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This is a machine translation made by Google Translate and has not been checked. There may be errors in the text. On the right, there are more links to translations made by Google Translate. In addition, you can read other articles in your own language when you go to my English website (Jari's writings), select an article there and transfer its web address to Google Translate (https://translate.google.com/?sl=en&tl=fi&op=websites).
Euthanasia ndi zizindikiro za nthawi
Phunzirani zomwe euthanasia imatanthauza, ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito kulungamitsa, ndi komwe kuvomereza kumatsogolera
Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za euthanasia, kapena imfa yachifundo, yomwe kwenikweni imatanthauza kufa kwa wodwala amene moyo wake kapena anthu ena sakuona kuti ndi wofunika kukhala nawo. Ndinkhani yomwe nthawi zina imabukanso anthu ena akafuna kuti ivomerezedwe. Cholinga chingakhale kusiya kuvutika, zifukwa zandalama, kapena kusunga ulemu mu imfa. Mawu ofunikira m'derali ndi awa:
Euthanasia yodzifunira imatanthauza kupha munthu pa pempho la mwini wake. Zimafanana ndi kudzipha kothandizidwa.
Euthanasia yosakhala yodzifunira imatanthauza kupha munthu pokhulupirira kuti ndi bwino kuti afe. Anthu ena amasankha zimenezo chifukwa chakuti wozunzidwayo satha kufotokoza maganizo awo.
Euthanasia yosadziwika ndi kupha munthu popanda kufuna kwawo.
Active euthanasia amatanthauza kupha munthu kudzera muzochita, monga kupereka poizoni wakupha.
Passive euthanasia amatanthauza kufulumizitsa imfa mwa kusiya mankhwala kapena kulepheretsa kupeza zakudya ndi madzi. Mwamakhalidwe sikuli kutali ndi euthanasia yogwira ntchito, popeza kuti zonse zimayenera kutha ndi imfa.
Koma momwe tingayandikire mutu wovutawu, womwe ukukhudza mafunso ozama kwambiri a moyo: tanthauzo la moyo wa munthu, kuvutika ndi anansi? Izi ndi zinthu zomwe zili pansipa. Cholinga chake ndikukambilana koyamba zotsutsana zomwe zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito poteteza euthanasia.
Kodi moyo waphindu ndi chiyani ? Chimodzi mwa zifukwa za euthanasia chakhala chakuti ngati munthu ali ndi chilema chachikulu kapena matenda, zimamulepheretsa kukhala ndi moyo wolemekezeka ndi watanthauzo. Amaganiza kuti moyo wake sungakhale wokhutiritsa ndi wosangalala. Komabe, funso lofunika kwambiri nlakuti ndani amene amalongosola mkhalidwe wa moyo wa munthu? Mwachitsanzo, anthu ambiri olumala chibadwire (monga Down syndrome) akhoza kukhala osangalala ndi kukhutitsidwa pa moyo wawo. Angathe kubweretsa chisangalalo m’malo awo, ngakhale kuti moyo wawo ungakhale wopereŵerapo kuposa ena. N’kulakwa kunena kuti sakhala ndi moyo watanthauzo. Ngati tiyesa kufunikira kwathu kokha mukuchita bwino, ndiye kuti timayiwala umunthu. Nanga bwanji za mankhwala opha ululu ndi chithandizo chamankhwala cha moyo wabwino? Ndizodabwitsa kuti mkangano wa euthanasia wangobwera masiku ano, pamene mikhalidwe yochepetsera ululu imakhala yabwino kuposa kale lonse. Tsopano n'zosavuta kuthetsa ululu wakuthupi pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Anthu ambiri amene avulala pangozi kapena amene anamva ululu akhoza kuzigwiritsa ntchito kuti akhale ndi moyo wokhutiritsa. Kaŵirikaŵiri, vuto si ululu, koma kuvutika maganizo, kumene kumapangitsa munthu kufuna kufa. Komabe, n'zotheka kuchira kupsinjika maganizo, ndipo ululu ukhoza kuchotsedwanso muzochitika zovuta kwambiri kudzera mu anesthesia. Aliyense akhoza kukhala ndi nthawi ya kupsinjika maganizo ndi kupweteka kwa thupi pa moyo wake wonse. Ena anganenenso kuti amayamikira kupatsidwa nthawi yochuluka yokhala ndi chithandizo cha makina opumira ndi machubu (chowonjezera pamwezi kuchokera ku Helsingin Sanomat, 1992 / 7 - nkhani "Eläköön elämä" [Hurrah life]) - yomwe ambiri othandizira a euthanasia amaona kuti ndizotsitsa komanso zosayenera ku ulemu wa munthu. Choncho, n’kulakwa kulankhula m’malo mwa anthu onse, kuti matenda ena kapena kulumala kumawalepheretsa kukhala ndi moyo wabwino. Anthu omwewo mwina pambuyo pake achira kwathunthu kapena kudzuka ku chikomokere chakuya patatha miyezi ingapo. Milandu yotereyi imadziwikanso.
Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, anthu amaika anthu abwino komanso anzeru pamtundu wa moyo wabwino, ngakhale kuti nthawi zina amakhala osasangalala. Kumbali ina, anthu amaona kuti moyo wa anthu osauka ndi wotsika, ngakhale kuti nthawi zina amakhala okhutira kwambiri. (1)
Kudzudzula kofunikira kotsutsana ndi chithandizo kungaganizidwe kuti nthawi zambiri kumanena za malingaliro a munthu woyenerera komanso wathanzi ku chithandizo cha matenda oopsa. Ndizodziwika bwino kuti malingaliro a anthu amasintha pankhaniyi. Munthu wathanzi sapanga zosankha zofanana ndi za munthu wodwala. Pamene nthawi ya moyo ikucheperachepera, moyo nthawi zambiri umakhala wofunika kwambiri. Dokotala wina wodwala khansa anaumiriza mnzakeyo kuti adzibayire yekha jekeseni wakupha pamene nthendayo inakula. Ndiyeno, pamene khansayo inakula, wodwalayo anachita mantha ndipo sanakhulupirire kotero kuti anakana ngakhale jakisoni wochepetsa ululu. Komabe, odwala ambiri olumala kwambiri amasankha moyo m’malo mwa imfa. Ngoziyo itachitika, m'modzi yekha mwa atetraplegics (quadriplegics) omwe adapulumutsidwa ndi makina opangira mpweya amafuna kuti aloledwe kufa. Odwala awiri anali osatsimikizika, koma 18 adalakalaka kuti athandizidwenso kwakanthawi kochepa ngati kuli kofunikira. (2) (3)
Anthu olumala komanso osakhala olumala m'dera lathu safunikiranso kulimbikitsidwa kwa chithunzi cha umunthu chomwe chapangidwira kwa ife ndi amalonda onyenga ndi otsatsa mpikisano, masewera, thanzi, kukongola, moyo wosavuta - ndi imfa yosavuta. .. Amayesanso nthawi zonse kutiuza kuti chisangalalo ndi kuvutika sizingafanane mwa munthu yemweyo komanso m'moyo womwewo kapena imfa nthawi imodzi. Amatiuza kuti munthu wolumala ndi wolumala chabe osati nthawi yomweyo wathanzi komanso munthu ndi zina zambiri. Chida chofunika kwambiri posunga maganizo a amene ali ndi mphamvu ndi lingaliro lakuti kusowa thandizo ndi kudalira ndi zinthu zoipa chabe. Momwemonso, chida chowopsa chimakambanso za moyo wabwino - omwe ali ndi mphamvu amanena kuti pali chinthu choterocho ndiyeno amatanthauzira chomwe chiri. Lero, Woyimilira ndi wophatikiza malingaliro ambiri ndi Jorma Palo pamene akulemba za kunyozedwa monga zovuta kwambiri zokhudzana ndi kulemala. Kunyozeka kumafika kwa anthu ambiri pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana pa nthawi ina m'miyoyo yawo. Tikudziwa kuti kunyozedwa kungayesedwe kuthawa ndikukana kapena kubwezera, koma ndi ochepa kwambiri a ife omwe timazindikira kuti tingakumane maso ndi maso komanso osathawa. Tilibe chithunzi chomwe chingapezeke m'maganizo pamene kuli kofunikira, momwe tingakulire pakati pa manyazi ndikupeza chinthu chatsopano ndi chofunikira. Ndithudi, ndi chinthu chosiyana kotheratu kuti si bwino kunyozetsa munthu wina. M’malingaliro mwanga, zochita za Palo mwiniyo zayandikira kale kuchititsa manyazi anthu olumala kwambiri. Komabe, moyo weniweniwo ndi wochititsa manyazi, mosiyana ndi munthu amene amachita zoipa. Ngakhale munthu wolumala amene akusamalidwa amaona kuti zinthu ndi zosiyana kwambiri malinga ndi mmene munthu wina amene akumusamalira amachitira naye. (4)
Chitsanzo china chimasonyeza mmene anthu angaganizire mosiyana kwambiri akakhala athanzi kusiyana ndi pamene alephera kugwira ntchito. Anthu ambiri odwala quadriplegics ankafuna kukhala ndi moyo. Nthawi zambiri si matenda omwe amakhudza chikhumbo chokhala ndi moyo, koma kukhumudwa. Ngakhale anthu athanzi amatha kuvutika maganizo.
Pakufufuza kwina, achichepere athanzi anafunsidwa ngati angafune kutsitsimutsidwa ndi chisamaliro champhamvu ngati atati achite ngozi kwachikhalire. Pafupifupi onse anayankha kuti kuli bwino kufa. Pamene achichepere 60 okhala ndi quadriplegia, amene analemala mwadzidzidzi, anafunsidwa, mmodzi yekha wa iwo ananena kuti sanayenera kutsitsimutsidwa. Awiri sanathe kuyankha, koma wina aliyense ankafuna kukhala ndi moyo. Anapeza moyo watanthauzo ngakhale atafa ziwalo. (5)
Chuma. Euthanasia yatsimikiziridwanso ndi zifukwa zachuma. Ndiwo mkangano wina waukulu womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandizira euthanasia. Mtsutso womwewu unagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi chipani cha Nazi pofalitsa zabodza. Komabe, pali chifukwa chokayikira kuwerengera za chithandizo chamankhwala ndi ndalama zina. Kuchepetsa mtengo sikungathetsedwe konse:
Monga mwanthawi zonse, akauntanti akungotizembera, ali ndi zida zankhondo ndi zofuna zachipongwe kuti achepetse ndalama. Zoonadi, zikanatheka ngati aliyense ali ndi zofuna za chisamaliro, ngati chisamaliro cha odwala chikakonzedwa bwino kwambiri, ndipo ngati "chosafunikira" (tidzabweranso kudzalingalira tanthauzo la liwulo posachedwa) chithandizo chinaimitsidwa. Mu February 1994, Emanuel ndi Emanuel a ku Harvard Medical School anasindikiza ndemanga yowonjezereka ya nkhani zolembedwa pa mutu umenewu padziko lonse lapansi ndipo anamaliza kuti: “Palibe munthu aliyense amene angawononge ndalama pamapeto a moyo wake - kaya zokhudzana ndi zofuna zachipatala, chisamaliro chachipatala kapena kutha kwa chithandizo. chisamaliro chosafunikira - ndizokhazikika. Chilichonse chimalozera njira yofanana: kusungirako njira zachipatala zokhudzana ndi kutha kwa moyo sikofunikira. Mtengo womwe mwina ukhoza kupulumutsidwa pochepetsa mwamakani, Njira zochirikizira moyo kwa odwala omwe amwalira ndi pafupifupi 3.3% ya ndalama zonse zachipatala. ” Zochuluka zopulumutsa pakufa; kuchokera kumachitidwe okhwima ogwiritsira ntchito machitidwe okhwima kupita ku zovuta, zovuta zamoyo zomwe zilipo pakalipano pamtsutso wa zaumoyo. Ngakhale m'dera limodzi lovutali, tsopano tikupunthwa. (6)
Kuŵerengera pa chithandizo chamankhwala ndi ndalama zina motero tingakayikire. Ngakhale, ndizowona kuti pali ndalama zogulira mankhwala monga malipiro, ndi zina zotero, ndalama zomwezo zidzabwereranso m'magulu. Ogwira ntchito m'chipatala amalipira misonkho, kugula chakudya ndi katundu (zonse kuphatikizapo msonkho wamtengo wapatali) monga anthu ena. Njira ina ndiyo kuwachotsa ntchito ndi kulipira malipiro a ulova, koma kodi zimenezo ziri zomveka? Zingangowonjezera kusowa kwa ntchito komanso kubweretsa chuma kuti chiyime. Ponseponse ingakhale njira yovutirapo. Ntchito zitha kuonjezedwa polemba antchito ochulukirapo m'gawo lazaumoyo, pomwe antchito ambiri omwe akugwira ntchito pano ndi ochuluka. Ngati msonkho wina wa okhometsa msonkho ku Finland, mwachitsanzo, (ogwira ntchito 2 miliyoni, ndalama zapakati pa 35 000 euro) zikadakwezedwa ndi 0,5 peresenti ndipo zikanagwiritsidwa ntchito kulembera antchito ochulukirapo, zitha kuwonjezera ntchito ndi ca. Anthu 7000 (palibe ngongole yomwe iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito polemba ganyu). Ndalamazi zimabwereranso kumagulu ndi anthu monga misonkho ndi malipiro ena. Mu mzinda ngati Helsinki (500 000 okhalamo) angatanthauze ca. Ogwira ntchito atsopano 700, ndipo m'malo ngati Lahti (100 000 okhalamo) antchito atsopano 140, motsatana. Ngati msonkho wolipira udakwezedwa ndi 0,25%, zitha kutanthauza theka la manambala awa. Ogwira ntchito ambiriwa omwe amalowa m'chipatala angapangitse kugwira ntchito kukhala kosangalatsa komanso kupereka mwayi wopereka chisamaliro chaumunthu kwa akulu ndi odwala. Zikuoneka kuti anthu ambiri ndi okonzeka kupereka misonkho yowonjezereka kuti akwaniritse ntchito zabwino.
Mbiri ndi mankhwala. Kuzindikira mbiri ya zamankhwala kumayiko akumadzulo kumavumbula kuti idakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi Hippocratic Oath, miyambo yomangidwa mozungulira iyo, komanso malingaliro amakhalidwe abwino ochokera ku kumvetsetsa kwachikhristu kwa umunthu. Mbali zimenezi zakhudza kwambiri moyo wa munthu kuyambira pachiyambi, mwachitsanzo, kuyambira pamene anatenga pakati. Mfundo zofunika kwambiri zaphatikizapo kupulumutsa miyoyo ya anthu ndi kuchepetsa ululu m'njira yabwino kwambiri. Njira imeneyi ikuonekera m’buku la Finnish Medical Association lotchedwa Lääkärin etiikka [Makhalidwe a Dokotala], lomwe limatsindika kuti wodwala sayenera kusiyidwa popanda chithandizo:
Njira zotalikitsa moyo zingachotsedwe pamene imfa ikuyembekezeredwadi ndipo wodwalayo sangathe kuchiritsidwa. Izi zatchedwa thandizo lopanda pake la imfa, koma ndi funso la ntchito ya dokotala wamba, kumene zisankho ziyenera kupangidwa nthawi zonse kuti asankhe njira yoyenera yothandizira wodwalayo. Kumbali ina, euthanasia yogwira, mwachitsanzo, imfa yofulumira, ingakhale ikuchita mogwirizana ndi pempho la wodwalayo pamene akufuna kuphedwa. Maganizo ambiri a madokotala okhudza kuthandizidwa kufa ku Finland ndi onyansa. Mfundo zachikhalidwe za dokotala sizivomereza kugwiritsa ntchito luso lachipatala kupha munthu mwadala. Lamulo la Zaupandu limapereka chilango choopsa ngati munthu wapha munthu, ngakhale atachita kufuna kwa iye mwini. Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti lingaliro lonse la euthanasia liyenera kusiyidwa, chifukwa limangopereka lingaliro lakuti dokotala akuchititsa imfa ya wodwalayo mmalo mwa matenda. Pali matenda omwe sangathe kuchiritsidwa, koma wodwalayo samasiyidwa popanda chithandizo. (7)
Kodi zinthu zili bwanji masiku ano? Magulu ambiri afilosofi akufuna kuwononga miyambo yabwino ndi yotetezeka yomwe yakhala ikufala muzamankhwala kwazaka zambiri. Chinthu choyamba chotsatira njira imeneyi chinali kufuna kuvomereza kuchotsa mimba mwalamulo. Sizinafunsidwe ndi magulu azachipatala, koma ndi anthu omwe amatsatira chikhalidwe chodzikonda cha zosangalatsa. Iwo ankaona kuti palibe vuto kupha mwana ngati wachita zinthu mogwirizana ndi zimene makolowo akufuna. Masiku ano, pafupifupi kuchotsa mimba kulikonse kumachitika chifukwa cha chikhalidwe cha anthu, osati chifukwa chakuti moyo wa mayi ungakhale pachiswe. Mwachitsanzo ku India ndi ku China ana aakazi akuphedwa pochotsa mimba, m’maiko a Azungu amuna ndi akazi amaphedwa.(Ku India kuli akazi 914 okha pa amuna 1,000 aliwonse. Popeza kuti n’kotheka kuyang’ana kugonana kwa mwana wosabadwayo msanga, kwachititsa mamiliyoni ambiri kutaya mimba kwa atsikana osabadwa.) Kodi njira yatsopano ndi yotani? N’zosakayikitsa kuti kuvomereza kuphedwa kwa mwana m’mimba mwa mayiyo kudzachititsa kuti nayenso avomerezedwe kunja kwa chiberekero. Kulingaliridwa moyenerera kuti ngati kupha mwana m’mimba kuli koyenera, nchifukwa ninji payenera kukhala kusiyana kochitira kunja kwa chiberekero. M’maiko ena mwakhala kale makambitsirano a kuthetsa moyo wa makanda obadwa kumene olumala kwambiri, odwala chikomokere, ndi olumala kwambiri. Mfundo zofanana zomwe zinagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza kuchotsa mimba zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandizira euthanasia. Pamene kukambitsirana kukupita patsogolo, n’zotheka kuti malirewo akuchulukirachulukira ponena za chimene chimapanga moyo watanthauzo. Magulu afilosofi akutenga chitukuko ndi kukambirana momwe kufunikira kwa moyo waumunthu kukutaya kufunika kwake mochulukirapo.(Ku Holland, kumene mchitidwewu wapitirizidwa kwambiri, okalamba oposa gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi ananena kuti amawopa kuti madokotala awo angawaphe iwo osafuna.” [8] Anthu zikwizikwi amanyamula khadi m’matumba awo mmenemo limene limatchula kuti iwo samatero. akufuna kuphedwa mosafuna ngati agonekedwa m’chipatala.) Albert Schweitzer anati:
Munthu akasiya kulemekeza moyo wamtundu uliwonse, amasiya kulemekeza moyo wonse. (9)
Chitukuko chamakono si maganizo atsopano kapena amakono. Tikabwerera ku Germany m’zaka za m’ma 1920 ndi m’ma 1930, m’menemo munali mkhalidwe wofananawo ngakhale chipani cha Nazi chisanayambe kulamulira. Hitler sanalenge njira iyi yoganizira, koma idachokera pagome la anthanthi. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri chinali makamaka buku lofalitsidwa ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo Alfred Hoche ndi woweruza Karl Bilding kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1920, lomwe linalankhula za anthu opanda pake komanso moyo wosayenerera. Zimenezo ndi zokopa za Nazi zinatsegula njira kwa anthu kuvomereza lingaliro la moyo wotsikirapo. Zonse zinayamba kuchokera pa chiyambi chaching'ono. Mikhalidwe yonga ngati chiphunzitso chaumulungu chaufulu ndi chisinthiko nazonso zinasonkhezeredwa kwambiri m’mbuyomo. Iwo anali ndi chithandizo chochuluka ku Germany kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900.
Zinali zoonekeratu kwa anthu amene ankafufuza zaupandu wankhondo kuti kuphana kumeneku kunayamba chifukwa cha kusintha pang’ono kwa maganizo. Pachiyambi njira ya madokotala inangosintha pang'ono. Lingaliro la moyo wosayenerera kukhala ndi moyo linavomerezedwa. Poyamba izi zinkakhudza anthu odwala matenda aakulu okha. Pang'onopang'ono, kuchuluka kwa anthu, omwe ankaonedwa kuti ndi ophedwa, kunakula mpaka anthu opanda phindu, omwe anali ndi malingaliro osiyana, a tsankho ndipo potsirizira pake kwa onse omwe sanali Ajeremani. Ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti lingaliro ili lidayamba kuchokera ku kusintha kwakung'ono kwa malingaliro kwa odwala opanda chiyembekezo, omwe amaganiziridwa kuti satha kukonzanso. Choncho, kusintha kwakung'ono kwa maganizo a dokotala n'koyenera kuunikanso. (10) Kodi chitukuko chimachitika bwanji? Pamene pakhala kusintha kwa anthu m'dera la makhalidwe - kuvomereza kuchotsa mimba, kugonana kwaufulu, ndi zina zotero - kusinthako nthawi zambiri kumatsatira ndondomeko yofanana. Chitsanzochi chabwerezedwa kangapo ndipo chachititsa kuti anthu asinthe maganizo. Muchitsanzo ichi, njira zofunika kwambiri ndi izi:
1 . Anthu opokosera ochepa amalengeza za makhalidwe atsopano, akumakana khalidwe limene anthu akhala akuona kuti n’loyenera kwa zaka zambiri. Zimenezi zinachitika chakumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 1960, pamene lingaliro la kugonana kwaufulu ndi kuchotsa mimba linalengezedwa. Mofananamo, kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, kumene kale kunkaonedwa kuti n’kolakwika ndipo anthu ankati kunachitika chifukwa cha mmene zinthu zilili, masiku ano anthu amaona kuti n’koyenera. Euthanasia ndi chinthu chimodzi chofananira muzokambiranazi:
Ndinakhala kutali ndi kwathu kwa zaka zitatu, zaka za 1965 mpaka 1968. Pamene ndinabwerera m’dzinja la 1968, ndinadabwa kwambiri ndi kusintha kumene kunachitika m’nyengo ya kukambitsirana kwapoyera. Izi zinkakhudzanso kamvekedwe ka zokambirana komanso kaganizidwe ka mafunso. (...) M’dziko la ophunzira, awo amene ankafuna kulungamitsidwa kwa maubwenzi ogonana ndiwo anali kuwomba trombones mokweza. Iwo anaumirira, mwachitsanzo, kuti anyamata ndi atsikana aziloledwa kukhalira limodzi m’nyumba zogona zapayunivesite ngakhale kuti sanakwatirane. Zinkawoneka kuti Chigwirizano cha Achinyamata chinalandidwa ndi atsogoleri atsopano omwe adalengeza osati socialism ndi demokalase ya sukulu, komanso lingaliro la maubwenzi omasuka a kugonana. Zonsezi, chomwe chinali chatsopano chinali chakuti magulu ofotokozera adakhazikitsidwa omwe amalankhula momasuka kwambiri za nkhani za amuna kapena akazi kuposa momwe zinalili kale pagulu, akudzudzula anthu ndi Tchalitchi kuti amatsatira mfundo ziwiri. (11)
2. Ofalitsa nkhani amapereka mwayi kwa oimira makhalidwe atsopano, kuwaganizira ngati ngwazi zamtundu wina:
Maanja omwe amakhala mosagwirizana ndi malamulo adafunsidwa pagulu ngati ngwazi zamtundu watsopano zomwe zidalimba mtima kutsutsana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu osokonekera. Momwemonso, ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha adafunsidwa ndipo kuchotsa mimba kwaulere kudayitanidwa (12)
3. Mavoti a Gallup amatsimikizira kusintha kwa njira. Pamene anthu ambiri akutembenukira kuti athandizire mchitidwe watsopanowu, zimakhudza ena omwe amawerenga zisankhozi.
4. Gawo lachinayi ndi pamene aphungu amatsimikizira mchitidwe watsopano, ndikuwuona kuti ndi wolondola, ngakhale kuti chinthu chomwecho chakhala chikuwoneka ngati cholakwika kwa zaka zambiri. William Booth, woyambitsa wa Salvation Army, ananeneratu kuti izi zidzachitika Yesu asanabwerenso. Pakhoza kukhala oweruza amene salemekeza Mulungu ndi malamulo ake ngakhale pang’ono. Ndizovuta kukana kuti chitukuko chapita mbali iyi.
1. “Pamenepo padzakhala ndale popanda Mulungu... Tsiku lidzafika pamene ndondomeko ya boma ya dziko lonse la Azungu idzakhala yakuti palibenso aliyense pamlingo uliwonse wolamulira amene adzawopenso Mulungu... mbadwo watsopano wa atsogoleri andale. udzalamulira Ulaya, m’badwo umene sudzakhalanso woopa Mulungu ngakhale pang’ono;
Kupha. Poteteza euthanasia, mawu okoma monga chikondi, imfa yolemekezeka, imfa yothandizira, imfa yosavuta, imfa yabwino kapena kudzimasula ku moyo wosayenerera kukhala nawo nthawi zambiri angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Mawu omwewo amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga momwe chipani cha Nazi chinagwiritsidwira ntchito pofalitsa zabodza mu 1930s. Komabe, milandu yapitayi ndi yokhudza kupha munthu. Komanso, tikamakamba za imfa yabwino kapena yolemekezeka, tanthauzo lake ndi moyo. Moyo mu mphindi zomaliza ukhoza kukhala wabwino kapena woipa, koma imfa yokha ndiyo malire a aliyense ndipo imachitika nthawi yomweyo. Kugwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo ndikofunikira, ndipo izi ndi zomwe mawu otsatirawa akunena. Mawu ozungulira amatipangitsa kumva chifundo mosavuta kuposa mawu achindunji.
Mu 2004, bungwe la British Euthanasia Association linasintha dzina lake kukhala Dignity in Dying. Panthawi yolemba, tsamba lawo limapewa mosamala mawu achindunji monga "euthanasia", "kudzipha" kapena "kupha chifundo". M’malo mwake, mawu osamveka bwino onga akuti “imfa yaulemu yokhala ndi kuvutika kochepa monga momwe kungathekere,” “kukhoza kusankha ndi kulamulira mmene timafera,” “kuthandiza imfa” ndi “chigamulo chothetsa kuvutika kumene kwakhala kosapiririka” anagwiritsiridwa ntchito m’malo mwake. Sikuti aliyense amakhutira ndi njira imeneyi. Wothirira ndemanga wina wa Daily Telegraph anati: “Limanena chinachake pamene bungwe liyenera kudzitchula lokha ndi mawu ozungulira. Bungwe la Euthanasia Society tsopano likukonzekera kudzitcha Ulemu M’kufa. Ndani pakati pathu amene sangafune kufa ndi ulemu? amakhulupirira kuti olimbikitsa euthanasia (inde!) amawopa kunena mwachindunji zomwe akuyendetsa, kupha anthu. ” (13) Namwino wina wachipatala analabadira kulongosola kwa kudzipha kothandizidwa ndi liwu lakuti “kufa kothandizidwa”: “Azamba amathandizira pakubala, ndipo anamwino osamalira odwala amathandiza ndi chisamaliro chapadera chochepa. Kuthandiza sikufanana ndi kupha. za ife amene timapereka chisamaliro chabwino cha mapeto a moyo.Ndi chinyengo chimene kupha kumayeretsedwa kuti kukhale kovomerezeka kwa anthu onse.Zikutanthauza kuti munthu akhoza kufa ndi ulemu pokhapokha ataphedwa. (14) (15)
Ndipotu, mu euthanasia ndi funso la kupha kapena kudzipha. Siziganiziranso kuthekera kwakuti ndife anthu amuyaya, kuti tidzaweruzidwa chifukwa cha zochita zathu, ndi kuti ambanda adzaweruzidwa kunja kwa ufumu wa Mulungu. Ena angatsutse zimenezi, koma kodi angatsimikizire bwanji kuti mavesi otsatirawa sali oona? Ayenera kutengedwa mozama komanso osapeputsa:
( Marko 7:21-23 ) Pakuti mkati mwa mitima ya anthu mumatuluka maganizo oipa, za chigololo, zachiwerewere, zakupha. 22 Kuba, kusirira, kuipa, kunyenga, zonyansa, diso loipa, mwano, kunyada, kupusa; 23 Zoyipa zonsezi zimachokera mkati, ndipo zimayipitsa munthu.
- ( 1 Tim 1:9 ) Podziwa ichi, kuti chilamulo sichinaikidwira munthu wolungama, koma osamvera malamulo, ndi osamvera, osapembedza, ndi ochimwa, osayera ndi amwano, akupha atate ndi amapha amayi; kwa akupha,
- ( 1 Yohane 3:15 ) Aliyense amene amadana ndi m’bale wake ndi wakupha munthu.
(Chibvumbulutso 21:8) Koma amantha, ndi osakhulupirira, ndi onyansa, ndi ambanda, ndi adama, ndi anyanga, ndi opembedza mafano, ndi onse abodza, gawo lawo lidzakhala m’nyanja yoyaka moto ndi sulfure. imfa yachiwiri.
- (Chiv 22:15) Pakuti kunja kuli agalu, ndi anyanga, ndi adama, ndi ambanda, ndi opembedza mafano, ndi aliyense wokonda ndi kuchita bodza.
Pamene osayenera kuchiza ? Pankhani ya chisamaliro cha omwe amwalira ndi mphindi zomaliza, ndikoyenera kukhazikitsa chisamaliro chachipatala. Izi nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa. Njira ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti wodwala aliyense athe kupeza chisamaliro chabwino komanso payekha pamalo otetezeka, komanso komwe ululu wawo umachepetsedwa. N'zotheka kukwaniritsa izi mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala amakono komanso ngati pali ogwira ntchito anamwino okwanira ndipo ali ndi chilimbikitso choyenera. Ichi chakhala chizoloŵezi ndi cholinga chofala kwa zaka zambiri, mwachitsanzo mu unamwino wa ku Finnish, komanso m'mayiko ena ambiri. Bwanji ponena za mkhalidwe umene mwachiwonekere munthu wafa kale ndipo palibe chiyembekezo chakuti adzachira? (Kawirikawiri, kufa kumatenga maola angapo mpaka masiku angapo. Imfa imayamba pamene munthu akufooka mofulumira ndipo palibe chiyembekezo cha kuchira kwake.) Mu mkhalidwe umenewu, kungakhale koyenera kuletsa chisamaliro cha odwala kwambiri, chifukwa kutero. sizothandiza kapena zingakhale zovulaza. Si euthanasia, koma kuthetsa chithandizo chachabechabe. Ndi bwino kusiyanitsa zinthu ziwirizi. Komabe, ngakhale muzochitika izi, chisamaliro chingatengedwe kuti chichepetse zizindikiro.
Komabe, pakubwera nthawi m'moyo wa wodwala aliyense pamene kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochiritsa kungapweteke kwambiri kuposa zabwino kwa wodwalayo. Pankhaniyi, kuthandizira imfa yabwino komanso yopanda ululu mothandizidwa ndi chisamaliro chachipatala ndi zotsatira zabwino za chithandizo. Komano, chithandizo chosafunikira ndi kutalikitsa imfa ndi vuto lalikulu lachipatala. Ngati chithandizo chosafunika chikasiyidwa, si nkhani ya dokotala amene akugwira ntchito za Mulungu. Kuyimitsa chithandizo mumkhalidwe wotero sikuli kwachilendo kuposa kupeŵa kuyamba chithandizo chosafunika. Mwachibadwa, zisankho zimenezi ziyenera kukambidwa m’gulu la anthu opereka chithandizo, ndipo zifukwa zosiyira chithandizo ndi kusiya kuukitsa akufa ziyenera kumveketsedwa bwino kwa onse okhudzidwa. (16)
Joni Eareckson Tada akufotokozanso zambiri (17):
Imfa ya bambo anga inaphunzitsa banja langa kufunafuna nzeru. Tinkafuna kuthandiza atate wathu kuti akhale ndi moyo mpaka mapeto ndi kuti amwalire, nthawi ikadzakwana. Kupereka chakudya kwa anjala ndi madzi kwa omwe ali ndi ludzu ndizo maziko aumunthu. Ngakhale zinali zoonekeratu kuti bambo anali pafupi kufa, tinkafuna kuwapangitsa kukhala omasuka momwe tingathere. Nzeru za Mulungu zimaphatikizapo chifundo ndi chisoni. Kusamalira anansi ndi limodzi la malamulo otsimikizirika a m’Baibulo. Madokotala, komabe, anauza banja langa kuti nthaŵi zina kudyetsa ndi kupereka madzi kwa wodwala, kaya kumachitidwa pakamwa kapena m’machubu, n’kopanda pake ndipo, pamwamba pa zimenezo, kumapweteka kwa wodwalayo. Rita Marker wochokera ku komiti yogwira ntchito yapadziko lonse yolimbana ndi matenda a euthanasia anati:
Wodwala akakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi imfa, akhoza kukhala mumkhalidwe woti zakumwa zimawonjezera kusapeza kwawo, chifukwa thupi lawo silingathe kuzigwiritsanso ntchito. Chakudya sichigayanso, pamene thupi la munthu limayamba "kutseka" pamene imfa yayamba. Mphindi ikubwera, pamene tinganene kuti munthu akufadi. (18)
Anthu abwino. Pofuna kukhala ndi anthu abwino, kaŵirikaŵiri chinthu chofunika kwambiri chimaikidwa pa nkhani zachuma. Amagogomezedwa kwambiri ndipo phindu lawo silingathe kuchepetsedwa. Ngati chuma sichikuyenda bwino, chikhoza kusokoneza dongosolo la anthu onse. Zimenezi zakhala zikuchitika kangapo m’mbiri yonse. Komabe, chinthu chofunika kwambiri pakupeza chitaganya chabwino ndicho mkhalidwe wamkati wa anthu: kodi amasamalirana kapena mtima wawo wodzala ndi kudzikonda, udani ndi kupanda chikondi? Ndiponsotu, mavuto aakulu m’chitaganya sali a ndalama, koma amadza chifukwa cha maganizo olakwika kwa anansi athu: osauka, odwala, okalamba, alendo, olumala, etc. magulu awa ndi ena. M’gulu la anthu abwino, anthu onse amaganiziridwa ndi kuonedwa kukhala ofunika malinga ndi mmene anakulira, koma kupita njira ina kumapangitsa anthu kukhala osamasuka. Sosaite ikhoza kupita njira iliyonse, kutengera malingaliro omwe amadzaza m'malingaliro a anthu. Tiyeni tione mavesi angapo pa nkhaniyi. Amachita chilungamo ndi malingaliro oyenera kwa mnansi wako. Uphungu umenewu ukatsatiridwa mofala, udzakulitsa ubwino wa anthu onse. Kutsatira malamulo ena kumatsogolera ku njira yomweyo ( Marko 10:19, 20 : Udziwa malamulo Usachite chigololo, Usaphe, Usabe, Usachite umboni wonama, Usanyenge, Lemekeza atate wako ndi amako. Ndipo anayankha nati kwa iye, Mphunzitsi, zonsezi ndinazisunga kuyambira pa ubwana wanga.
Khalidwe la anansi
- ( Mat 22:35-40 ) Pamenepo mmodzi wa iwo, amene anali wachilamulo, anamufunsa funso, kumuyesa, nanena. 36 Mphunzitsi, lamulo lalikulu m’chilamulo ndi liti? 37 Yesu anati kwa iye, Uzikonda Ambuye Mulungu wako ndi mtima wako wonse, ndi moyo wako wonse, ndi nzeru zako zonse. 38 Ili ndilo lamulo lalikulu ndi loyamba. 39 Ndipo lachiwiri lofanana nalo ndi ili, Uzikonda mzako monga udzikonda iwe mwini. 40 Pa malamulo awa awiri pakukhazikika chilamulo chonse ndi aneneri.
- (Agalatiya 6:2) Nyamuliranani zothodwetsa, ndipo kotero mukwaniritse chilamulo cha Khristu.
Osauka
( Marko 14:6, 7 ) Ndipo Yesu anati, Mlekeni ; ukumuvutitsa bwanji? Wandigwirira ntchito yabwino. 7 Pakuti aumphawi muli nawo pamodzi ndi inu masiku onse, ndipo pamene pali ponse mufuna mukhoza kuwachitira zabwino; koma ine simuli ndi Ine nthawi zonse.
- ( 1 Yohane 3:17 ) Koma iye amene ali nacho chuma cha dziko lapansi, naona mbale wake ali wosowa, ndi kutsekereza chifundo chake kwa iye, nanga chikondi cha Mulungu chikhala mwa iye bwanji?
( Yakobe 2:1-4, 8, 9 ) Abale anga, musachite tsankho chifukwa cha chikhulupiriro mwa Ambuye wathu Yesu Khristu, Ambuye wa ulemerero. 2 Pakuti akafika ku msonkhano wanu munthu wobvala mphete yagolidi ndi chobvala chokoma, ndipo akalowanso wosauka wobvala zonyansa; 3 Ndipo mulemekeza iye wobvala chobvala chokongola, ndi kunena naye, Khala iwe pano pabwino; ndi kunena kwa wosaukayo, Imirira iwe apo, kapena khala pansi pa chopondapo mapazi anga; 4 Kodi simukhala a tsankho mwa inu nokha, ndipo mukhala oweruza a maganizo oipa? 8 Ngati mukwaniritsa lamulo lachifumu monga mwa malembo, Uzikonda mnzako monga udzikonda iwe mwini, muchita bwino; 9 Koma ngati muli ndi tsankho, muchita tchimo, ndipo mutsutsidwa ndi lamulo monga olakwa.
Chilungamo
- ( Deut. 16:19 ) Musamapotoza chiweruzo; musamakondera, kapena kulandira mtulo; pakuti mtulo udetsa maso a anzeru, niipitsa mau a olungama.
- ( Miyambo 17:15 ) Wolungamitsa woipa, ndi wodzudzula wolungama , onse awiri anyansa Yehova.
- ( Yesaya 61:8 ) Pakuti ine Yehova ndimakonda chiweruzo, ndidana ndi zauchifwamba ndi nsembe zopsereza; ndipo ndidzawatsogolera m’chowonadi, ndipo ndidzapangana nawo pangano losatha.
Alendo
- ( Lev 19:33, 34 ) Ndipo ngati mlendo agone nanu m’dziko lanu, musamamsautsa. 34 Koma mlendo wakukhala ndi inu adzakhala kwa inu monga wobadwa mwa inu, ndipo muzimukonda monga udzikonda iwe mwini; pakuti munali alendo m’dziko la Aigupto: Ine ndine Yehova Mulungu wanu.
- ( Yer 7:4-7 ) Musakhulupirire mawu abodza, akuti, Nyumba ya Yehova, Kachisi wa Yehova, Kachisi wa Yehova, izi ndizo. 5 Pakuti mukakonza ndithu njira zanu ndi zochita zanu; mukaweruza ndithu pakati pa munthu ndi mnansi wake; 6 Mukapanda kupondereza mlendo, mwana wamasiye, ndi mkazi wamasiye, osakhetsa mwazi wosalakwa pamalo ano, osatsata milungu ina, kukuvulazani; 7 Pamenepo ndidzakukhalitsani m’malo ano, m’dziko limene ndinapatsa makolo anu ku nthawi za nthawi.
Okalamba
- ( Lev 19:32 ) Uzinyamuka pamaso pa munthu waimvi, ndi kulemekeza nkhope ya nkhalamba, ndi kuopa Mulungu wako: Ine ndine Yehova.
REFERENCES:
1. Joni Eareckson Tada: Oikeus elää, oikeus kuolla (When is it Right to Die?), p. 65 2. Gardner B P et al., Ventilation or dignified death for patients with high tetraplegia. BMJ, 1985, 291: 1620-22 3. Pekka Reinikainen, Päivi Räsänen, Reino Pöyhiä: Eutanasia – vastaus kärsimyksen ongelmaan? p. 91 4. Pekka Reinikainen, Päivi Räsänen, Reino Pöyhiä: Eutanasia – vastaus kärsimyksen ongelmaan? p. 126,127 5. Päivi Räsänen: Kutsuttu elämään, p. 106 6. Bernard Nathanson: Antakaa minun elää (The Hand of God), p. 130 7. Lääkärin etiikka, 1992, p. 41-42 8. Richard Miniter, ”The Dutch Way of Death”, Opinion Journal (huhtikuu 28, 2001) 9. Marja Rantanen, Olavi Ronkainen: Äänetön huuto, p. 7 10. Pekka Reinikainen, Päivi Räsänen, Reino Pöyhiä: Eutanasia – vastaus kärsimyksen ongelmaan? p. 38,39 11. Matti Joensuu: Avoliitto, avioliitto ja perhe, p. 12-14 12. Matti Joensuu: Avoliitto, avioliitto ja perhe, p. 12-14 13. https://telegraph.co.uk/comment/telegraph-view/3622559/Euthanasias-euphemism.html 14. Quote from article: Finlay, I.G. et.al., Palliative Medicine, 19:444-453 15. John Wyatt: Elämän & kuoleman kysymyksiä (Matters of Life and Death), p. 204,205 16. Pekka Reinikainen, Päivi Räsänen, Reino Pöyhiä: Eutanasia – vastaus kärsimyksen ongelmaan? p. 92 17. Joni Eareckson Tada: Oikeus elää, oikeus kuolla (When is it Right to Die?), p. 151,152 18. Rita L. Marker: New Covenant, January 1991
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Jesus is the way, the truth and the life
Grap to eternal life!
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Other Google Translate machine translations:
Mamilioni azaka / ma dinosaur / chisinthiko cha anthu? Sayansi muchinyengo: ziphunzitso zosakhulupirira kuti kuli Mulungu zoyambira ndi mamiliyoni azaka Kodi madinosaur anakhala liti?
Mbiri ya Baibulo
Chikhulupiriro chachikhristu: sayansi, ufulu waumunthu Chikhulupiriro chachikhristu ndi ufulu waumunthu
Zipembedzo zaku Eastern / New Age Kodi munthu amabadwanso kwina?
Chisilamu mavumbulutso ndi moyo wa Muhammad Kupembedza mafano mu Islam ndi ku Mecca
Mafunso okhudza chikhalidwe Khalani omasuka ku kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha Ukwati wosakondera pakati pa amuna ndi akazi Euthanasia ndi zizindikiro za nthawi
Chipulumutso |
