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This is a machine translation made by Google Translate and has not been checked. There may be errors in the text. On the right, there are more links to translations made by Google Translate. In addition, you can read other articles in your own language when you go to my English website (Jari's writings), select an article there and transfer its web address to Google Translate (https://translate.google.com/?sl=en&tl=fi&op=websites).
Engtik lai khan nge dinosaur te hi an dam?
Tun hnaiah dinosaur-te an awm chhan, mihringte nena an awm dun chhan hi zir rawh. Kum maktaduai tam tak chu finfiahna a\angin zawhna siam a awlsam hle
Mipui rin dan chuan dinosaur te hian kum maktaduai 100 chuang zet khawvel hi an lo awp tawh a, kum maktaduai 65 kalta khan an boral ta a ni. He thu hi evolution literature leh programme hmangin an sawi uar fo a, chuvangin kum maktaduai tam tak kalta a leia dinosaur awm tih ngaihdan hi mi tam zawk rilruah nasa takin a inziak lut a ni. Heng lian tak takte hi a awm thei anga ngaih a ni lo (Size is relative. Tunlai blue whale te hi dinosaur lian ber berte aiin a let hnih velin an rit zawk)rannungte chu tun hnai lawk leh mihringte nen hun khata an khawsa tawh a ni. Evolution theory ang chuan dinosaur te hi Jurassic leh Cretaceous hunlai khan an lo awm tawh niin an ngai a, Cambrian hunlai rannung te pawh a hma lam daih tawh niin an ngai a, rannung te hi khawvelah hian an lo lang hnuhnun ber a ni. He planet-a hun hrang hranga heng pawl lo langte evolutionary concept hi mi rilruah a nghet em em a, he concept dodaltu thil dik tak tam tak hmuh theih ni mah se, science aiawhtu leh dik tak niin an ngai a ni. A dawtah chuan he thupui hi chipchiar zawkin kan chhui dawn a ni. Evidence tam tak chuan leia dinosaur lo lang a la rei vak lo tih a tarlang. Heng evidence te hi kan en leh ang.
Dinosaur fossil te chu enfiah mek a ni . Leiah hian dinosaur an lo awm tawh tih finfiahna chu an fossil a ni. Anmahni atanga chhut chuan dinosaur te hi an lian leh te, an pianzia te leh rannung tak tak an nih thu te chu a tlangpuiin hriat theih a ni. An chanchin (histority) rinhlelhna tur a awm lo. Mahse, dinosaur-te hun hman dan erawh chu thil danglam tak a ni. Kum zabi 19-naa geological time chart siamah chuan kum maktaduai 65 kalta khan dinosaur-te chu an boral tawh a, mahse, chutiang thutlukna chu a tak takah chuan a awm thei lo. Fossil-ah hian an kum leh engtikah nge an boral tih label an nei lo. Chu ai chuan, fossil-te dinhmun ṭha tak hian kum maktaduai tam tak ni lovin, kum sâng tam tak thil a nih thu a târ lang a ni. A hnuaia mite avang hian a ni:
Ruh hi a petrified ngai lo . Dinosaur atang hian petrified fossil hmuhchhuah a ni a, mahse ruh petrified lo pawh hmuh a ni bawk. Mi tam tak chuan dinosaur fossil zawng zawng hi lungpui (petrified) a ni a, chuvangin hmanlai thil a ni tih ngaihdan an nei a. Chu bâkah, petrification hian kum maktaduai tam tak a daih niin an ngai bawk. Mahse, petrification hi thil rang tak a ni thei. Laboratory dinhmunah chuan ni engemaw zat chhungin thing lung (petrified wood) siam theih a ni tawh. Mineral tamna tuikhuah lum takah te pawh a remchang a, kar hnih khat chhungin ruhte pawh a lung (petrify) thei bawk. Heng thil kalphungte hian kum maktaduai tam tak a mamawh lo. Chuvangin unpetrified dinosaur ruh hmuh a ni ta. Dinosaur fossil thenkhatah chuan an ruh hmasa tam zawk chu a la awm thei a, a rimchhia pawh a ro thei bawk. Evolution theory ringtu paleontologist pakhat chuan dinosaur fossil hmuhchhuahna hmun lian tak pakhat chungchangah "Hell Creek-a ruh zawng zawng hi a rimchhia vek" tiin a sawi. Kum maktaduai sawm tam tak hnuah engtin nge ruhte chu a rimchhiat theih ang? Science publication chuan C. Barreto leh a work group-te’n dinosaur naupang (Science, 262:2020-2023) ruh an zirchian dan a sawi a , chu chu lungpui (petrified) a ni lo. Kum maktaduai 72-84 vela upa ruhte hian tunlai ruhte nen hian calcium leh phosphorus awm zat inang an nei a ni. Thuchhuah hmasa ber chuan ruhte microscopic details ṭha taka vawn ṭhat chu a târ lang a ni. Canada rama hmar lam bial Alberta leh Alaska-ah pawh ruh lung (petrified bonnes) tlemte chauh hmuh a ni bawk. Journal of Paleontology (1987, Vol. 61, No 1, pp. 198-200) chuan chutiang thil hmuhchhuah pakhat chu a tarlang a:
Entîrna ngaihnawm zâwk chu Alaska chhim lam tuipui kamah hmuh a ni a, chutah chuan ruh sâng tam tak chu lungpui nei lovin a awm vek tawh mai. A ruhte chu bawng ruh hlui ang maiin a lang a, a lang bawk. Hmuchhuaktute hian kum sawmhnih chhung zet chu an thil hmuhchhuah hi an report lo a, a chhan chu bison-, dinosaur ruh ni lo anga an ngaih vang a ni.
Zawhna tha tak chu engtin nge ruhte hi kum maktaduai sawm tam tak chhung chu an vawnhim ang? Dinosaur te hunlai khan boruak a lum hle a, chuvangin microbial activity hian ruhte chu a tichhia ngei ang. Ruh te hi lungpui nei lo, vawn that leh ruh thar ang deuha lang a nih avangin hun rei tak ni lovin hun rei lote a awm tih a tilang.
Tissue nem tak tak te . Sawi tawh angin fossil hian an kum chungchangah tag an nei lo. Fossil anga hmuh chhuah thil nungte hi eng stage-ah nge khawvelah an nung tih tumahin chiang takin an sawi thei lo. Hei hi fossil atang hian direct-a chhut theih a ni lo. Mahse, dinosaur fossil hmuhchhuah chungchang sawi dawn chuan, fossil engemaw zat chu vawn that a nih thu hmuhchhuah chu thil mak tak a ni. Entirnan, Yle uutiset chuan December 5, 2007 khan heti hian a report a: "Dinosaur ruh leh vun hi USA-ah hmuh a ni." He thuthang hi a chi khat chauh a ni lo va, chutiang thuthang leh thil hmuhchhuah chu a tam hle. Research report pakhatah chuan Jurassic hunlai (evolutionary kum maktaduai 145.5 – 199.6 kalta) atanga dinosaur ruh pahnihna apiangah soft tissue lakchhuah a ni tawh (1). Dinosaur fossil vawn that hi kum maktaduai 65 chuang kalta atanga lo piang a nih chuan puzzle ropui tak a ni tak zet a ni. Entirna tha tak chu Southern Italy-a Pietraroia limestone deposit-a dinosaur fossil kimchang tak tak hmuh a ni a, evolutionary theory-ah chuan kum maktaduai 110 vel zeta upa anga ngaih a ni a, mahse a liver-, intestine-, muscle- leh cartilage tissue te chu a la awm reng a ni. Chu bâkah, an thil hmuhchhuah-a thil chipchiar mak tak chu intestine humhalh a ni a, chutah chuan taksa ruh (muscle tissue) chu hmuh theih a la ni. Zirchiangtute sawi dan chuan intestine chu a cut thar ang maiin a lang! ( TREE, August 1998, Vol. 13, No. 8, phek 303-304) Entirna dang chu Brazil khawpui Araripe-a pterosaur (an rulhut lian tak tak an ni) fossil hmuh a ni a, chu chu a hmaa a la awm ngai loh khawpa vawn ṭhat a ni. University of London palaeontologist Stafford House chuan heng fossil hmuhchhuah chungchang hi a sawi (Discover 2/1994):
Chu thilsiam chu thla ruk kalta khan thi ta se, phum a, laih chhuah ni ta se, hetiang chiah hian a lang ang. Kawng engkimah a famkim tak zet a ni.
Chuvangin, soft tissue finds vawn that tha tak chu dinosaur atang hian siam a ni ta a ni. He thil hmuhchhuah hi kum sang tlemte kalta chauha thi tawh nia ngaih mammoth hmanga siam nen a inang hle. Zawhna tha tak chu, engtin nge dinosaur fossil hi mammoth fossil aiin a let tam takin a upa zawk tih hi sawi theih a nih ang, an pahnih hian a inang tlang taka vawn that an nih chuan? Hei hi geological time chart tih loh chu a bulpui dang a awm lo va, nature-a hmuh theih thil nen vawi tam tak a inmil lo tih hmuhchhuah a ni. He time chart hi kalsan a hun tawh dawn a ni. Dinosaur leh mammoth te hi khawvelah hian a rualin an awm a ni thei hle.
Dinosaur ruhroah hian protein , albumin, collagen leh osteocalcin te hmuh a ni tawh a. Tin, protein chak lo tak tak elastin leh laminin te pawh hmuhchhuah a ni bawk [Schweitzer, M. leh midang 6, Campanian hadrosaur B. canadensis-a Biomolecular characterization leh protein sequences, Science 324 (5927): 626-631, Heng thil hmuhchhuah te hi buaina thlentu chu tunlai hunlai atanga rannung ruhroah pawh heng thilte hi hmuh tur a awm reng reng lo tih hi a ni. Entirnan, mammoth ruh sample pakhat, kum 13,000 vela upa nia chhut-ah chuan collagen zawng zawng chu a bo vek tawh a ni (Science, 1978, 200, 1275). Mahse, dinosaur fossil atang hian collagen an la chhuak tawh a ni. Professional magazine Biochemist-in a sawi dan chuan, collagen hi kum maktaduai thum chhung pawh a lumna tha ber zero degree Celsius-ah chuan a awm thei lo (2) . Chutiang thil hmuhchhuah a lo awm fo hian dinosaur fossil te hi a tam berah kum sang tlemte upa a nih thu a tilang a ni. Geological time chart hmanga kum tehna hi tuna thil hmuhchhuah te nen a inmil lo hle.
A lehlamah chuan biomolecules hi kum 100,000 aia rei humhalh theih a ni lo tih hriat a ni (Bada, J et al. 1999. Fossil record-a biomolecules pawimawh tak takte humhalh: tuna hriatna leh hmalam hun atana harsatna awmte. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 354, [1379 ]). Hei hi empirical science zirchianna result a ni. Collagen hi rannung tissue-a biomolecule, chu chu typical structural protein a ni a, fossil atanga lakchhuah theih a ni fo. Protein sawi tur chungchangah hian ruh chhungah a chhe nghal vat tih hriat a ni a, kum 30,000 hnuah pawh a ruhro chauh hmuh theih a ni a, a vawt tak tak, special condition-ah chauh lo chuan. Hell Creek area-ah hian a chang chuan ruah a sur deuh ngei ang. Chuvangin kum "68 million" zeta upa ruh leia phum tawhah hian collagen hi hmuh tur a ni lo. (3) .
Dinosaur ruh atanga protein lakchhuah, albumin, collagen leh osteocalcin bakah DNA chungchanga thil hmuhchhuah te hi a dik a nih chuan, zirchiangtute fimkhurzia rinhlelhna tur kan neih loh chuan, heng zirchiannate atanga thlir chuan, ruh te hi kum 40,000-50,000 aia upa lo tura tih leh a ngai a, a chhan chu nature-a thil awmte humhalh hun rei ber chu a pel thei lo a ni. (4) .
Thisen cell te chu . Thil mak tak pakhat chu dinosaur hnuhmaah thisen cell hmuhchhuah a ni. Nucleated blood cells hmuhchhuah a ni a, chutah pawh chuan hemoglobin a awm reng tih hmuhchhuah a ni bawk. Thisen cell hmuhchhuah langsar ber pakhat chu kum 1990 chhoah khan Mary Schweitzer-i’n a lo hmu tawh a ni. Chumi hnuah chuan hetiang chiah hian thil dang hmuhchhuah a ni tawh bawk. Zawhna tha tak chu engtin nge thisen cell te hi kum maktaduai sawm tam tak chhung vawnhim theih ang tih hi a ni a, a nih loh leh geologically quite recent origin an nih hnuah pawh an ni em? Hetiang chi thil hmuhchhuah tam tak hian geological time chart leh a kum maktaduai tam tak chu zawhna a siam a ni. Fossil dinhmun tha tak atanga thlir chuan kum maktaduai tam tak rinna tur chhan dik tak a awm lo.
Mary Schweitzer-i chu kum nga a nihin dinosaur zirchiangtu a nih tur thu a puang a. A mumang chu a thleng dik ta a, kum 38 mi lek a nih laiin Tyrannosaurus Rex ruhro, kum 1998-a Montana-a hmuh, a ruhro, a ruhro, a ṭha famkim tluk zeta vawn chu a zir chiang thei ta a ni (Journal of American Medical Association, 17 Nov. 1993, Vol. 270, No 19, pp. 2376–2377). He ruhro kum hi "kum maktaduai 80" vel niin an chhut. Ruh 90% vel hmuh a ni a, a la awm reng bawk. Schweitzer hi tissue research lama tui tak a ni a, molecular palaeontologist a ti a ni. A thil hmuhchhuah thighbones leh shinbones te chu a thlang a, bone marrow chu enfiah a tum ta a ni. Schweitzer chuan ruhro chu fossilized a nih loh thu leh rin loh takin a vawn that thu a hmu a. Ruh chu organic vek a ni a, a vawn that hle bawk. Schweitzer chuan microscope hmangin a zirchiang a, thil mak tak tak a hmuchhuak a. An te a, a zungbun ang maiin nucleus an nei a, thisen kalna kawngkhar chhunga thisen sen (red blood cells) ang chiah hian. Mahse thisen cell te hi kum tam tak kalta khan dinosaur ruh atang hian a bo tawh tur a ni.Schweitzer chuan, "Ka vun hian goosebumps a nei a, tunlai ruh chi khat ka en ang mai a ni," a ti. "A dik e, ka thil hmuh chu ka ring thei lo va, lab technician hnenah chuan: 'Heng ruhte hi kum maktaduai 65 zeta upa an ni a, engtin nge thisen cell te hi chutiang rei chu an dam theih ang?'" (Science, July 1993, Vol. 261, pp. 160–163) . He thil hmuhchhuah chungchangah hian thil pawimawh tak chu ruh zawng zawng hi fossilized vek a la ni lo tih hi a ni. Ruh chungchanga specialist researcher Gayle Callis chuan scientific meeting-ah ruh sample hi a entir a, pathologist pakhatin a hmuh palh a ni. Pathologist chuan, "He ruh chhungah hian thisen cell a awm tih i hria em?" Hei hian thriller mak tak a siam ta a ni. Mary Schweitzer chuan sample chu dinosaur zirchiangtu lar tak Jack Horner hnenah a entir a,"Chuti a nih chuan a chhungah thisen cell a awm i ring em?" , chu chu Schweitzer chuan, "Ni lo, ka ti lo," tiin a chhang a. "Awle chuti a nih chuan, thisen cell an ni lo tih finfiah tum mai rawh," tiin Horner chuan a chhang a (EARTH, 1997, June: 55–57, Schweitzer et al., The Real Jurassic Park). Jack Horner chuan ruhte hi a thuk em avangin tui leh oxygen hian a nghawng thei lo niin a ngai a ni. (5 )
Radiocarbon hmanga siam a ni . Organic matter kum tehna atana hmanraw pawimawh ber chu radiocarbon method hi a ni. Hetiang method hmang hian radiocarbon (C-14) official half-life chu kum 5730 a nih avangin kum 100,000 vel hnuah pawh a awm tawh tur a ni lo. Mahse, a dikna chu radiocarbon hi "kum maktaduai za tam tak liam tawh" deposit-ah te, oil well-ah te, Cambrian organisms-ah te, coal deposit-ah te, diamond-ah te pawh hmuh a ni fo tawh a ni. Radiocarbon official half-life chu kum sang tlemte chauh a nih laiin, sample te hi kum maktaduai tam tak kalta atanga lak a nih chuan hei hi a theih tur a ni lo. A awm thei awmchhun chu thil nungte thih hun chu tunlai hun nen a inhnaih zawk hle a, chu chu kum maktaduai tam tak ni lovin sang tam tak a hla a ni. Buaina ang chiah hi dinosaur-te pawh a ni. A tlangpuiin dinosaur te hi radiocarbon dated pawh an la ni lo a, a chhan chu dinosaur fossil te hi radiocarbon dating atan chuan upa lutuk anga ngaih a ni. Mahse, tehna tlemte siam a ni a, mak tih ber chu radiocarbon chu a la awm reng a ni. Hei hian a hmaa kan hmuh tawh ang bawkin heng thilsiamte hi an boral atanga kum maktaduai tam tak a la liam thei lo tih a tilang a ni. A hnuaia quote hian buaina chungchang hi a sawi belh leh a ni. German rama zirchiangtu pawl pakhat chuan hmun hrang hranga dinosaur ruhro radiocarbon la awmte chu hmun hrang hranga hmuh a nih thu an report a:
Fossil hlui tak nia ngaihte hi radiocarbon awm tawh lo tur a nih avangin carbon-14 dated an ni tlangpui lo. Radioactive carbon half-life hi a tawi em em a, kum 100,000 aia rei lovah a chhe vek tawh mai mai a ni. Kum 2012 August thla khan German zirchiangtu pawl pakhat chuan geophysicist-te meeting-ah dinosaur ruh sample tam takah carbon-14 tehna an siam chhuah result an report a. Results atanga a lan dan chuan ruh sample te hi kum 22,000-39,000 vel a upa a ni! He thu ziah lai hian a tlem berah chuan YouTube-ah presentation a awm tawh. (6) . Engtin nge result chu a hmuh? Chairmen zinga pahnih, tehna pawm thei lo chuan conference website-a presentation abstract chu scientist-te hnena sawi lovin an delete ta a ni. He result hi http://newgeology.us/presentation48.html ah hian a awm a ni. Case hian naturalistic paradigm-in nghawng a neih dan a tarlang a ni. Naturalism-in a thunun scientific community-a tihchhuah a kalh zawng result hmuh chu thil theih loh tluk a ni. Raisins te hi an thlawk a rinawm zawk. (7) .
DNA . Dinosaur ruhro hi kum maktaduai tam tak kalta atanga lo piang a ni thei lo tih tilangtu pakhat chu an chhunga DNA hmuhchhuah hi a ni. DNA hi eg About Tyrannosaurus Rex ruh material (Helsingin Sanomat 26.9.1994) leh China rama dinosaur egg (Helsingin Sanomat 17.3.1995) atanga lakchhuah a ni. DNA hmuhchhuah hi evolution theory atana harsa titu chu mihring mummy hlui emaw, mammoth emaw zirchian tawh atang pawhin DNA sample lak theih a ni ngai lo a, a chhan chu he thil hi a chhe tawh a ni. Entirna tha tak chu Svante Pääbo-a’n Uppsala-a Berlin museum-a mihring mummy 23 tissue sample a zirchian khan a ni. Mummy pakhat chauh atanga DNA a la chhuak thei a, hei hian he thil hi rei tak a daih thei lo tih a tilang a ni (Nature 314: 644-645). Dinosaur-ah hian DNA a la awm reng tih hian kum maktaduai tam tak kalta atanga lo piang a ni thei lo tih a tilang chiang hle. A harsa zualtu chu kum 10,000 hnuah DNA a awm tawh lo tur a ni (Nature, 1 Aug, 1991, vol 352). Chutiang bawkin tun hnaia kum 2012 atanga zirchianna an neihah pawh DNA half-life chu kum 521 chauh a ni tih chhut a ni. Hei hian kum maktaduai sawm chuang zeta upa fossil ngaihdan hi hnawl theih a nihzia a tilang a ni. Hemi kaihhnawih thuthang (yle.fi > Uutiset > Tiede, 13.10.2012) -ah chuan hetiang hian an sawi a:
DNA humhalhna tawp ber chu hmuhchhuah a ni - dinosaur cloning tumna chu a tawp ta
Dinosaur te hi kum maktaduai 65 kalta khan an boral ta a ni. DNA hi chutiang rei chu a dam rei lo hle a, a dinhmun tha takah pawh a dam thei lo niin tun hnaia zirchianna pakhatah chuan... Enzyme leh micro-organism te hian rannung a thih hnu lawkah cell DNA chu an tichhia tan ta a ni. Mahse, a chhan ber chu tui avanga thil thleng (reaction) vang niin an ngai. Hmun tinah deuhthaw leihnuai tui a awm avangin DNA hi, theory-ah chuan, a chhe zel tur a ni. Mahse, hei hi hriat chian nan hian he hun hma hian DNA la awm fossil tam tawk kan hmu thei lo. Tunah chuan Danish leh Australian scientist-te chuan he thuruk hi an chingfel ta a, an laboratory-ah Moa sava lian tak shinbone 158 an dawng a, ruh chhungah hian genetic material a la awm reng a ni. Ruh hi kum 600 – 8000 vel a ni a, hmun khat atanga lo chhuak vel a ni a, chuvangin dinhmun nghet takah an upa tawh a ni.
Amber pawh hian DNA extra time a pe thei lo
Sample-te kum leh DNA chhe zat tehkhin hian scientist-te chuan kum 521 chhunga half-life an chhut thei a ni. Chumi awmzia chu kum 521 hnuah DNA chhunga nucleotide joint chanve chu a inthen darh tawh tihna a ni. Kum 521 dang a liam hnuah pawh hetiang hi a thleng tawh a, a la awm zawng zawng zinga a chanve leh a dangte pawh a thleng tawh bawk. Researcher-te chuan ruh chu temperature tha takah chawl mah se, kum maktaduai 68 hnuah chuan ruh zawng zawng chu a chhe vek dawn tih an sawi. Kum maktaduai khat leh a chanve hnuah pawh DNA chu chhiar theih lohvin a awm ta a ni: thu hriat tur a tlem lutuk a, a chhan chu a pawimawh zawng zawng chu a bo vek tawh a ni.
Dinosaur-ah DNA a la awm a, he thil hi kum za tam takah chauh a dam rei zawng teh a nih chuan hei atang hian thutlukna siam a ngai a ni. DNA tehna hi rintlak a ni lo emaw, kum maktaduai sawm tam tak kalta a nung tawh dinosaur chungchanga ngaihdan te hi a dik lo emaw pawh nise. A hnuhnung zawk duhthlanna hi a dik ngei ang, a chhan chu tehna dangte pawh hian kum maktaduai tam tak ni lovin hun rei lote a kawk a ni. Hei hi tehna atanga innghat science a ni a, hnawl vek a nih chuan keimahni leh keimahni kan in hruai bo tihna a ni.
DINOSAURS TE THIL TIH DAN . Dinosaur tihchhiat chungchang sawi dawn chuan kum maktaduai tam tak kalta, Cretaceous hun tawp lam thlenga thil thleng nia ngaih a ni fo. Chutiang bawka nasa taka tihchhiatnaah chuan ammonites, belemnites leh thing leh mau chi dangte pawh an tel ve niin an ngai. He chhiatna hian Cretaceous hunlaia rannung tam tak a tiboral tawh nia ngaih a ni. A chhiatna thlentu ber chu meteorite anga ngaih a ni tlangpui a, chu chuan leivut chhum lian tak a siam ang. Leivut chhum chuan ni êng chu rei tak a khuh ang a, chutih lai chuan thlai te chu an thi ang a, chu thlai eitu rannungte pawh an riltam ang. Mahse, meteorite theory leh slow climate change theory te hian harsatna pakhat an nei a, chu chu lungpui leh tlang khauh chhunga fossil hmuhchhuah chungchang hi an sawifiah lo. Khawvel hmun hrang hrang atanga dinosaur fossil te hi lungpui khauh chhungah hmuh tur a awm a, hei hi thil mak tak a ni. A mak hle a, a chhan chu rannung lian tak tak - metre 20-a sei pawh ni thei - lungpui khauh chhungah hian an lut thei lo. Hun pawhin thil a pui lo, a chhan chu kum maktaduai tam tak chhung rannung pakhat leia phum a, fossilized a nih hun i nghah chuan chumi hma chuan a ro tha ang a, a nih loh leh rannung dangin an ei ang. Dik tak chuan dinosaur leh fossil dangte kan hmuh apiangin lei hnuaiah rang takin an phum a ni ngei ang. Fossil hi kawng dangin a piang thei lo:
Chutiang khawpa zawi zawia deposit siam chu a awm a nih chuan, tui acid-te’n a chhe hmain, emaw, tuifinriat thuk lo tak hnuai lam an hrual leh an chil laia an tihchhiat leh a chhe vek hma emaw, leilung (sediment)-ah phum a nih loh avangin, fossil engmah a humhim thei lo tih a chiang hle. Accident-ah chauh sediment-in an khuh thei a, chutah chuan an phum nghal vek a ni. ( Geochronology emaw, Sediments leh Nunna avanga Lei Hun emaw , Bulletin of the National Research Council No. 80, Washington DC, 1931, p. 14)
Thutlukna siam chu khawvel hmun hrang hranga hmuh chhuah heng dinosaur te hi leilung chhiatnain a phum nghal vat a ni ngei ang. A tir lamah chuan mual nêm tak a lo thleng a, chutah chuan cement ang bawkin a khauh ta hle a ni. Chutiang chauh chuan dinosaur, mammoth leh rannung dangte lo chhuahna chu sawifiah theih a ni. Tuilêt hunah chuan chutiang chu a thleng thei ngei ang. A sawifiahna kan en a, chu chuan he thil chungchangah hian ngaihdan dik tak a pe a ni. Lung khauh chhunga dinosaur hmuh a nih thu a tarlang a, hei hian leilung nêm takin a khuh a ni ngei ang tih a tilang. Chutah chuan leilung chu an chhehvelah a khauh ta a ni. Tuilêt lai chauhvin, mahse thilsiam pangngaia thil awm dan pangngaiah erawh chuan chutiang thil chu a thleng ngei kan beisei thei a ni (he article hian tui hnim hring (water eddies)-in dinosaur ruh a khawlkhawm theih dan pawh a sawi tel bawk). A hnuah hian thuziak-ah hian chiang zawka hriat theih nan bolds dah belh a ni:
South Dakota thlaler hmunah a kal a, chutah chuan lung bang leh lung lian tak tak, rawng sen, sen leh sen hring leh sen hring hring a awm a. Ni engemaw zat chhungin lungpui bangah chuan ruh thenkhat a hmu a , chu chu a zawn chhuah tum ang chi niin a chhut. Ruh vel lung a lai chuan , ruh chu rannung awm dan tur angin a awm tih a hmuchhuak a. Dinosaur ruh awm fo angin heap-ah an awm lo. Chutiang bungrua tam tak chu tui hrual chak takin a siam ang mai a ni. Tunah chuan heng ruhte hi sandstone blue-ah chuan a awm tawh a, chu chu a khauh hle . Sandstone chu grader hmanga lakchhuah a ngai a, blasting hmanga lakchhuah a ngai bawk. Brown leh a ṭhiante chuan ruhte chhuah tir tumin metre sarih leh a chanve vel zeta thuk khur an siam a. Skeleton lian tak pakhat lakchhuah nan chuan summer hnih an hmang a. Lung atanga ruhte chu engti kawng mahin an la chhuak lo. Lung lian tak takte chu rel hmangin museum-ah an phur a, chutah chuan scientist-te chuan lung thil chu an chip chhuak thei a, ruhro chu an siam thei ta a ni. Tunah chuan he tyrant lizard hi museum exhibition hall-ah a ding ta a ni. (p. 72, Dinosaur / Ruth Wheeler leh Harold G. Coffin te)
TUILUI THIL THIL TIH DAN THIL AWM DAN . Chuvangin thudik tak chu dinosaur ruhro hi lungpui khauh chhungah hmuh tur a awm a, chuta tang chuan lakchhuah a harsa hle. Hetiang dinhmuna an din theihna awmchhun chu an chhehvelah lei nêm tak a lo piang nghal vat a, chutah chuan lungpuiah a lo khauh ta a ni. Tuilêt ang thilthlengah hian hetiang hi a thleng a ni thei. Amaherawhchu, tuilian hnuah pawh mihring chanchinah hetiang rannung lian tak tak hi sawi a awm a, chuvangin chutih lai chuan an thi vek lo. Tuilêt chungchânga finfiahna dangte chu engtin nge ni ang? Hetah hian tlemte chauh kan tarlang a ni. Geological time chart-a kum maktaduai tam tak, a nih loh leh chhiatna tam tak thlenga sawifiah chu chhiatna pakhat leh pakhat: Tuilêt avanga lo awm vek a ni thei. Dinosaur te tihchhiat dan bakah leia thil dang tam tak hmuhchhuah te pawh a sawifiah thei bawk. Tuilêt finfiahna nghet tak pakhat chu eg, tuifinriat tui (marine sediments) hi khawvel hmun hrang hrangah a awm fo tih hi a ni a, hei hi a hnuaia quotation-te hian a tarlang a ni. Comment hmasa ber chu kum 200 chuang kalta aṭanga geology pa James Hutton-a lehkhabu aṭanga lak a ni:
Leilung (...) zawng zawng hi tuifinriat hnuaia leilung leh lunghlu inzawmkhawm, crustacean shell leh coral matter, lei leh leilung atanga siam a ni tih kan thutlukna siam a ngai a ni. (J. Hutton, Leilung chungchanga ngaihdan l, 26. 1785)
JS Shelton: Continent-ah chuan tuipui sedimentary rock hi sedimentary rock dang zawng zawng inzawmkhawm aiin a tam zawk a, a darh zau zawk bawk. Hei hi sawifiah ngai thil awlsam tak zinga mi a ni a, mihringin geological past-a geography danglam zel hriatthiam a tum chhunzawm zelna nena inzawm thil zawng zawng bulpui ber a ni. (8) .
Tuilêt a nihzia tilangtu dang chu khawvel hmun hrang hranga lungalhthei awmte hi a ni a, chu chu tuiin a stratified nia hriat a ni. Chu bakah, tuifinriat atanga lo awm leh sangha awmna hian deposit te hi marsh engemaw takah slow peating avanga lo awm a ni thei lo tih a tilang bawk. Chu ai chuan a sawifiahna tha zawk chu tui chuan thlai te chu lungalhthei siamna hmun thlengin a phur a ni. Tui hian thlai leh thingte chu a hrual a, tlang lian takah a dah khawm a, leia thing leh mau zingah tuifinriat rannungte a rawn hruai lut a ni. Hei hi chhiatna lian tak, Bible-a sawi Tuilêt ang chiah hian a thleng thei chauh a ni.
Eng emaw chhan vanga ramngaw te chu hnim hring (sludge)-a phum a nih chuan lungalhthei (coal deposit) a lo awm ta a ni. Tuna kan machine culture hi a then chu heng strata atang hian a innghat a ni. (Mattila Rauno, Teuvo Nyberg leh Olavi Vestelin, Koulun biologia 9, p. 91) te chuan an ziak a ni.
Mineral coal seam hnuaiah leh chung lamah chuan sawi tawh ang khan leilung lung layer pangngai a awm a, an structure atang chuan tui atanga stratified an nih thu kan hmu thei a ni. (9) .
Evidence tam zawk chuan mineral coal hi ramngaw lian tak tak tihchhiat, layer-a siam leh rang taka phum a nih chuan a lo chhuak rang tih a tilang. Yallourn, Victoria (Australia)-ah hian lignite strata lian tak tak a awm a, chutah chuan pine thing hnah tam tak a awm a – tunah hian marsh ram-ah thing a lo thang lo. Pollen thianghlim 50% thleng awmna, hmun zau takah theh darh, sorted, thick strata te hian lignite strata hi tui atanga siam a nih thu chiang takin a tilang a ni. (10) .
School-ah chuan peat atanga carbon siam chhuah zauh zauh a ni tih zirtir a ni a, mahse khawiah mah hetiang hi a thleng tih hmuh tur a awm lo. Coalfield zau zawng te, thing chi hrang hrang te, leh dinglam multi-layered trunks te ngaihtuah chuan coal deposit te hi thing leh mau lian tak tak, drifting rafts te atanga siam niin a lang a, chu chu tuilian nasa tak a lo thlen lai khan a ni. Tuipuia thil nungte phun corridor pawh heng carbonized plant fossil-ah hian hmuh tur a awm bawk. Tuipui chhunga rannung ruhro (fossil) te pawh lungalhthei hmunah hmuh a ni tawh bawk ("A note on the Occurrence of Marine Animal Remains in a Lancashire Coal Ball", Geological Magazine, 118:307,1981) ... Tuipui rannung hnim hring tam tak leh tuipui chhunga awm Spirorbis ruhro (fossil) te pawh lungalhthei hmunah pawh hmuh theih a ni.(Weir, J., ”Tun hnaia Carbon tehna shell-te zirchianna”, Science Progress, 38:445, 1950). (11) .
Prof. Price hian mineral coal layer 50- atanga 100 vel chu a chunglam pakhata awm a, an inkar ah tuipui thuk atanga lo chhuak fossil te pawh telna layer awmna case a rawn tarlang a ni. He thudik hi a chak em em a, a rintlak em em bawk a, Lyell-a uniformity theory avanga heng thudikte hi sawifiah a tum ngai lo. (12) .
Tuilêt a nihzia tilangtu pathumna chu tlang sang tak tak, Himalaya, Alps leh Andes-a tuifinriat (marine fossil) awm hi a ni. Scientist leh geologist-te lehkhabu ngei atanga entirnan thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:
Beagle lawnga a zin lai hian Darwin ngei pawhin Andean tlang sang tak atangin fossilized seashells a hmu a. Chu chuan, tuna tlang an nihna hi hmân laiin tui hnuaiah a awm tih a tilang a ni. (Jerry A. Coyne: Miksi evoluutio on totta [Evolution hi a dik chhan], p. 127)
Tlâng tlâng hmuna lungte awm dân bulpui ngun taka en chhan a awm a. Alps tlangah hmuh tur a awm ber a, hmar lam lime Alps-ah te, Helvetian zone an tih maiah te hmuh a ni ber. Limestone hi lungpui ber a ni. Heta lungpui hi tlang chhip emaw, tlang chhip emaw kan en hian - chutah chuan chhoh theihna chakna kan neih chuan - a tawpah chuan a chhungah hian rannung hnuhma, rannung ruhro (fossilized animal remains) kan hmu ang. An chhe nasa hle fo a mahse hriat theih tur piece hmuh theih a ni. Chu fossil zawng zawng chu lime shell emaw tuifinriata thil nung ruhro emaw an ni. Chumi zingah chuan spiral-threaded ammonites a awm a, a bik takin double-shelled clams tam tak a awm bawk. (...) Chhiartute chuan hetah hian tlangram hian tuikhuah tam tak a keng tel tih hi eng nge a awmzia tih an ngaihtuah mai thei a, chu chu tuifinriat hnuaiah pawh stratified-a hmuh theih a ni. (p. 236,237 "Muuttuva maa", Pentti Eskola) tih a ni.
Kyushu-a Japanese University atanga Harutaka Sakai hian kum tam tak chhung chu Himalayan tlangah heng tuipui fossil te hi a zirchiang tawh a ni. Amah leh a pawlte chuan Mesozoic hunlai aquarium pum pui an list a. Tuna sea urchin leh starfish te nena inzawm, fragile sea lilies te hi tuipui atanga kilometer thum aia sang lung bang ah te hmuh tur a awm a ni. Tlang lungpuiah hian Ammonites, belemnites, corals leh plankton te hi fossil angin hmuh tur a awm (...) Kilometer hnih vela sangah chuan geologist-te chuan tuifinriat ngeiin a hnutchhiah hnuhma an hmu a. A lungpui (wave-like rock surface) hi tui hniam thlipui atanga sand-a awm reng form te nen a inmil a ni. Everest tlang chhip atang pawhin limestone sen hring (yellow strips of limestone) hmuh tur a awm a, chu chu tuipuiah chuan tui hnuaia rannung chhiar sen loh hnuhma atanga lo chhuak a ni. ("Maapallo ihmeiden planeetta", p. 55-ah hian a langsar hle.
Tuilêt a nihzia tilangtu palina chu tuilian chanchin hi a ni a, chu chu mi ṭhenkhatin an chhut dân chuan 500 vêl a ni. Heng thawnthute hi khawvel pum huap a nihzia hi he thilthleng hi a finfiahna tha ber nia ngaih theih a ni:
Khawvelah hian culture 500 vel – Greece, China, Peru leh North America-a indigenous peoples te pawh an tel – hriat lar an ni a, thawnthu leh thawnthuah hian tuilian lian tak, hnam chanchin tidanglamtu chanchin ngaihnawm tak a sawi a ni. Thu tam takah chuan Nova chungchâng ang bawkin tuilêt aṭanga dam khawchhuak mi tlemte chauh an ni. Mi tam tak chuan tuilian hi pathiante avanga lo awm niin an ngai a, chhan pakhat emaw, chhan dang emaw avanga mihring chi hrang hrangte chu an bo ta a ni. Mipui chu Nova hun lai ang khan leh North America-a Native American Hopi hnam thawnthu angin, a nih loh leh Gilgamesh epic-a ang khan mi an tam lutuk a, an ri nasa lutuk pawh a ni mai thei. (13) .
Khawvel pum huap Tuilêt hi a tak tak lo ni ta se, hnam ṭhenkhat chuan meialh puak hlauhawm tak tak te, vur thlipui lian tak tak te, ruahtui tlak lohna (...) te hian an pi leh pute sualte a tichhe vek tih hi an hrilhfiah ang. Chuvangin Tuilêt chanchin hi khawvêl pum huap a nihzia hi a dikzia finfiahna ṭha berte zînga mi a ni. Heng thawnthu zawng zawng hi mimal thawnthu angin kan hnawl thei a, suangtuahna mai mai niin kan ngai thei a, mahse an inzawm khawm chuan khawvel pum huap thlirna atang chuan sawisel theih loh tluk a ni. (Leilung) .
Dinosaur leh rannung chi hrang hrang . Biology lehkhabu leh evolution literature kan chhiar hian nunna zawng zawng hi simple primitive cell atanga tuna a awm dan anga a lo inthlak danglam dan ngaihdan hi kan hmu fo thin. Evolution-ah chuan sanghate chu frog-ah an chan a ngai a, frog-te chu reptiles-ah an chan a ngai a, dinosaur-te chu rannung (mammal)-ah an chan a ngai bawk. Mahse, thil hmuh chhuah pawimawh tak chu sakawr, bawng leh beram ruh ang chi ruh zingah dinosaur ruh hmuh a ni tawh tih hi a ni (Anderson, A., Tourism falls victim to tyrannosaurus, Nature, 1989, 338, 289 / Dinosaurus chu ngawi rengin a thi mai thei a, 1984, New Scientist, 104, 9.), chuvangin dinosaur leh mammals te chu an nung tawh ngei ang chutih rual chuan . A hnuaia quotation hian chutiang bawk chu a sawina a ni. Carl Werner-a’n Darwin-a theory chu a taka test a tum dan a sawi a ni. Kum 14 chhung zet research a nei a, thlalak sang tam tak a la bawk. Zirna hrang hrangah chuan rannung leh sava te hi an tam hle a, dinosaur te nen pawh an nung dun bawk a:
Fossil nung chungchanga hriatna chiang tak nei lovin American paramedic doctor Carl Werner chuan Darwin-a theory chu practical test hnuaiah dah a tum a... Dinosaur hunlai fossil chungchangah kum 14 chhung zet zirchianna nasa tak a nei aleh anmahni nena awm dun thei chi hrang hrangte pawh... Werner hian professional paleontology literature a hre chiang hle a, khawvel hmun hrang hranga natural history museum 60 a tlawh a, chutah chuan thlalak 60 000 a la a ni. Strata khat atanga laih chhuah fossil chauh a ngaihtuah a, chutah chuan dinosaur fossil hmuh theih a ni (Triassic -, Jurassic -, leh Cretaceous hunlai kum maktaduai 250-65 kalta). Chumi hnuah chuan museum-a a hmuh leh literature-a a hmuh, fossil hlui inang sang tam tak chu tuna chi hrang hrangte nen a khaikhin a, paleontology lama mithiam tam tak leh mithiam dangte a kawm bawk. A result chu museum leh paleontology-based literature-ah chuan tuna awm chi hrang hrang group tinte fossil a pholang a ni ... Dinosaur-te “prime era” lai khan rannungte chu zawi zawiin an lo thanglian tan tih min hrilh a, rannung hmasa berte chu “shrew ang chi thil nung te tak te, inthup taka awm leh dinosaur hlauhna avanga zan lamah chauh che thin” an ni tih min hrilh bawk. Mahse, professional literature-ah chuan Werner-a chuan dinosaur strata atanga squirrel, opossum, beaver, primate leh platypus te an laih chhuah report a hmuchhuak a. Kum 2004-a a lehkhabu tihchhuah a sawi bawk a, chu mi ang chuan Triassic -, Jurassic -, leh Cretaceous strata-ah hian rannung 432 hmuh a ni tawh a, chung zinga za vel chu ruhro tling tak an ni. Werner-a video interview-ah Utah-a prehistoric museum administrator, Dr Donald Burge-a chuan heti hian a sawifiah a: “Kan dinosaur laihchhuah zawng zawngah te hian rannung (mammal fossil) kan hmu vek a. Mammal fossil awmna bentonite clay ton sawm kan nei a, zirchiangtu dangte hnena pek kan tum mek a ni. An pawimawh kan hmuh loh vang ni lovin, nun hi a tawi vang a ni a, rannung (mammal)-ah pawh ka specialized lo: reptiles leh dinosaur-ah ka specialized tawh a ni”. Paleontologist Zhe-Xi Luo (Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh) chuan May, 2004-a Werner-a video interview-ah heti hian a sawi: “‘Dinosaur hunlai’ tih thumal hi hming dik lo a ni. Rannung (mammal) te hi dinosaur nena awm dun leh dam khawchhuak pawl pawimawh tak an ni”. (Heng thusawi hi lehkhabu: Werner C. Living Fossils, p. 172 –173 atanga lak a ni). (14) .
Chuvangin fossil hmuhchhuah atanga thlir chuan dinosaur era tih hi a dik lo hle. Tunlai rannung pangngai (common mammal) te hi dinosaur te nen hian hun khatah an khawsa tawh a, chu chu rannung chi hrang hrang 432 tal an awm tihna a ni. Dinosaur atanga lo piang chhuak nia ngaih sava te hi engtin nge ni ang? Dinosaur te nen pawh strata khatah hmuh an ni tawh bawk. Hengte hi tunlai chi hrang hrang ang chiah chiah an ni: parrot, penguin, eagle owl, sandpiper, albatross, flamingo, loon, duck, cormorant, avocet...Dr Werner chuan ""Museum-ah hian heng tunlai sava chi hrang hrangte hi an pholang lo va, dinosaur boruak tarlanna thlalak-ah pawh an ziak lo. A dik lo a ni. A bul berah chuan museum exhibit-a T. Rex emaw Triceratops emaw tarlan a nih apiangin, duck, loon, flamingo emaw, heng tunlai sava dang thenkhat, dinosaur nena strata inang chiaha hmuh tawhte pawh hi tarlan tur a ni. Mahse chutiang chu a thleng lo. Natural history museum-ah hian dinosaur nei duck hi ka la hmu ngai lo a ni lawm ni? Owl pakhat a ni em? Parrot a ni em?”
Dinosaur leh mihring te . Evolution theory-ah chuan mihring hi dinosaur-te ang khan leiah hian a lo awm tawh tih hi thil theih loh anga ngaih a ni. Dinosaur nen hian rannung dang an lo lang ve tih hriat ni mahse, thil hmuhchhuah dangte phei chuan dinosaur (coal deposit-a thil awmte leh mihring ruhro etc.) hmaa mihring lo lang tur nia sawi ni mah se, pawm a ni lo. Mahse, dinosaur leh mihringte hi a hun laia an awm tih finfiahna chiang tak tak a awm. Eg dragon sawifiahna pawh chutiang chu a ni. Tun hma chuan miten dragon chungchang an sawi thin a, dinosaur chungchang erawh an sawi lo va, a hming hi Richard Owen-a’n kum zabi 19-naah chauh a lo siam chhuak a ni.
Thuziak s. Tun hnaia dinosaur-te an lo awm tawh tih finfiahna pakhat chu dragon lian tak tak leh rulhut thlawk thei chanchin leh sawina tam tak hi a ni. Heng sawifiahnate hi a upa poh leh a dik zawk thin. Heng sawifiahnate hi hriatrengna hlui atanga lo chhuak thei a ni a, hnam hrang hrang tam tak zingah hmuh tur a awm a, chuvangin eg English, Irish, Danish, Norwegian, German, Greek, Roman, Egyptian leh Babylonian literature-ah te pawh sawi a ni. A hnuaia thuziak te hian dragon lem a hluar dan a sawi a ni.
Legend-a dragon-te hi, mak tak maiin, hun kal tawha rannung tak tak lo awm tawh ang mai an ni. Mihring lo lang nia ngaih a nih hma daih tawha ram awptu (dinosaur) lian tak tak (dinosaur) te nen an inang hle. Dragon te hi a tlangpuiin thil tha lo leh tichhe thei anga ngaih an ni. Hnam tin hian an thawnthuah an sawi a. ( Khawvel Lehkhabu Encyclopedia, Vol. 5, 1973, s. 265)
Recorded history a intan tirh atang khan hmun tinah dragon an lo lang chhuak a: Assuria leh Babulon khawpuia civilization hmasawnna chanchin hmasa berah te, Thuthlung Hluia Judate chanchinah te, China leh Japan thuziak hluiah te, Greece, Rome leh Kristian hmasa te thawnthuah te, hmân lai America ram tehkhin thu-ah te, Africa leh India ram thawnthuah te. A legendary history-a dragon telh lo society hmuh a harsa hle...Aristotle, Pliny leh classical period-a ziaktu dangte chuan dragon thawnthu hi thil dik takah a innghat a, suangtuahna atanga siam a ni lo niin an sawi. (15) .
Finnish geologist Pentti Eskola chuan kum sawm tam tak kalta khan a lehkhabu Muuttuva maa -ah dragon lemchan te hi dinosaur nen an inang tih a sawi tawh a:
Sakeibaknei ang chi rannung chi hrang hrangte hi kan tan chuan a hlimawm em em a, a chhan chu an zinga tam tak chu – hla tak leh a tam zawkah chuan caricature ang deuhin – tunlai rannung chi hrang hrang, dinhmun inang lo tak hnuaia awmte nen an inang a ni. Mahse, dinosaur tam zawk chu tunlai nungchate nen an danglam em em a, chuvang chuan analogu hnai ber berte chu thawnthua dragon lemchanah hmuh tur a awm a ni. Mak tak maiin, thawnthu ziaktute hian an pianphungah chuan lungphun (petrifactions) hi an zirchiang lo va, an hre lo pawh a ni thei. (16) .
Dinosaur te hi dragon an nih tak tak theih dan entirnan tha tak chu Chinese lunar calendar leh horoscope te hi a ni a, kum zabi tam tak kaltaa nia hriat a ni. Chuvangin Chinese zodiac hi kum 12 chhunga cycle-a lo lang leh thin rannung chhinchhiahna 12-a innghat a nih chuan rannung 12 an inrawlh a ni. Chung zinga 11 chu tunlai hunah pawh hriat hlawh tak an ni a, chungte chu: rulhut, bawngpa, sakeibaknei, sakeibaknei, rul, sakawr, beram, sava, vawk, vawk, ui leh vawk te an ni.Chu ai chuan ran 12-na chu dragon a ni a, tunlai hian a awm lo. Zawhna tha tak chu, rannung 11 te hi rannung tak tak an nih chuan engvangin nge dragon hi exception leh mythical creature a nih ang? Tûnkhatah mihringte nên hun khata awm mah se, rannung dang chhiar sen loh ang maiin a bo tawh nia ngaih chu a dik zâwk lo em ni? Dinosaur tih thumal hi kum zabi 19-na vel khan Richard Owen-a’n a lo siam chhuak chauh tih hi hriat nawn leh a tha. Chumi hma chuan dragon tih hming hi kum zabi tam tak chhung chu hman a ni tawh a:
Tin, a hnuaia thil hmuhchhuah te hi sawi theih a ni bawk:
Ngaihven awm tak chu Cambodia ramngaw-a kum 800 zeta upa biak in pakhatah chuan stegosaurus ang maia lem an hmu a. Dinosaur chi khat a ni. (Ta Prohm Temple atanga lak a ni. Maier, C., Angkor khawpuia thilsiam mak tak takte, www.unexplainedearth.com/angkor.php, 9 February 2006 atanga lak a ni.)
• China ramah chuan dragon chungchang sawifiahna leh thawnthu hi a tam hle a; sang tam tak hriat an ni. Dragon-te hian rulhut an pai dan te, thenkhatin thla an neih dan te leh scale-in a khuh dan te an sawi a. Chinese thawnthu pakhatah chuan Yu tia koh mi pakhatin swamp a tui a chhuah laiin dragon a tawk tih a sawi a. Hei hi khawvel tuilian ropui tak hnua thleng a ni. China ramah chuan dinosaur ruh hi kum zabi tam tak chhung chu hnam damdawi atan leh kangmei chhuahna poultice atan an hmang tawh a ni. Chinese tawnga dinosaur hming (kong long) tih awmzia chu "dragon ruh" tihna mai a ni (Don Lessem, Dinosaurs rediscovered p. 128-129. Touchstone 1992.). Chinese ho pawhin dragon te hi ran vulh atan leh lalram parade-ah te an hmang thin niin an sawi bawk (Molen G, Forntidens vidunder, Genesis 4, 1990, pp. 23-26.)
• Aigupta mite chuan Apophis dragon hi Lal Re hmelma angin an tarlang a. Chutiang bawkin Babulon literature-ah pawh dragon chungchang sawina a darh nasa hle. Gilgamesh hmingthang tak hian sidar ramngaw chhungah dragon, reptile ang chi thil nung lian tak chu a that niin an sawi. (Encyclopedia Britannica, 1962, Vol. 10, p. 359) a ni a, a chhuahna hmun leh a hmanna hmun hi a lar hle.
• Greek Apollo chuan Delfin tuikhuahah Python dragon chu a that niin an sawi. Hmanlai Greek leh Rom dragon thattu zinga langsar ber chu mi pakhat Perseus-a a ni.
• Kum 500-600 AD chhunga hla phuah (poetic form)-a ziah chhuah thawnthu (narrative). mi huaisen Beowulf-a chanchin a sawi a, chu chu Denmark tuipui kam chu thlawhna leh tui chhunga ramhuai laka tihfai hna thawk tura tih a ni. A thiltih huaisen tak chu Grendel monster thah a ni. He rannung hian a hnunglam ke lian tak tak leh hmalam ke te te a nei niin an sawi a, khandaih vuak pawh a tuar thei a, mihring aiin a lian deuh niin an sawi bawk. Vertical-in a kal chak hle.
• Roman lehkhabu ziaktu Lucanus-a pawhin dragon chungchang a sawi tawh bawk. A thusawi chu Ethiopia sakawlh pakhat hnênah a kawhhmuh a: “Nang rangkachak êng êng, boruak chu i tisang a, bawngpa lian tak takte i that bawk.
• Greek Herodotos (ca. 484–425 BC)-a’n Arabia rama rul thlawk chungchang a sawina chu vawnhim a ni. Pterosaur thenkhat chu a sawi dik khawp mai. (Rein, E., Herodotos-a Lehkhabu III-VI , p. 58 leh Lehkhabu VII-IX , p. 239, WSOY, 1910)
• Pliny-a chuan (Natural History) BC kum zabi khatnaah khan dragon chu "sakeibaknei nen an indo reng a, amah ngei pawh a lian em em a, sakeibaknei chu a fold-ah a khuh a, a cocoon chhungah a khuh a ni" tih a sawi a.
• Encyclopedia hlui History Animalium chuan kum 1500 chhoah pawh khan "dragon" an la awm tih a sawi a, mahse an lian lo hle a, an tlem hle tih a sawi bawk.
• Kum 1405-a English chronicle pakhat chuan dragon chungchang a sawi a: "Bures khawpui bulah, Sudbury chhehvelah hian tun hnaiah thingtlang lama chhiatna nasa tak thlen thei dragon hmuh tur a awm a. A lian hle a, a lu chung lamah chuan crest a nei a, a ha chu saw-blade ang mai a ni a, a hmui chu a sei lutuk a ni. Beram vengtu chu a slaughtering hnuah chuan tam tak a ei ta a ni." beram chu a hmuiah a awm." (Cooper, B., Tuilêt hnu-Europe rama Tuilêt hnu lama chanchin hmasa ber chu Nova aṭanga lo chhuak a ni, New Wine Press, West Sussex, UK, pp. 130-161)
• Kum zabi 16-naah khan Italian scientist Ulysses Aldrovanus-a chuan a lehkhabu chhuah pakhatah dragon te tak te chungchang hi dik takin a sawi a. Edward Topsell-a chuan kum 1608 hnu lamah khan heti hian a ziak a: “Dragon chi hrang hrang a awm a. A chi hrang hrangte hi a then chu an ram a zirin, a then chu an lian leh te, a then chu an danglamna chhinchhiahna atanga thlirin an inthen a ni."
• Sipai tam takah chuan Dragon insignia hi a awm fo thin. Eg khawchhak lam Roman lal leh English lalte (Uther Pendragon, Lal Arthur-a pa, Richard I kum 1191 indo lai khan leh Henry III-in kum 1245-a Welsh-ho a do lai khan) te hman a ni a, China ramah pawh, dragon hi lal chhungkaw coat of arms-a hnam chhinchhiahna a ni.
• Dinosaur leh dragon te hi hnam tam tak folklore-a tel ve an ni. China bakah hian South America hnam hrang hrangah hetiang hi a awm fo tawh a ni.
• Greek Kohhran Pa zinga a hnuhnung ber, kum 676 AD-a piang Johannes Damascene-a chuan dragon (The Works of St. John Damascene, Martis Publishing House, Moscow, 1997) chu hetiang hian a sawi a.
Roman Empire leh Republic chanchin ziaktu Roman Dio Cassius (155–236 AD) chuan Carthage-a Roman consul Regulus-a indona a tarlang a. Indonaah chuan dragon pakhat a that a. A vun chu a vun a, a vun chu Senate-ah thawn a ni. Senate thupek angin a vun chu teh a ni a, a sei zawng chu feet 120 (ca. 37 meters) a ni. He vun hi Rome tlangram biak in pakhatah BC 133 thleng khan dah a ni a, chutih lai chuan Celt-hoin Rome an luah avangin a bo ta a ni. (Plinius, Natural History . Lehkhabu 8, Bung 14. Plinius-a ngei pawhin he trophy sawi tur hi Rome-ah a hmu niin a sawi). (17) . • Lemziak (drawing) te. Dragon lem, lemziak leh lem te pawh vawnhim a ni a, khawvel hmun hrang hrangah anatomical detail-ah chuan a inang tlang hle. An chanchin thawnthu a awm fo ang bawkin, hnam leh sakhaw zawng zawngah te chuan hmuh tur an awm vek a ni. Dragon thlalak hi eg sipai shield (Sutton Hoo) leh biak in bang cheimawina (eg SS Mary leh Hardulph, England)-ah te record a ni. Bawngpa leh sakeibaknei bakah hian hmân lai Babulon khawpui Ishtar Gate-ah hian dragon lem a awm bawk. Mesopotamian cylinder seal hmasa berte chuan dragon-te chu an kawr ang vela sei deuha hmui neiin an inkawp tih a lang (Moortgat, A., The art of ancient Mesopotamia, Phaidon Press, London 1969, pp. 1,9,10 leh Plate A.) . Dragon-dinosaur themed thlalak tam zawk hmuh theih a ni a, eg www.helsinki.fi/~pjojala/Dinosauruslegendat.htm ah. Ngaihven awm tak chu, lungpui leh lungpui bangah pawh heng rannungte lemziak hi a awm a ni. Heng thil hmuhchhuah te hi Arizona leh Rhodesia hlui bialah pawh a tlem berah hmuhchhuah a ni tawh (Wysong. RL, The Creation-evolution controversy, pp. 378,380). Entîr nân, kum 1924-a Arizona-ah tlâng kulh sâng tak an enfiah chuan lungah hian rannung chi hrang hrang, entirnan, sakeibaknei leh tlâng sakeibaknei lem, dinosaur lem chiang tak pawh an phun tih an hmu chhuak a (Thoralf Gulbrandsen: Puuttuva rengas, 1957, p. 91) . Mayan Indian-ho pawhin Archeopteryx ang chi sava, chu chu rulhut sava (18) awmna relief sculpture an vawng reng bawk . Evolutionary ngaihdan ang chuan dinosaur te nen hian a hun laia nung tur a ni. Flying lizards te pawh finfiahna a awm tawh a, an thla chu metre sawmhnih vel a ni thei a, kum maktaduai sawm chuang kalta khan an thi tawh nia rin a ni. A hnuaia sawifiahna hian anmahni leh Pterosaur ang chi rannung thlawk, bêl chunga an tarlan dan a sawi a ni:
Flying lizards zinga lian ber chu pterosaur a ni a, a thla hi meter 17 aia sei a ni thei. (...) BBC Wildlife Magazine (3/1995, Vol. 13)-ah Richard Greenwell-a chuan tunlai pterosaur hi a awm tih a sawi chhuak a. Peru rama bêl ṭhenkhat hmutu, explorer A. Hyatt Verrill-a thusawi chu a sawi chhuak a ni. Leilung bawmte hian pterodactyl ang chi pterosaur a tarlang a. Verrill chuan artist-te chuan an model atan fossil an hmang niin a chhut a, heti hian a ziak a:
Kum zabi tam tak chhung chu pterodactyl fossil-te sawifiahna dik tak leh lemziak pawh hi thlah khat a\angin thlah dangah an lo inthleng tawh a, chu chu Cocle mite pi leh pute chu pterosaur-te ruhro ṭha taka vawn ṭhat awmna ramah an khawsa a ni.
Tin, North American Indian-ho chuan thunderbird hi an hre chiang hle a, a hming pawh hi car atan pawh loan lak a ni. (19) .
Bible -ah chuan Joba bu-a Behemoth leh Leviathan sawite hian dinosaur-te a sawi niin a lang. Behemoth chungchang chu a hmui chu sidar thing ang a ni tih a sawi a, a kekawrte chu a inzawm tlat a, ruhte chu thir zungbun ang a ni tih a sawi bawk. Heng sawifiahnate hi dinosaur thenkhat, sauropods ang chi, metre 20 aia sei thei te nen a inmil hle. Chutiang bawkin, Behemoth-a awmna chu reed thup, leh fens-te chu dinosaur-te nen a inmil hle a, a chhan chu an zinga engemaw zat chu tuipui kamah an awm a ni. Behemoth-a’n cedar ang maia a chelh dan chungchang erawh chu, tunlai hian rannung lian tak tak, hetiang hmui nei hi hriat a ni lo tih hi ngaihnawm tak a ni. Herbivorous dinosaur hmui hi meter 10-15 vel a sei a ni thei a, ton 1-2 vel a rit thei bawk a, chutiang rannung chu tunlai hunah chuan hriat a la ni lo. Bible lehlin \henkhatah chuan Behemoth hi Sakeibaknei (leviathan chu rulhut) tiin an letling a, mahse sidar ang maia hruihrual sawina hi engti kawng mahin hippopotamus nen a inmil lo. Hemi chungchanga thusawi ngaihnawm tak pakhat chu Marxist Pathian awm ring lo, fossil scientist thi tawh zah tak Stephen Jay Gould-a hnen atangin hmuh theih a ni. Joba lehkhabuin Behemoth chungchang a sawi hian he sawifiahna nena inmil rannung awmchhun chu dinosaur a ni tih a sawi (Pandans Tumme, p. 221, Ordfrontsförlag, 1987). Evolutionist a nih angin Joba lehkhabu ziaktu hian a hriatna chu fossil hmuh chhuah a\angin a hmu ngei ang tih a ring a. Mahse, Bible-a lehkhabu hlui ber zinga mi hian ran nung a sawi chiang hle (Joba 40:15: Behold now behemoth, which I made with you...).
- (Joba 40:15-23) Tunah hian behemoth , in hnena ka siam kha en teh u; bawngpa angin thlai a ei thin. 16 Tunah en teh, a chakna chu a kawr chhungah a awm a, a chakna chu a pum chhungah a awm bawk. 17 A hmui chu sidar angin a ti che a : A kekawrte chu a inzawm tlat a ni . 18 A ruhte chu dar hrual chak tak ang a ni a ; a ruhte chu thir hrui ang a ni. 19 Ani chu Pathian kawngtea hotu ber a ni: Amah siamtu chuan a khandaih chu a hnaih thei a ni. 20 Tlângte chuan a hnênah ei tûr a chhuahtîr ngei ang, ramsa zawng zawngte an khelhna hmunah chuan. 21 Thing hring hnuaiah te, hruihrual thuhrukna hmunah te, leh kulhpuiah te a mu a . 22 Thingkung thlamuang tak takte chuan an thlazarin a khuh a; lui kama willow-te chuan an rawn hual vel a. 23 Ngai teh, lui a in a , a hmanhmawh lo: Jordan chu a kâah a luang chhuak thei tih a ring tlat a ni.
Leviathan hi Joba Lehkhabu-a thilsiam ngaihnawm dang sawi a ni bawk. He thilsiam hi rannung lal nia sawi a ni a, a kâ aṭanga meialh a chhuah dân sawi a ni. (Bomber beetle an tih, gas lum – 100 degree Celsius – beitu chungah direct-a chhuah thei, rannung ramah pawh hriat lar a ni). Sakawlh, an kâ aṭanga mei tipuak thei chanchin tam tak chu chuta ṭang chuan a lo chhuak a ni thei. Bible lehlin \henkhatah chuan Leviathana chu rulhut angin an letling a, mahse, rulhut a hmuh veleh a tikehsawm thei che chu tuin nge hmu a, thir chu buh ang maia ngai, dar chu thing ro ang maia ngai thei, rannung ropui zawng zawngte lal chu tu nge ni? A nihna takah chuan rannung bo tawh, awm tawh lo, mahse Joba hun laia hriat lar a ni bawk. Joba Lehkhabuah hian hetiang hian a sawi:
- (Joba 41:1,2,9,13-34) Leviathan chu hrui hmangin i la chhuak thei ang em ? a lei emaw, hrui i thlah emaw? 2 A hnar chhungah hruihrual i dah thei ang em? a nih loh leh a hmui chu hlingin a phur chhuak em? 9 Ngai teh, a beiseina chu a thlawn a ni: Tu mah a hmuh pawhin an tlu lo vang em ni ? 13 Tuin nge a silhfen hmai hmuchhuak thei? a nih loh leh, a thununna pahnih kengin tuin nge a hnênah lo kal thei ang? 14 A hmai kawngkharte chu tuin nge hawng thei? a ha chu a rapthlak hle mai . 15 A tehfung chu a chapona a ni a, chhinchhiahna hnai tak ang maia khar khawm a ni . 16 Pakhat chu a hnaih êm êm a, an inkârah boruak engmah a lût thei lo. 17 An inzawm khawm a, an inzawm tlat a, an inṭhen thei lo. 18 A mamawhnain êng a êng a, A mitte chu zînga mitmeng ang a ni. 19 A kâ aṭangin khâwnvâr a lo chhuak a, mei êng a lo chhuak . 20 A hnar aṭangin meikhu a chhuak a, chu chu bêl emaw, bêl emaw alh ang maiin a chhuak a ni. 21 A thaw chuan meialh a alh a, a kâ aṭangin meialh a chhuak . 22 A kawngah chuan chakna a awm reng a, Lungngaihna chu a hmaah hlimnaah a chang. 23 A tisa hruihrualte chu a inzawm khawm a; an sawn thei lo. 24 A thinlung chu lung ang maiin a nghet a; ni e, a hnuai lam millstone phek khat ang maia khauh. 25 A kaihthawh chuan mi chakte chu an hlau a, kehchhiat avangin an inthiarfihlim thin. 26 A beitu khandaih chuan a chelh thei lo: fei te, thal te, habergeon te pawh a chelh thei lo. 27 Thir chu buh angin a ngai a, dar chu thing ro angin a ngai bawk. 28 Thal chuan a tlanbotîr thei lo va: Sling lungte chu a rualin buhfaiah a chantir a. 29 Dart chu thinghnah anga chhiar a ni: Fei nghing chu a nuihzat thin. 30 A hnuaiah hian lung hriam tak tak a awm a: Leiminah chuan thil hriam tak tak a theh darh a. 31 Tui thuk chu bêl angin a vawt a, Tuifinriat chu hriak rimtui bêl angin a siam a. 32 A hnunga êng tûrin kawng a siam a; mi pakhat chuan deep chu hoary angin a ngai ang. 33 Leiah hian a ang, hlau lova siam a awm lo. 34 Thil sâng zawng zawng a en a, chapo fate zawng zawng chungah lal a ni .
Bible-a dragon chungchâng sawinate chu engtin nge ni ang? Bible-ah hian ṭhuro te, savawm lungngai tak tak te, rul fing tak tak te, beram te, kêl te, tûn laia thilsiamte hmuh theih rannung zawng zawngte târ lanna tehkhin thute a khat a ni. Engvangin nge Thuthlung Hlui leh Thuthlung Thar-ah te, leh thu leh hla hluiah te vawi tam tak sawi tawh dragon chu a danglam bik ang? Genesis (1:21)-in Pathianin tuifinriata rannung lian tak tak, tuifinriata ramsa (the revised version) a siam dan a sawi hian (Gen 1:21 Tin, Pathianin whale lian tak tak te, thil nung che thei zawng zawng te, tuiin a rawn chhuah tam tak te, an chi hrang hrang leh sava thla nei zawng zawng te chu a chi hrang hrangin a siam a: tin, Pathianin a tha tih a hmu bawk.) , the original language uses the same word “tannin”, which equates to drag Bible hmun dangah pawh a awm . Entîr nân, a hnuaia chângte hian dragon-te chungchâng a sawi a ni:
- (Joba 30:29) Sakeibaknei te unaupa ka ni a , rulhut te tan pawh ka thian ka ni.
- (Sam 44:19) Nangin dragon hmunah min tikehsawm a , thihna thlalakin min khuh a.
- (Isa 35:7) Tin, lei ro chu tuikhuah a lo ni ang a, ram tuihal chu tuikhuah a lo ni ang: Sakawlhte chenna , pakhat zel mutna hmunah chuan, thinghnah leh hnim hringte chu a lo ni ang.
- (Isa 43:20) Sakawlh, Sakeibaknei leh sakawlhte chuan mi chawimawi ang: thlalerah tui ka pe a, thlalerah luite ka pe a, ka mite, ka thlante in tur ka pe a ni.
- (Jer 14:6) Tin, ramsa sabengtungte chu hmun sângahte an ding a, thli chu dragon angin an tikehsawm a ; an mit chu a tlachham tak zet a, a chhan chu thlai a awm loh vang a ni.
- (Jer 49:33) Tin, Hazor chu dragon-te chenna hmun a ni ang a , kumkhuain ramngaw a ni ang: chutah chuan tumah an awm lo vang a, mihring fapa pawh an awm lo vang.
- (Mika 1:8) Chuvangin ka tap ang a, ka au ang a, ka inthuam ang a, ka saruak ang: Sakeibaknei ang maiin ka tap ang a , rulhut angin ka lungngai ang.
- (Mal 1:3) Tin, Esauva ka hua a, a tlângte leh a rochante chu thlalêra dragon-te tân ka tichhia a.
- (Sam 104:26) Chutah chuan lawngte chu an kal a: chutah chuan chu leviathan chu a awm a, chu chu a chhunga khel turin i siam a ni.
- (Joba 7:12) Tuipui, a nih loh leh whale , ka chunga vengtu i siam hi ka ni em? (a siam thar lehna chu: tuifinriat ramhuai, Hebrai tawngin tannin, dragon tihna a ni)
- (Joba 26:12,13) A thiltihtheihnain tuifinriat a ṭhen a, a hriatthiamna hmangin mi chapote chu a vawm a ni. 13 A thlarauin vânte a chei mawi a; a kut chuan rul hrual chu a siam ta a ni.
- (Sam 74:13,14) I chakna hmangin tuifinriat chu i then a: Tuiah chuan dragon lu i tikehsawm a . 14 Leviathan lute chu in tikehsawm a, thlalera chengte chaw atan i pe a.
- (Sam 91:13) Sakeibaknei leh sakeibaknei chu i rap tur a ni: Sakeibaknei no leh sakeibaknei chu i ke hnuaiah i rap ang.
- (Isa 30:6) Khawchhak ramsa phurrit: buaina leh hrehawmna ramah, sakeibaknei naupang leh upa, rul leh rul meipui thlawk chhuak , an hausakna chu sabengtung note kekawrteah an phur ang a, an ro hlute chu sanghawngsei rual chungah an phur ang a, an hlawkna tur awm lo hnam hnenah .
- (De 32:32,33) An grêp hrui chu Sodom grêp hrui leh Gomorra grêp hrui aṭanga lo chhuak a ni si a: An grêp chu grêp hrui a ni a, an grêp chu a thû a ni. 33 An uain chu dragon rimtui , savawm rimchhia a ni.
- (Neh 2:13) Tin, zanah chuan ruam kawngka bulah, dragon tuikhuah hmaah te, bawlhhlawh kawtthler bulah te ka chhuak a, Jerusalem kulh chim tawhte chu ka en a, a kulh kawngkharte chu meiin a kangral vek a.
- (Isaia 51:9) Aw LALPA kut, harh la, harh la, chakna pe rawh; hmân lai ang bawkin, hmân lai thlah kal zelah pawh harh rawh. Rahabi tikehsawmtu, dragon hliamtu kha nangmah i ni lo vem ni?
- (Isaia 27:1) Chumi niah chuan LALPA chuan a khandaih na tak leh lian tak leh chak tak hmangin rulpui hrual leviathan chu a hrem ang a, rul hrual leviathan pawh a hrem ang; tuifinriata dragon chu a that ang.
- (Jer 51:34) Babulon lal Nebukadrezzara chuan mi ei zo ta a, min tikehsawm a, bêl hruiah min siam a, dragon angin min ei zo ta , ka chaw tui tak takte chuan a pum a khat a, min hnawt chhuak ta a ni.
Thuthlung Hlui Apocrypha leh dragon te . Thuthlung Hluia Apocrypha hi engtin nge ni ang? Anni pawh hian dragon chungchang sawina engemaw zat an nei a, chu chu thilsiam lem ni lovin, rannung tak tak anga ngaih a ni. Sirak Lehkhabu ziaktu hian a nupui sual bula awm ai chuan, sakeibaknei leh Sakeibaknei bula awm a duh zawk dan a ziak a. Estheri Lehkhabua belhchhahte chuan Mordekaia (Bible-a Mordekaia) mumang chungchang a sawi a, chutih lai chuan dragon lian tak tak pahnih a hmu a. Daniela pawh hian Sakawlh lian tak a hmachhawn a, chu chu Babulon mite chuan an biak thin a ni. Hei hian heng rannungte hi a lian hle thei tih a tilang a ni.
- (Siraka 25:16) Hmeichhe sual bula in neih ai chuan sakeibaknei leh sakeibaknei bula awm ka duh zawk .
- (Salomona finna 16:10) Nimahsela, i fapate erawh chuan dragon rimtui hate ngei pawhin an hneh lo: I khawngaihna chuan an chungah a awm reng a, a tidam thin si a.
- (Siraka 43:25) Chutah chuan thil mak leh mak tak tak, rannung chi hrang hrang leh whale siam chi hrang hrang a awm si a.
- (Additions to Estheri 1:1,4,5,6) Juda mi, Benjamin hnam zinga mi Mordekaia chu Juda lal Jehoiakina nen salah an hruai a, Babulon lal Nebukadnezzara’n Jerusalem a lak khan. Mordekaia hi Kisa leh Simeia thlah Jaira fapa a ni. 4 A mumangah chuan thawm leh buaina nasa tak a awm a, ri nasa tak leh lirnghing a awm a, leiah hian buaina rapthlak tak a awm a. 5 Chutah chuan dragon lian tak tak pahnih, indo tûra inpeih tawhte chu an lo lang ta a . 6 Anni chuan thawm râpthlâk tak an siam a , hnam zawng zawng chu Pathian hnam mi felte do tûrin an inpeih ta a.
- (Additions to Daniel, Bel and the Dragon 1:23-30) Chu hmunah chuan dragon lian tak a awm a , chu chu Babulon mite chuan an biak thin. 24 Tin, lal chuan Daniela hnênah, “Hei hi dâr a ni i ti ve em?” lo, a nung a, a ei a, a in a ; pathian nung a ni lo tih i sawi thei lo vang: chuvangin chibai buk rawh. 25 Tin, Daniela chuan lal hnênah, “Lalpa ka Pathian chu ka chibai bûk ang, ani chu Pathian nung a ni si a,” a ti a. 26 Aw lal, phalna mi pe la, he dragon hi khandaih leh tiang tel lovin ka that ang. Lal chuan, “Ka phalsak che,” a ti a. 27 Chutichuan, Daniela chuan sam te, thau te, sam te chu a la a, a hnim khawm a, a hmin a, chu chu dragon kâah a dah a, chutichuan dragon chu a puak darh ta a: tin, Daniela chuan, “Ngai teh u, heng pathiante hi in biakte chu an ni,” a ti a. 28 Babulon mite chuan chu chu an hriatin an thinrim hle a, “Lal chu Juda-ah a lo chang ta a, Bel-a chu a tiboral ta a, dragon chu a that a, puithiamte chu a that ta a ni,” tiin lal chungah an inrawlh ta a. 29 Chutichuan lal hnênah an va kal a, “Daniela min chhanchhuak la, chuti lo chuan nang leh i chhûngte kan tichhe vek ang,” an ti a. 30 Tin, lal chuan an nawr nasa hle tih a hriat chuan Daniela chu an kutah a pe ta a.
REFERENCES:
1. J. Morgan: The End of Science: Facing the Limits of Knowledge in the Twilight of Scientific Age (1996). Reading: Addison-Wesley 2. Thoralf Gulbrandsen: Puuttuva rengas, p. 100,101 3. Stephen Jay Gould: The Panda’s Thumb, (1988), p. 182,183. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. 4. Niles Eldredge (1985): “Evolutionary Tempos and Modes: A Paleontological Perspective” teoksessa Godrey (toim.) What Darwin Began: Modern Darwinian and non-Darwinian Perspectives on Evolution 5. George Mc Cready Price: New Geology, lainaus A.M Rehnwinkelin kirjasta Flood, p. 267, 278 6. Kimmo Pälikkö: Taustaa 2, Kehitysopin kulisseista, p. 927. 7. Kimmo Pälikkö: Taustaa 2, Kehitysopin kulisseista, p. 194 8. Pekka Reinikainen: Unohdettu Genesis, p. 173, 184 9. Stephen Jay Gould: Catastrophes and steady state earth, Natural History, 84(2):15-16 / Ref. 6, p. 115. 10. Thoralf Gulbrandsen: Puuttuva rengas, p. 81 11. Toivo Seljavaara: Oliko vedenpaisumus ja Nooan arkki mahdollinen, p. 28 12. Uuras Saarnivaara: Voiko Raamattuun luottaa, p. 175-177 13. Scott M. Huse: Evoluution romahdus, p. 24 14. Many dino fossils could have soft tissue inside, Oct 28 2010, news.nationalgeographic.com/news_/2006/02/0221_060221_dino_tissue_2.html 15. Nielsen-March, C., Biomolecules in fossil remains: Multidisciplinary approach to endurance, The Biochemist 24(3):12-14, June 2002 ; www.biochemist.org/bio/_02403/0012/024030012.pdf 16. Pekka Reinikainen: Darwin vai älykäs suunnitelma?, p. 88 17. Pekka Reinikainen: Dinosaurusten arvoitus ja Raamattu, p. 111 18. Pekka Reinikainen: Dinosaurusten arvoitus ja Raamattu, p. 114,115 19. http://creation.com/redirect.php?http://www. youtube.com/watch?v=QbdH3l1UjPQ 20. Matti Leisola: Evoluutiouskon ihmemaassa, p.146 21. J.S. Shelton: Geology illustrated 22. Pentti Eskola: Muuttuva maa, p. 114 23. Carl Wieland: Kiviä ja luita (Stones and Bones), p. 11 24. Pekka Reinikainen: Unohdettu Genesis, p. 179, 224 25. Wiljam Aittala: Kaikkeuden sanoma, p. 198 26. Kalle Taipale: Levoton maapallo, p. 78 27. Mikko Tuuliranta: Koulubiologia jakaa disinformaatiota, in book Usko ja tiede, p. 131,132 28. Francis Hitching: Arvoitukselliset tapahtumat (The World Atlas of Mysteries), p. 159 29. Pentti Eskola: Muuttuva maa, p. 366 30. Siteeraus kirjasta: Pekka Reinikainen: Dinosaurusten arvoitus ja Raamattu, p. 47 31. Scott M. Huse: Evoluution romahdus, p. 25 32. Pekka Reinikainen: Dinosaurusten arvoitus ja Raamattu, p. 90
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Jesus is the way, the truth and the life
Grap to eternal life!
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Other Google Translate machine translations:
Kum maktaduai tam tak / dinosaur / mihring evolution? |
