him about.

23 Behold, he drinks up a river, and hastens not: he trusts that he can draw up Jordan into his mouth.

Leviathan is another interesting creature mentioned in the Book of Job. This creature is said to be the king of animals and it is described how a flame goes out of his mouth. (The so-called bomber beetle that can spew hot – 100 degrees Celsius – gas directly on an attacker, is also known in the animal kingdom). It is possible that many stories about dragons that can blow fire from their mouths stem from this.

Some Bible translations have translated Leviathan as a crocodile, but who has seen a crocodile that makes you crumble at the sight of it, and who can esteem iron as straw, and brass as rotten wood, and who is the king of all majestic animals? In all likelihood, it is also an extinct animal that no longer exists, but was known during the time of Job. The Book of Job says the following:

- (Job 41:1,2,9,13-34) Can you draw out leviathan with an hook? or his tongue with a cord which you let down?

2 Can you put an hook into his nose? or bore his jaw through with a thorn?

9 Behold, the hope of him is in vain: shall not one be cast down even at the sight of him?

13 Who can discover the face of his garment? or who can come to him with his double bridle?

14 Who can open the doors of his face? his teeth are terrible round about.

15 His scales are his pride, shut up together as with a close seal.

16 One is so near to another, that no air can come between them.

17 They are joined one to another, they stick together, that they cannot be sundered.

18 By his neesings a light does shine, and his eyes are like the eyelids of the morning.

19 Out of his mouth go burning lamps, and sparks of fire leap out.

20 Out of his nostrils goes smoke, as out of a seething pot or caldron.

21 His breath kindles coals, and a flame goes out of his mouth.

22 In his neck remains strength, and sorrow is turned into joy before him.

23 The flakes of his flesh are joined together: they are firm in themselves; they cannot be moved.

24 His heart is as firm as a stone; yes, as hard as a piece of the nether millstone.

25 When he raises up himself, the mighty are afraid: by reason of breakings they purify themselves.

26 The sword of him that lays at him cannot hold: the spear, the dart, nor the habergeon.

27 He esteems iron as straw, and brass as rotten wood.

28 The arrow cannot make him flee: sling stones are turned with him into stubble.

29 Darts are counted as stubble: he laughs at the shaking of a spear.

30 Sharp stones are under him: he spreads sharp pointed things on the mire.

31 He makes the deep to boil like a pot: he makes the sea like a pot of ointment.

32 He makes a path to shine after him; one would think the deep to be hoary.

33 On earth there is not his like, who is made without fear.

34 He beholds all high things: he is a king over all the children of pride.

What about Bible descriptions of dragons? The Bible is filled with metaphors depicting doves, grievous wolves, cunning snakes, sheep, and goats, which are all animals that be found in the nature today. Why would a dragon, which is mentioned several times in the Old and New Testaments, and in old literature, be an exception? When the Genesis (1:21) tells how God created large sea animals, sea monsters (the revised version) (Gen 1:21 And God created great whales, and every living creature that moves, which the waters brought forth abundantly, after their kind, and every winged fowl after his kind: and God saw that it was good.), the original language uses the same word “tannin”, which equates to dragon elsewhere in the Bible. The following verses, for instance, refer to dragons:

- (Job 30:29) I am a brother to dragons, and a companion to owls.

- (Ps 44:19) Though you have sore broken us in the place of dragons, and covered us with the shadow of death.

- (Isa 35:7) And the parched ground shall become a pool, and the thirsty land springs of water: in the habitation of dragons, where each lay, shall be grass with reeds and rushes.

- (Isa 43:20) The beast of the field shall honor me, the dragons and the owls: because I give waters in the wilderness, and rivers in the desert, to give drink to my people, my chosen.

- (Jer 14:6) And the wild asses did stand in the high places, they snuffed up the wind like dragons; their eyes did fail, because there was no grass.

- (Jer 49:33) And Hazor shall be a dwelling for dragons, and a desolation for ever: there shall no man abide there, nor any son of man dwell in it.

- (Micah 1:8) Therefore I will wail and howl, I will go stripped and naked: I will make a wailing like the dragons, and mourning as the owls.

- (Mal 1:3) And I hated Esau, and laid his mountains and his heritage waste for the dragons of the wilderness.

- (Ps 104:26) There go the ships: there is that leviathan, whom you have made to play therein.

- (Job 7:12) Am I a sea, or a whale, that you set a watch over me? (the revised version: sea monster, in Hebrew tannin, which means dragon)

- (Job 26:12,13) He divides the sea with his power, and by his understanding he smites through the proud.

13 By his spirit he has garnished the heavens; his hand has formed the crooked serpent.

- (Ps 74:13,14) You did divide the sea by your strength: you brake the heads of the dragons in the waters.

14 You brake the heads of leviathan in pieces, and gave him to be meat to the people inhabiting the wilderness.

- (Ps 91:13) You shall tread on the lion and adder: the young lion and the dragon shall you trample under feet.

- (Isa 30:6) The burden of the beasts of the south: into the land of trouble and anguish, from where come the young and old lion, the viper and fiery flying serpent, they will carry their riches on the shoulders of young asses, and their treasures on the bunches of camels, to a people that shall not profit them.

- (De 32:32,33) For their vine is of the vine of Sodom, and of the fields of Gomorrah: their grapes are grapes of gall, their clusters are bitter:

33 Their wine is the poison of dragons, and the cruel venom of asps.

- (Neh 2:13) And I went out by night by the gate of the valley, even before the dragon well, and to the dung port, and viewed the walls of Jerusalem, which were broken down, and the gates thereof were consumed with fire.

- (Isaiah 51:9) Awake, awake, put on strength, O arm of the LORD; awake, as in the ancient days, in the generations of old. Are you not it that has cut Rahab, and wounded the dragon?

- (Isaiah 27:1) In that day the LORD with his sore and great and strong sword shall punish leviathan the piercing serpent, even leviathan that crooked serpent; and he shall slay the dragon that is in the sea.

- (Jer 51:34) Nebuchadrezzar the king of Babylon has devoured me, he has crushed me, he has made me an empty vessel, he has swallowed me up like a dragon, he has filled his belly with my delicates, he has cast me out.

The Apocrypha of the Old Testament and dragons. What about the Apocrypha of the Old Testament? They, too, contain several mentions of the dragon, which were seen as real animals, rather than fictional creatures. The author of the Book of Sirach writes how he would rather live with a lion and a dragon, than with his evil wife. Additions to the Book of Esther tell about the dream of Mordecai (Mordecai of the Bible), when he saw two large dragons. Daniel was also faced with a giant dragon, which was worshiped by the Babylonians. This shows how these animals may have grown to very large proportions.

- (Sirach 25:16) I had rather dwell with a lion and a dragon, than to keep house with a wicked woman.

- (Wisdom of Salomon 16:10) But thy sons not the very teeth of venomous dragons overcame: for thy mercy was ever by them, and healed them.

- (Sirach 43:25) For therein be strange and wondrous works, variety of all kinds of beasts and whales created.

- (Additions to Esther 1:1,4,5,6) Mordecai, a Jew who belonged to the tribe of Benjamin, was taken into exile, along with King Jehoiachin of Judah, when King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylonia captured Jerusalem. Mordecai was the son of Jair, a descendant of Kish and Shimei.

4 He dreamed that there was great noise and confusion, loud thunder, and an earthquake, with terrible turmoil on the earth.

5 Then two huge dragons appeared, ready to fight each other.

6 They made a dreadful noise, and all the nations got ready to make war against God's nation of righteous people.

- (Additions to Daniel, Bel and the Dragon 1:23-30) And in that same place there was a great dragon, which they of Babylon worshipped.

24 And the king said unto Daniel, Wilt thou also say that this is of brass? lo, he liveth, he eateth and drinketh; thou canst not say that he is no living god: therefore worship him.

25 Then said Daniel unto the king, I will worship the Lord my God: for he is the living God.

26 But give me leave, O king, and I shall slay this dragon without sword or staff. The king said, I give thee leave.

27 Then Daniel took pitch, and fat, and hair, and did seethe them together, and made lumps thereof: this he put in the dragon's mouth, and so the dragon burst in sunder: and Daniel said, Lo, these are the gods ye worship.

28 When they of Babylon heard that, they took great indignation, and conspired against the king, saying, The king is become a Jew, and he hath destroyed Bel, he hath slain the dragon, and put the priests to death.

29 So they came to the king, and said, Deliver us Daniel, or else we will destroy thee and thine house.

30 Now when the king saw that they pressed him sore, being constrained, he delivered Daniel unto them:

What about the destruction of dinosaurs? An article in Tiede-magazine (Finnish Science-magazine) referred to their destruction. Personally, I understand that most of these creatures were destroyed in a catastrophe (although some of them survived because they are mentioned in human tradition), but this catastrophe was the Flood described in the Bible. It has been estimated that there are almost five hundred of these stories told by cultures around the world. Many of these stories have (naturally) changed with time, but they all have in common the mention of water as the cause of devastation. Many of these stories also mention previous good times, The Fall of man and the confusion of the languages which took place in Babel (Babylon) – all events the Bible also mentions.

These stories can be found among different tribes, such as Babylonians, natives Australians, Miao tribe in China, African Efe dwarfs, Hopi Indians in America and the Padago tribe in North America. The story of the Flood is so widely told around the world that it seems likely that the Flood really happened.

Around 500 cultures – including indigenous peoples of Greece, China, Peru and North America – are known in the world where the legends and myths describe a compelling story of a large flood that changed the history of the tribe. In many stories, only a few people survived the flood, just like in the case of Noah. Many of the peoples considered the flood to have been caused by gods who, for one reason or another, got bored with the human kind. Perhaps the people were corrupt, like in Noah’s times and in a legend by the Native American Hopi tribe of North America, or perhaps there were too many and too noisy people, like in the Gilgamesh epic. (Kalle Taipale: Levoton maapallo, p. 78)

If the world-wide Flood was not real, some nations would have explained that frightening volcanic eruptions, large snow storms, droughts (...) have destroyed their evil ancestors. The universality of the story of the Flood is therefore one of the best pieces of evidence of its truthfulness. We could dismiss any of these tales as individual legends and think it was only imagination, but together, from a global perspective, they are almost indisputable. (The Earth)

How, then, can one conclude that dinosaurs died in a catastrophe like the Flood? The reason is obvious. No other theories can explain how dinosaur fossils can be found inside both rocks and mountains today. (It may take a couple of years to remove them from the rock). They are found all over the world inside hard rocks, which is remarkable. It’s remarkable because no big animal - maybe 20 metres long - can go inside a hard rock in any way. Time does not help, because if millions of years were waited for to be buried and fossilized in the ground, it would rot properly before it or it would be eaten by other animals. In fact, every time we meet dinosaurs and other fossils, they must have quickly buried under the mud. Fossils cannot be created in any other way:

It is evident that if the formation of deposits were to take place at such a slow pace, no fossils might preserve, since they would not be buried in sediments before decomposition by the acids of the water, or before they would be destroyed and shattered into pieces as they rubbed and struck the bottom of the shallow seas. They can only become covered in sediments in an accident, where they are suddenly buried. (Geochronology or the Age of the Earth on grounds of Sediments and Life, Bulletin of the National Research Council No. 80, Washington D. C., 1931, p. 14)

Our conclusion must be that these dinosaurs that have been found around the world must have been buried very quickly under mud and slime deposits. The soft slime first covered them and then become hard like cement. This is the only way we can explain the fossils of dinosaurs, mammoths, and other animals. This could have happened in the Flood.

Perhaps the next description gives a correct view of this. It shows how dinosaurs can be found inside hard rock, which indicates that they must have first been covered by soft slime that then hardened around them. We could expect something like this only in the Flood – not in normal cycle of nature. (The example also refers to how the whirls of water may have accumulated the bones of dinosaurs.) Some points have been marked in bold to make things clearer:

He went to the deserts of South Dakota, where there are brightly colored red, yellow and orange rock walls and boulders. Within a few days he found some bones in the rock wall, which he estimated to be the kind he had set out to find. When he dug rock around the bones, he found that the bones were in the order of the structure of the animal. They weren't in a heap like dinosaur bones often are. Many such heaps were as if made by a powerful whirl of water.

Now these bones were in the blue sandstone, which is very hard. The sandstone had to be removed with a grader and removed by blasting. Brown and his sidekicks made a pit almost seven and a half meters deep to get the bones out. Removing one large skeleton took them two summers. They by no means removed the bones from the stone. They transported the boulders by rail to the museum, where the scientists were able to chip the stone material away and set up the skeleton. This tyrant lizard now stands in the exhibition hall of the museum. (p. 72, Dinosaurs / Ruth Wheeler and Harold G. Coffin)

The fact is, then, that the remains of dinosaurs are found inside hard rocks from which they are difficult to remove. The only way they have gotten into this state is that the soft mud has quickly come around them and then hardened into a rock. In an event like the Flood, this may have happened.

What about other evidence of the Flood? Here are just a few of them. What is explained in the geological table by millions of years or perhaps by many catastrophes can all be caused by one and the same catastrophe: the Flood. It can explain the destruction of dinosaurs like many other features observed in the soil.

One strong proof of the Flood is e.g. the fact that marine sediments are common all over the world, as the following quotations show. The first of the comments is from a book by James Hutton mentioned as the father of geology more than 200 years ago:

We have to conclude that all the layers of earth (...) were formed by sand and gravel that piled up on the seabed, crustacean shells and coral matter, soil and clay. (J. Hutton, The Theory of the Earth l, 26. 1785)

J.S. Shelton: On the continents, marine sedimentary rocks are far more common and widespread than all other sedimentary rocks combined. This is one of those simple facts that demands explanation, being at the heart of everything related to man's continuing efforts to understand the changing geography of the geological past. (J.S. Shelton: Geology illustrated)

Another indication of the Flood is the carbon deposits around the world, which are known to be stratified from water. In addition, the presence of marine fossils and fish indicates that deposits cannot be the result of slow peatization in some designated bog. Instead, a better explanation is that the water transported the plants to the places where coal has formed. The force of water has ripped plants and trees by their roots, gathered them into large piles and also mixed marine animals’ remains with terrestrial plants. Such a thing is only possible in the event of a major catastrophe, such as in the Flood.

When the forests were buried in the sludge for some reason, coal deposits were create. Our current machine culture is partially based on these strata. (Mattila Rauno, Teuvo Nyberg & Olavi Vestelin, Koulun biologia 9, p. 91)

Under and above the mineral coal seams there are, as has been said, regular layers of clay stone, and from their structure we can see that they have been stratified from water. (Pentti Eskola: Muuttuva maa, p. 114)

The evidence overwhelmingly suggests that mineral coal was generated quickly when large forests were destroyed, layered and then quickly buried. There are huge lignite strata in Yallourn, Victoria (Australia) that contain plenty of pine tree trunks – trees that do not currently grow on marsh land.

The sorted, thick strata that contain up to 50% of pure pollen and that are spread over a huge area clearly prove that the lignite strata were formed by water. (Carl Wieland: Kiviä ja luita / Stones and Bones), p. 11)

It is taught in schools that carbon is gradually created from peat, although nowhere can it be observed that this is happening. Considering the extent of the coalfields, the different plant types, and the upright multi-layered trunks, it appears that the coal deposits were formed by huge drifting rafts of vegetation, during a very large flood. Corridors carved by marine organisms are also found in these carbonized plant fossils. Fossils of marine animals have also been found in coal deposits ("A note on the Occurrence of Marine Animal Remains in a Lancashire Coal Ball", Geological Magazine, 118:307,1981)... Considerable sea animal shell deposits and fossils of Spirorbis, which lived in the sea, can also be found in coal deposits. (Weir, J., ”Recent Studies of Shells of the Carbon Measures”, Science Progress, 38:445, 1950). (Pekka Reinikainen: Unohdettu Genesis, p. 179, 224)

Prof. Price presents cases where 50- to100 mineral coal layers are one top of each other and between them there are layers including fossils from deep sea. He deems this piece of evidence so strong and convincing that he has never tried to explain these facts on grounds of Lyell’s uniformity theory. (Wiljam Aittala: Kaikkeuden sanoma, p. 198)

A third indication of the Flood is the presence of marine fossils in high mountain ranges such as the Himalayas, Alps and Andes. Here are some examples from scientists' and geologists' own books:

While travelling on the Beagle Darwin himself found fossilized seashells from high up on the Andean Mountains. It shows that, what is now a mountain was once under water. (Jerry A. Coyne: Miksi evoluutio on totta [Why evolution is true], p. 127)

There is a reason to look closely at the original nature of the rocks in mountain ranges. It is best seen in the Alps, in the lime Alps of the northern, so-called Helvetian zone. Limestone is the main rock material. When we look at the rock here on the steep slopes or at the top of a mountain - if we had the energy to climb up there - we will eventually find fossilized animal remains, animal fossils, in it. They are often badly damaged but it is possible to find recognizable pieces. All those fossils are lime shells or skeletons of sea creatures. Among them there are spiral-threaded ammonites, and especially a lot of double-shelled clams. (…) The reader might wonder at this point what it means that mountain ranges hold so many sediments, which can also be found stratified in the bottom of the sea. (p. 236,237 "Muuttuva maa", Pentti Eskola)

Harutaka Sakai from the Japanese University in Kyushu has for many years researched these marine fossils in the Himalayan Mountains. He and his group have listed a whole aquarium from the Mesozoic period. Fragile sea lilies, relatives to the current sea urchins and starfishes, are found in rock walls more than three kilometers above sea level. Ammonites, belemnites, corals and plankton are found as fossils in the rocks of the mountains (…)

At an altitude of two kilometers, geologists found a trace left by the sea itself. Its wave-like rock surface corresponds to the forms that remain in the sand from low-water waves. Even from the top of Everest, yellow strips of limestone are found, which arose under water from the remains of countless marine animals. ("Maapallo ihmeiden planeetta", p. 55)

So that's evidence of the Flood, and why it's reasonable to believe that dinosaurs were involved in the same mass destruction. I think the evidence is very clear. It is pointless to talk about millions of years when a catastrophe like the Flood explains most of the events interpreted as millions of years. It didn't have to take millions of years for the layers to form, but most of them may have been created in connection with the Flood. Even in modern times, deposits have been found to form quickly in disasters. For example, in connection with the eruption of the St. Helens volcano in 1980, a series of overlapping layers with a thickness of over hundred meters was formed, and in just a few weeks. It didn't take millions of years, but in just a few days layers of different quality piled up on top of each other. In the same disaster, canyons were also created, where water soon began to flow.

I will also comment on another article in Tiede magazine in issue 12/2021. In the article "The settlement history of America got earlier" it was told how it was concluded that the footprints of people were 21,000 to 23,000 years old. The result was reached when seeds that were in the same soil layers were measured by radiocarbon dating.

But but. I have no doubt about these measurements. They are certainly done correctly and scientifically. However, the problem is that similar concentrations of radiocarbon are found in samples thought to be ancient. I mentioned above how a group of German researchers found radioactive carbon in dinosaurs that showed numbers ranging from 22,000 to 39,000 years, which is very close to the figures - made on the basis of seeds - mentioned in an article of Tiede-magazine.

Radiocarbon is also found in coal deposits that have been considered 300 million years old. In fact, it has not been found any coal deposits without radiocarbon (Lowe, D.C., Problems associated with the use of coal as a source of 14C free background material, Radiocarbon 31 (2): 117-120, 1989). This should not be possible if the strata are one hundred thousand years older, because by that time all the radiocarbon should have disappeared.

What can be deduced from the above? It is pointless to talk about life on earth for millions of years when practical evidence refers only to thousands of years. There is good reason to believe that millions of years are fairy tales and deviations from real science.

If you’re interested, I’ve also written about these topics on my website (found in a Google search under my name). I have also written a book, “Raamattu ja historia" (in english "The Bible and History") in which I point out how the Bible describes true history, but atheistic birth theories are imaginative. I used to be an atheist and an evolutionary believer, but I rejected these views because I no longer believe in them. I find my own former way of thinking completely absurd. I thought I was sensible, but I wasn’t very familiar with the evidence to the contrary.

Wishing you all the best

Regards Jari Iivanainen