Nature


Main page | Jari's writings | Other languages

This is a machine translation made by Google Translate and has not been checked. There may be errors in the text.

   On the right, there are more links to translations made by Google Translate.

   In addition, you can read other articles in your own language when you go to my English website (Jari's writings), select an article there and transfer its web address to Google Translate (https://translate.google.com/?sl=en&tl=fi&op=websites).

                                                            

 

 

Obukristaayo ne ssaayansi

 

 

Enzikiriza y’Ekikristaayo ebadde eremesa ssaayansi oba ekutumbula? Soma obujulizi!

                                                                                                                  

Omulamwa gw’ekitundu kino kwe kukkiriza kw’Ekikristaayo ne ssaayansi. Enzikiriza y’Ekikristaayo efudde etya ssaayansi n’enkulaakulana yaayo? Kibadde kiremesa enkulaakulana ya ssaayansi oba kigitumbula? Singa ensonga eno yeekenneenyezebwa okuyita mu mikutu gy’amawulire egy’ensi n’ebiwandiiko bya bannassaayansi abatakkiririza mu Katonda byokka, bitera okuleeta endowooza emanyiddwa ennyo ku butakkaanya obuliwo wakati w’enzikiriza ne ssaayansi. Kilowoozebwa nti okukkiriza mu Katonda ne ssaayansi bikontana era nti okukkiriza kw’Ekikristaayo kubadde kulemesa enkulaakulana ya ssaayansi. Mu ndowooza eno, ssaayansi ateeberezebwa okuba nga yali wa maanyi mu Buyonaani era n’addamu okukulaakulana, mu kiseera ky’Okutegeera, bwe yakutuka ku ddiini y’okubikkulirwa n’atandika okwesigama ku nsonga n’okwetegereza. Obukulu bwa Darwin naddala butwalibwa ng’obukulu eri obuwanguzi obusembayo obw’endowooza y’ensi eya ssaayansi.

    Naye amazima ki agali mu nsonga eyo? Omusingi gw’enzikiriza y’Ekikristaayo tegubangako ssaayansi na kukola ssaayansi, wabula okukkiriza mu kubeerawo kwa Katonda ne Yesu Kristo, buli muntu mw’ayinza okuyita okusonyiyibwa ebibi bye. Kyokka kino tekitegeeza nti enzikiriza y’Ekikristaayo tefudde ku ssaayansi n’enkulaakulana y’abantu. Okwawukana ku ekyo, obukulu bwa Yesu n’enzikiriza y’Ekikristaayo bubadde busalawo ku kuzaalibwa n’okukulaakulana kwa ssaayansi. Endowooza eno yeesigamiziddwa ku nsonga eziwerako, ze tujja okuyita mu bino wammanga. Tutandikira ku lulimi n’okusoma n’okuwandiika.

 

Okusoma n’okuwandiika: nkuluze, grammar, alfabeti. Ekisooka, okuzaalibwa kw’ennimi z’ebitabo n’okusoma n’okuwandiika. Buli omu akitegeera nti eggwanga bwe liba terina lulimi lwalyo lwa biwandiiko ate ng’abantu tebasobola kusoma, kiba kiziyiza okukulaakulanya ssaayansi, okunoonyereza, okuzaala ebiyiiya n’okusaasaanya okumanya. Awo tewabaawo bitabo, tosobola kubisoma, era n’okumanya tekusaasaana. Ekibiina ky’abantu kisigadde mu mbeera etakyukakyuka.

   Kati olwo enzikiriza y’Ekikristaayo efudde etya ku kutondebwawo kw’ennimi z’ebiwandiiko n’okusoma n’okuwandiika? Wano abanoonyereza bangi we balina ekifo ekizibe. Tebamanyi nti kumpi ennimi zonna ez’ebiwandiiko zatondebwa Abakristaayo abatya Katonda. Okugeza, wano mu Finland, Mikael Agricola, Omufinindi omuteresi w’eddiini era taata w’ebiwandiiko, yakuba ekitabo kya ABC ekyasooka n’Endagaano Empya n’ebitundu by’ebitabo ebirala ebya Baibuli. Abantu bayiga okusoma nga bayita mu zo.

    Mu Bugirimaani, Martti Luther naye yakola ekintu kye kimu. Baibuli yagivvuunula mu Lugirimaani ng’akozesa olulimi lwe. Ebikumi n’ebikumi by’ebitabo byakolebwa ku nkyusa ye era olulimi Luther lwe yakozesa ne lufuuka olulimi olw’ebiwandiiko mu Bagirimaani.

    Ate Bungereza? William Tyndale, eyavvuunula Baibuli mu Lungereza, yakola kinene nnyo mu ekyo. Enkyusa ya Tyndale yakwata ku kuzaalibwa kw’olulimi Olungereza olw’omulembe guno. Okusinziira ku nkyusa ya Tyndale, oluvannyuma yatondebwawo enkyusa ya King James, nga eno y’enkyusa ya Baibuli ey’Olungereza esinga okumanyika.

   Ekyokulabirako ekimu ze nnukuta z’abantu b’Abaslav, eziyitibwa ennukuta z’Olucyrillic. Baatuumibwa amannya ga Cyril Omutukuvu, eyali omuminsani mu Baslav era n’akiraba nti tebaalina nnyiriri. Cyril yabakolera ennukuta basobole okusoma Enjiri ekwata ku Yesu.

   Nga obusobozi bw’okusoma tebunnazaalibwa, n’olwekyo olulimi oluwandiike lulina okubaawo. Mu ngeri eno, abaminsani Abakristaayo bakoze kinene nnyo, si byasa bingi emabega mu nsi z’amawanga g’obugwanjuba, naye ne mu Afirika ne mu Asiya oluvannyuma. Abaminsani bayinza okuba nga baakola omulimu ogw’emyaka mingi mu kunoonyereza ku nnimi. Baatonda grammar, dictionaries ne alphabets ezaasooka.

   Omu ku bantu ng’abo ye yali omuminsani Omumethodist Frank Laubach, eyatandikawo kaweefube w’okusomesa abantu okusoma n’okuwandiika mu nsi yonna. Yakwata ku nkulaakulana y’ebitabo bya ABC-mu nnimi 313. Alondeddwa ng’omutume w’abatasoma.

    Ebyokulabirako bino wammanga byogera ku kintu kye kimu, enkulaakulana y’ennimi. Kikulu nnyo nti n’ennimi ng’Oluhindu, olulimi olukulu mu Buyindi, Oluurudu olw’e Pakistan, n’Olubengali olw’e Bangladesh zirina ensengeka yazo n’ennimi nga zeesigamiziddwa ku buminsani bw’Ekikristaayo. Ebikumi n’obukadde bw’abantu boogera era ne bakozesa ennimi zino.

 

Vishal Mangalwadi: Nnakulira mu mutima gw’olulimi Oluhindu mu Allahabad, kumpi kiromita 80 okuva e Kashi, Tulsidas gye yawandiika Ramcharitmanasin , ebyafaayo by’eddiini ebisinga amakulu mu Bukiikakkono bwa Buyindi. Bulijjo nnategeezebwa nti Oluhindu lwasibuka mu epic eno enkulu. Naye bwe nnagisoma, nnasoberwa, kubanga nnali sisobola kutegeera kigambo na kimu okuva mu kyo. “Hindi” y’omuwandiisi yali ya njawulo ddala ku yange era natandika okubuusabuusa, olulimi lwange oluzaaliranwa – olulimi lw’eggwanga olutongole olwa Buyindi – gye lwasibuka.

... Abamanyi Abahindu nabo tebaakulaakulanya lulimi lwa ggwanga lya Buyindi, Oluhindu. Olw’abavvuunuzi ba Baibuli nga John Borthwick Gilchrist n’abakugu mu nnimi abaminsani nga Rev. SHKellogg, olulimi lw’ebiwandiiko olw’Oluhindu oluliwo kati lwava mu lulimi olukozesebwa omutontomi Tulsidas (c. 1532-1623).

... Abavvuunuzi ba Baibuli n’abaminsani baawaayo ekisinga ku lulimi lwange oluzaaliranwa Oluhindu. Ennimi zonna ennamu ez’ebiwandiiko mu Buyindi ziwa obujulizi ku mulimu gwazo. Mu 2005, Dr. Babu Verghese, omunoonyereza okuva e Mumbai naye nga mwogezi enzaalwa y’Olumalayalam, yawaayo ebbaluwa y’obusawo ey’emiko 700 mu yunivasite y’e Nagpur okwekenneenya. Yalaga nti abavvuunuzi ba Baibuli baatonda ennimi 73 ez’ebiwandiiko ez’omulembe guno okuva mu nnimi ezoogerwa Abayindi abasinga obungi abatasoma. Mu bino mwalimu ennimi z’eggwanga entongole eza Buyindi (Hindi), Pakistan (Urdu) ne Bangladesh (Bengali). Abamanyi bataano aba Bramine baasoma ebbaluwa ya Verghes ey’obusawo ne bamuwa ekitiibwa kya Doctor of Philosophy mu 2008. Mu kiseera kye kimu, baawa amagezi awatali kuwakanya nti, oluvannyuma lw’okufulumizibwa, dissertation eno etwalibwa ng’ekitabo ekikakatako okusoma olulimi Oluyindi. (1) .

 

Omulimu gw’obuminsani ogw’Ekikristaayo bulijjo gubadde gwa ngeri nnyingi ogw’okuyamba abantu, bwe kityo ne gutuuka okuyamba abalwadde, abalema, abalumwa enjala, abatalina mwasirizi n’abasosolwa. Mu nsi za Afrika nnyingi, emisomo gy’Ekikristaayo gizimbye omusingi gw’enkola y’amasomero yonna mu by’enjigiriza ebisookerwako n’eby’emikono. Mu ngeri y’emu, emisomo gikoze kinene mu kutondawo omukutu gw’ebyobulamu... Omunoonyereza omumanyifu okuva mu Afrika, Pulofeesa wa Yunivasite y’e Yale Lamin Sanneh ategeezezza nti mu Afrika, abaminsani bakoze obuweereza obusinga obunene eri obuwangwa bw’omu kitundu nga batondawo omusingi gw’olulimi oluwandiike. (2) .

 

Pulojekiti z’okusoma n’okuwandiika n’ebiwandiiko. Nga bwe kyayogeddwa, ennimi ezisinga obungi zifunye grammar yazo n’ebiwandiiko okuva mu kufugibwa enzikiriza y’Ekikristaayo. Abatakkiririza mu Katonda n’amawanga si be baatandikawo enkulaakulana eno, wabula baali bakiikirira enzikiriza y’Ekikristaayo. Enkulaakulana y’ebibiina yandibadde elwawo okumala ebyasa bingi nga tewali kukkiririza mu Katonda ne Yesu.

    Ekitundu kino kirimu pulojekiti z’okusomesa okusoma n’okuwandiika mu Bulaaya n’ebitundu by’ensi ebirala. Okuyitira mu zo, abantu bayiga okusoma Bayibuli n’ebitabo ebirala era ne bayiga ebintu ebipya. Bw’oba ​​tomanyi kusoma na kuwandiika, kiba kizibu okuyiga ebintu ebipya abalala bye bawandiise.

    Enzikiriza y’Ekikristaayo bwe yawangudde ennimiro eno ng’eyita mu mulimu gw’obuminsani, era etereezezza embeera y’embeera z’abantu n’embeera y’amawanga amangi. Ebintu ng’ebyo mbeera ya bulamu nnungi, ebyenfuna ebirungi, embeera y’embeera z’abantu enywevu, obuli bw’enguzi n’okufa kw’abaana okukendeera era, ddala, okusoma n’okuwandiika okulungi. Singa tewaaliwo mulimu gwa buminsani n’okukkiriza kw’Ekikristaayo, wandibaddewo okubonaabona n’obwavu ebisingawo nnyo mu nsi era abantu tebandibadde bamanyi kusoma. Mu birala, Robert Woodberry, omuyambi wa pulofeesa mu Yunivasite y’e Texas, alabye akakwate akaliwo wakati w’omulimu gw’obuminsani ne demokulasiya, embeera y’abantu erongooseddwa n’okusoma n’okuwandiika:

   

Munnasayansi: Omulimu gw’obuminsani gwatandikawo demokulasiya

 

Okusinziira ku Robert Woodberry, omuyambi wa pulofeesa mu Texas University, enkosa y’emirimu gy’obuminsani Abapolotesitante mu myaka gya 1800 ne ku ntandikwa y’emyaka gya 1900 ku nkulaakulana ya demokulasiya ebadde ya maanyi nnyo okusinga bwe kyalowoozebwa mu kusooka. Mu kifo ky’okuba n’omulimu omutono mu kukulaakulanya demokulasiya, abaminsani baalina ekitundu kinene mu mawanga mangi aga Afirika ne Asiya. Magazini ya Christianity Today eyogera ku nsonga eyo.

Robert Woodberry asomye ku nkolagana eriwo wakati w’emirimu gy’obuminsani n’ensonga ezikosa demokulasiya kumpi okumala emyaka 15. Okusinziira ku ye, eyo abaminsani Abapolotesitante gye babadde n’obuyinza obw’amaanyi. Eyo ebyenfuna ennaku zino bikulaakulana nnyo era embeera y’ebyobulamu nnungi nnyo okusinga mu bitundu, obuyinza bw’abaminsani gye bubadde butono oba nga tebuliiwo. Mu bitundu ebirimu ebyafaayo by’obuminsani ebibunye, omuwendo gw’abaana abafa mu kiseera kino guli wansi, obuli bw’enguzi butono, okusoma n’okuwandiika kweyongedde ate n’okuyingira mu by’enjigiriza kyangu naddala eri abakyala.

   Okusinziira ku Robert Woodberry, naddala Abakristaayo ab’okuzuukira kw’Abapolotesitante be baakola ekirungi. Okwawukanako n’ekyo, bannaddiini oba abaminsani b’Abakatuliki abaali bakolera mu gavumenti nga emyaka gya 1960 teginnatuuka tebaalina kye baakola. (3) .

 

Ekyokulabirako ekimu ekirungi eky’engeri enzikiriza y’Ekikristaayo gy’ekutte ku kusoma n’okuwandiika n’ebitabo kwe kuba nti mu mwaka gwa 1900, ebitabo eby’ensi ne bisinga ebitabo eby’eby’omwoyo mu kutunda. Bayibuli n’enjigiriza zaayo byali mu kifo kikulu okumala ebyasa bingi, okutuusa mu kyasa ekyayita lwe yeeyongera okufiirwa obukulu bwayo mu nsi z’amawanga g’obugwanjuba. Kiba kya butanwa nti mu kyasa kye kimu eky’amakumi abiri, enzikiriza y’Ekikristaayo bwe yalekebwawo, entalo ezaali zisinga obunene mu byafaayo zaalwanibwa?

    Ekyokulabirako ekirala ye Bungereza, eyali esinga okukulaakulana mu nsi yonna mu kyasa eky’e 18 ne 19. Naye kiki ekyali emabega w’enkulaakulana ennungi eya Bungereza? Mazima ddala ensonga emu yali ya kuzuukira mu by’omwoyo abantu mwe baddukira eri Katonda. Ebintu bingi ebirungi byajja olw’ekyo, gamba ng’okusoma n’okuwandiika, okuggyawo obuddu, n’okutumbula embeera y’abaavu n’abakozi.

   John Wesley, amanyiddwa ng’omubuulizi asinga obukulu mu kibiina ky’Abamethodist era nga ye yayita mu kuzuukira okunene mu Bungereza mu kyasa eky’e 18, yakwata nnyo ku nkulaakulana eno. Kigambibwa nti okuyita mu mulimu gwe Bungereza yawona enkyukakyuka efaananako bwetyo eyabadde mu Bufalansa. Kyokka, Wesley ne banne nabo baakola kinene mu kulaba ng’ebitabo byafuuka eby’okutuuka ku bantu Abangereza. Encyclopedia Britannica egamba ku Wesley mu nsonga eno nti "tewali muntu mulala yenna mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omunaana yakola kinene nnyo okutumbula okusoma ebitabo ebirungi, era n'aleeta ebitabo bingi nnyo mu kutuuka kw'abantu ku bbeeyi eya layisi bwetyo"...

    Mu Bungereza, olw’okuzuukira, omulimu gw’amasomero ga Ssande nagwo gwazaalibwa mu kyasa eky’e 18. Nga mu mwaka gwa 1830, nga kimu kyakuna ku baana ba Bungereza obukadde 1.25 baagenda mu ssomero lya Ssande, gye bayiga okusoma n’okuwandiika. Bungereza yali efuuka ekibiina ekimanyi okusoma n’okuwandiika nga kisomesebwa Ekigambo kya Katonda; gavumenti teyagifuga.

    Ate Amerika? Ekijuliziddwa kino wammanga kyogera ku kino. Kyayogerwa John Dewey (1859-1952), naye kennyini yakwata nnyo ku kufuula ebyenjigiriza mu Amerika ebitali bya ddiini. Wabula yannyonnyodde engeri enzikiriza y’Ekikristaayo gy’ebadde n’akakwate akalungi ku kugeza okusomesa abantu n’okuggyawo obuddu mu nsi ye:

 

Abantu bano (Abakristaayo ab’enjiri) be mugongo gw’obuzirakisa mu mbeera z’abantu, emirimu gy’ebyobufuzi egigendereddwamu ennongoosereza mu mbeera z’abantu, okuwagira emirembe n’okusomesa abantu. Zirimu era ziraga obulungi eri abo abali mu buzibu mu by’enfuna n’abantu abalala, naddala nga balaga wadde okufaayo okutono ennyo mu ngeri ya gavumenti eya repubulika - - Ekitundu kino eky’abantu kyanukula bulungi okusaba okuyisibwa mu bwenkanya n’okugabanya emikisa egyenkanankana mu ngeri ey’enkanankana okusinziira ku ndowooza yaabwe ku bwenkanya. Kyagoberera ebigere bya Lincoln mu kuggyawo obuddu era n'ekkiriziganya n'endowooza za Roosevelt bwe yavumirira ebitongole "ebibi" n'okukung'aanya obugagga mu mikono gy'abatono. (4) .

 

Yunivasite. Emabegako, kyayogerwako engeri enzikiriza y’Ekikristaayo gy’efudde ku kutondebwawo kw’ennimi eziwandiikiddwa n’okusoma n’okuwandiika mu byasa ebiyise ne mu kiseera kino. Okugeza, mu mawanga ga Afirika, omusingi gw’enkola y’amasomero mu nsonga z’okusomesa emisingi n’ebyemikono okusinga guzaalibwa okuva mu buyinza bw’obuminsani bw’Ekikristaayo, nga bwe kiri ku by’obulamu. Singa tewaali buyinza bwa nzikiriza ya Kikristaayo, enkulaakulana y’ebibiina yandibadde elwawo okumala ebyasa bingi.

   Ekitundu ekimu ye yunivasite n’amasomero. Ng’oggyeeko okusoma n’okuwandiika, bikulu nnyo mu kukulaakulanya ssaayansi, okunoonyereza, okuzaala ebiyiiya n’okusaasaanya amawulire. Okuyita mu bo, okumanya n’okunoonyereza bigenda mu maaso okutuuka ku ddaala eppya.

   Enzikiriza y’Ekikristaayo efudde etya ekitundu kino? Emirundi mingi ebibiina by’abakulembeze b’ensi n’abatakkiririza mu Katonda tebamanyi nti Baibuli n’enzikiriza y’Ekikristaayo bikoze kinene mu kitundu kino. Ebikumi n’ebikumi by’amatendekero n’amasomero enkumi n’enkumi bitandikiddwawo Abakristaayo abatya Katonda oba nga bayita mu mirimu gy’obuminsani. Tebaazaalibwa ku musingi gwa batakkiririza mu Katonda, kubanga tewaaliwo yunivasite ezitali za ddiini era eza gavumenti. Okugeza, yunivasite zino wammanga zimanyiddwa nnyo mu Bungereza ne Amerika:

- Oxford ne Cambridge. Ebibuga byombi birimu amasinzizo n’amasinzizo mangi. Yunivasite zino mu kusooka zaatandikibwawo kuyigiriza Bayibuli.

- Ensimbi n'emirimu mu Harvard. Yunivasite eno yatuumibwa erinnya lya Reverend John Harvard. Omubala gwayo okuva mu 1692 gwe Veritas Christo et Ecclesiae (amazima eri Kristo n’Ekkanisa) .

- Yunivasite ya Yale yatandikibwawo eyali omuyizi mu Harvard, Faaza w’Abapuritan Cotton Mather.

- Pulezidenti eyasooka owa Princeton University (mu kusooka College of New Jersey) yali Jonathan Edwards, amanyiddwa olw’okuzuukira okunene mu Amerika mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’omunaana. Ye yali omubuulizi asinga okumanyika mu kuzuukira kuno, wamu ne George Whitefield.

- Yunivasite y'e Pennsylvania. George Whitefield, omukulembeze omulala ow’ekibiina kya Great Awakening, ye yatandikawo essomero lino oluvannyuma eryakulaakulana ne lifuuka Yunivasite y’e Pennsylvania. Whitefield yali mutabani w’omukuumi w’ebbaala era nga munne wa John Wesley gwe twayogeddeko waggulu bwe yali e Bungereza. Yalina eddoboozi eddungi mu ngeri etaali ya bulijjo, eriwulikika era ery’amaanyi, n’asobola okwogera mu ngeri ewulikika eri abantu enkumi n’enkumi mu nkuŋŋaana ez’ebweru. Era yali asobola okubuulira ng’amaziga gamuyitamu olw’okusaasira Katonda kwe yali amuwadde eri abantu

   Ate Buyindi ate? Buyindi temanyiddwa lwa Bukristaayo bwayo. Kyokka mu nsi eno, nga bwe kiri mu Afrika, mulimu enkumi n’enkumi z’amasomero agazaaliddwa ku musingi gw’enzikiriza y’Ekikristaayo. Yunivasite ezaasooka mu Buyindi nazo zaazaalibwa ku musingi gwe gumu. Yunivasite nga yunivasite ya Calcutta, Madras, Bombay ne Serampore zimanyiddwa nnyo. Okugatta ku ekyo, Yunivasite y’e Allahabad eyatandikibwawo mu 1887, emanyiddwa nnyo. Ba Ssaabaminisita bataano ku musanvu abaasooka mu Buyindi baava mu kibuga kino, era bangi ku baddukanya Buyindi basomye mu Yunivasite y’e Allahabad.

 

Enkyukakyuka mu bya ssaayansi. Ekitundu ekyo kyatandikira ku ndowooza eyali esinga okwagalibwa abantu abatakkiririza mu Katonda nti enzikiriza y’Ekikristaayo ebadde eremesezza enkulaakulana ya ssaayansi. Naye endowooza eno nnyangu okubuusabuusa, kubanga ennimi z’ebiwandiiko, okusoma n’okuwandiika n’amatendekero okusinga byazaalibwa okuva mu kufugibwa enzikiriza y’Ekikristaayo.

    Ate kiri kitya ku ekyo kye bayita enkyukakyuka mu bya ssaayansi? Kitera okukwatibwa mu nnyiriri ezitali za ddiini n’abatakkiririza mu Katonda nti akavuyo kano tekalina kakwate konna ku nzikiriza y’Ekikristaayo, naye endowooza eno esobola okubuusibwabuusibwa. Kubanga mu ngeri y’omulembe guno, ssaayansi atandise omulundi gumu gwokka, kwe kugamba, mu Bulaaya ey’ekyasa eky’ekkumi n’omukaaga-18, enzikiriza y’Ekikristaayo gye yasinga. Tekyatandikira mu bantu abaali batali ba ddiini, wabula naddala mu bantu abaali baluŋŋamizibwa enzikiriza y’Ekikristaayo. Kumpi bannassaayansi bonna abakulembeze baali bakkiririza mu kutonda. Mu bo mwe mwali Francis Bacon, Robert Boyle, Isaac Newton, Johannes Kepler, Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, Blaise Pascal, Michael Faraday, James Clerck Maxwell, John Ray, Louis Pasteur, n’ebirala Tebaali bakiikirira ba Enlightenment wabula ba theism y’Ekikristaayo.

 

Emilembe gya bannabyafaayo n’abakugu mu mbeera z’abantu bakirabye nti Abakristaayo, enzikiriza y’Ekikristaayo, n’ebitongole by’Ekikristaayo byayamba mu ngeri nnyingi ez’enjawulo mu kukulaakulanya enjigiriza, enkola, n’enkola ezaatuuka n’okuzaala ssaayansi w’obutonde ow’omulembe guno(...) Newankubadde nga waliwo endowooza ez’enjawulo ku buyinza bwayo kumpi bannabyafaayo bonna leero bakkiriza nti Obukristaayo (Obukatoliki n’Obupolotesitante bwe bumu) bwakubiriza abalowooza bangi ab’omulembe ogw’edda nga tegunnabaawo okunoonyereza okutegekeddwa ku butonde. Bannabyafaayo era bakirabye nti endowooza ezeewolwa mu Bukristaayo zaafuna ekkubo mu kukubaganya ebirowoozo kwa ssaayansi era ebirungi ebyavaamu. Bannasayansi abamu batuuka n’okugamba nti endowooza nti obutonde bukola okusinziira ku mateeka agamu esibuka mu by’eddiini y’Ekikristaayo. (5) .

 

Kiki ekyali emabega w’enkyukakyuka mu bya ssaayansi? Ensonga emu, nga bwe kyayogeddwa waggulu, yali ya yunivasite. Mu mwaka gwa 1500, baali nga nkaaga mu Bulaaya. Yunivasite zino tezaali yunivasite ezikuumibwa abakugu mu by’eddiini n’eggwanga, wabula zaasituka nga ziwagirwa nnyo ekkanisa ey’omu kyasa eky’omu makkati, era okunoonyereza ku ssaayansi w’obutonde n’eby’emmunyeenye byakola kinene mu zo. Mu zo mwalimu eddembe ddene ery’okunoonyereza n’okukubaganya ebirowoozo, era nga kino kyasiimibwa. Yunivasite zino zaalina abayizi enkumi n’enkumi, era zaayamba okuteekateeka enkyukakyuka mu bya ssaayansi esobole okusoboka mu Bulaaya mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’omukaaga-ekkumi n’omunaana. Enkyukakyuka eno teyavaayo mangu, wabula yakulemberwa enkulaakulana ennungi. Ssemazinga endala tezaalina buyigirize bungi na yunivasite ezifaananako nga bwe ziri mu Bulaaya, .

 

Ekyasa eky’omu makkati kyatonda omusingi gw’ekintu ekisinga obunene eky’abantu b’amawanga g’obugwanjuba: ssaayansi ow’omulembe guno. Okwogera nti ssaayansi teyaliiwo nga “Renaissance” tennabaawo, si kituufu. Oluvannyuma lw’okumanyiira okunoonyereza okw’edda okw’Abayonaani, abamanyi ab’omu kyasa eky’omu makkati baakola enkola z’endowooza, ezaatwala ssaayansi mu maaso ennyo bw’ogeraageranya n’ebiseera eby’edda. Yunivasite, eddembe ly’okusoma mwe lyakuumibwa okuva mu buyinza bw’abakulembeze, zaatandikibwawo mu myaka gya 1100. Ebitongole bino bulijjo bibadde biwa ekifo eky’obukuumi okunoonyereza kwa ssaayansi. N’eby’eddiini by’Ekikristaayo byalaga nti byali bituukirawo mu ngeri ey’enjawulo okukubiriza okunoonyereza ku butonde, obwali bulowoozebwa nti Katonda bwe yatonda. (6) .

 

Eddagala n’amalwaliro. Ekitundu ekimu enzikiriza y’Ekikristaayo ky’efuddeko kwe kujjanjaba n’okuzaala amalwaliro. Ekitundu ekikulu naddala kyali kya bamonko, abaakuuma, abaakoppa n’okuvvuunula ebiwandiiko eby’edda eby’obusawo n’ebitabo ebirala eby’edda eby’edda ne ssaayansi. Okugatta ku ekyo, baayongera okukulaakulanya eddagala. Singa tewaali mirimu gyabwe, eby’obusawo tebyandibadde bikulaakulana ku kigero kye kimu, era ebiwandiiko eby’edda eby’edda tebyandikuumiddwa emirembe egy’omulembe guno okubisoma.

    Ebyobulamu, emirimu gy’obulamu n’ebibiina by’abazirakisa ebingi (Red Cross, Save the Children...) nabyo bitandikiddwawo abeeyita Abakristaayo, kubanga enzikiriza y’Ekikristaayo bulijjo ebaddemu okusaasira muliraanwa wo. Kino kyesigamiziddwa ku njigiriza ya Yesu n’ekyokulabirako kya Yesu. Mu kifo ky’ekyo, abatakkiririza mu Katonda n’abakkiriza abantu babadde batera okubeera abatunuulizi mu kitundu kino. Munnamawulire Omuzungu Malcolm Muggeridge (1903-1990), naye kennyini eyali omukugu mu by’obuntubulamu ow’ensi, naye nga wadde kyali kityo mwesimbu, kino yakiraba. Yafaayo ku ngeri endowooza y’ensi gy’ekwata ku buwangwa:"Nmaze emyaka mu Buyindi ne Afirika, era mu byombi nsisinkanye emirimu mingi egy'obutuukirivu egyakuumibwa Abakristaayo ab'amadiini ag'enjawulo; naye si mulundi gumu gwe nnasanga eddwaaliro oba ekifo kya bamulekwa ekikuumibwa ekibiina ky'obusosoze oba eddwaaliro ly'abagenge erikola ku musingi gw'obuntubulamu." (7) .

   Ebijuliziddwa bino wammanga byongera okulaga engeri enzikiriza y’Ekikristaayo gy’efudde ku by’obujjanjabi n’ebitundu ebirala okuyita mu mulimu gw’obuminsani. Amalwaliro agasinga obungi mu Afrika ne Buyindi gazaalibwa nga bayita mu buminsani bw’Ekikristaayo n’okwagala okuyamba. Ekitundu ekinene eky’amalwaliro agasooka mu Bulaaya nakyo kyasibuka wansi w’okufugibwa enzikiriza y’Ekikristaayo. Katonda asobola okuwonya omuntu butereevu, naye bangi bafunye obuyambi nga bayita mu ddagala n’amalwaliro. Enzikiriza y’Ekikristaayo ekoze kinene nnyo mu ekyo.

 

Mu kyasa eky’omu makkati abantu bano, abali mu kibiina kya Order of Saint Benedict, baalabirira amalwaliro agasukka mu nkumi bbiri mu Bulaaya ey’amaserengeta yokka. Ekyasa eky’ekkumi n’ebiri kyali kya makulu mu ngeri eyeewuunyisa mu nsonga eno naddala eyo, Order of Saint John gye yakoleranga. Okugeza, eddwaaliro eddene ery’Omwoyo Omutukuvu lyatandikibwawo mu 1145 e Montpellier, eryafuuka mangu ekifo eky’okusomesebwamu eby’obusawo n’ekifo eky’obusawol e Montpellier mu mwaka gwa 1221. Ng’oggyeeko obujjanjabi, amalwaliro gano gaali gawa abantu abaali balumwa enjala emmere era ne galabirira bannamwandu ne bamulekwa, era ne gagaba sadaka eri abo abaali beetaaga. (8) .

 

Newankubadde ekkanisa y’Ekikristaayo ebadde evumibwa nnyo mu byafaayo byayo byonna, ebadde ekyali mulembe mu by’obujjanjabi eri abaavu, okuyamba abasibe, abatalina mwasirizi oba abafa n’okulongoosa embeera z’emirimu. Mu Buyindi amalwaliro n’amatendekero agasinga obulungi agakwatagana nayo biva mu mulimu gw’obuminsani ogw’Abakristaayo, ne bwe kiba nti Abahindu bangi bakozesa amalwaliro gano okusinga amalwaliro agalabirira gavumenti, kubanga bakimanyi nti bagenda kufuna obujjanjabi obulungi eyo. Kiteeberezebwa nti Ssematalo II bwe yatandika, ba nurse 90% mu Buyindi baali Bakristaayo, era nti 80% ku bo baasomera mu malwaliro g’abaminsani. (9) .

 

Mu kkanisa ensonga z’obulamu buno zaalabirirwa nnyo nga n’ensonga z’obulamu obw’omu maaso bwe zaali; kyalabika nga buli kimu Abafirika kye baatuukiriza, kyasibuka mu mulimu gw’obuminsani ogw’ekkanisa. (Nelson Mandela mu kitabo kye ekikwata ku bulamu bwe Long Walk to Freedom)

 

Ekkanisa yayigganya bannassaayansi? Nga bwe kyayogeddwa, enzikiriza y’Ekikristaayo yakwata nnyo ku kuzaalibwa kw’enkyukakyuka mu bya ssaayansi. Emu ku nsonga lwaki kino kyavaako ye yunivasite ezaatandikawo ekkanisa. N’olwekyo, ekigambo abatakkiririza mu Katonda kye baagala ennyo okulima, kwe kugamba nti enzikiriza y’Ekikristaayo yandibadde kiziyiza okukulaakulanya ssaayansi, nfumo nnene nnyo. Kino era kiragibwa n’okuba nti amawanga enzikiriza y’Ekikristaayo gy’ebadde esinga okufugibwa, gabadde batandisi mu mulimu gwa ssaayansi n’okunoonyereza.

    Ate kiri kitya ku ndowooza nti ekkanisa yayigganya bannassaayansi? Enkulungo z’abatakkiririza mu Katonda zaagala okukuuma endowooza eno, naye bangi ku banoonyereza ku byafaayo bagitwala ng’okukyusakyusa ebyafaayo. Endowooza eno ey’okukontana wakati w’enzikiriza ne ssaayansi yava ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’ekkumi n’omwenda, abawandiisi abaawagira endowooza ya Darwin, okugeza Andrew Dickson White ne John William Draper, bwe baagireeta mu bitabo byabwe. Wabula okugeza omunoonyereza ow’omu kyasa eky’omu makkati James Hannam agambye nti:

 

Okwawukana ku ndowooza eya bulijjo, ekkanisa teyawagirangako ndowooza ya nsi fulaati, teyagaana kwekebejja mulambo, era mu butuufu teyokyangako muntu yenna ku muti olw’endowooza zaabwe eza ssaayansi. (10) .

 

Omusuubuzi w’e Australia Tim O’Neill alina ennyikira ku nsonga eno era alaga engeri abantu gye bamanyi kitono ddala ku byafaayo: "Si kizibu kusamba busirusiru buno mu bitundutundu, naddala ng'abantu ababyogerako tebamanyi kumpi kintu kyonna ku byafaayo. Baakasitula ebirowoozo bino ebyewuunyisa okuva ku mikutu gya yintaneeti n'ebitabo ebimanyiddwa ennyo. Ebigambibwa bino bigwamu nga bikubiddwa obujulizi obutawakana. Nsanga nga kinyuma okusekerera abayimbi ba pulopaganda mu ngeri entuufu nga mbasaba okutuuma erinnya lya ssaayansi omu - omu yekka - eyayokebwa ku muti." oba okuyigganyizibwa oba okunyigirizibwa olw’okunoonyereza kwe mu kyasa eky’omu makkati.Tebayinza kutuuma mannya n’emu... Mu kiseera we nwandiika bannassaayansi b’omu kyasa eky’omu makkati - Albertus Magnus, Robert Grosseteste, Roger Bacon, John Peckham, Duns Scotus, Thomas Bradwardine, Walter Burley, William Heytesbury, Richard Swineshead, John Dumbleton, Richard ow’e Wallingford, Nicholas Oresme, Jean Buridan,ne Nicolaus Cusanus —era mbuuza lwaki abasajja bano mu mirembe gyonna baakulaakulanya ssaayansi w’Ekyasa eky’omu makkati nga ekkanisa tebataataaganya, abavuganya nange batera okusika emitwe gyabwe nga beewuunya, nga beebuuza kiki ddala ekyatambula obubi." (11)

   Ate Galileo Galilei, eyakyusa ekifaananyi ky’Omuyonaani ekya Ptolemy ekyali kitunuulidde enjuba nga yeetooloola ensi? Kituufu Paapa yamukola mu bukyamu, naye ensonga ya kukyusakyusa nkozesa ya buyinza, so si kuwakanya ssaayansi. (Yee, Paapa n’Eklezia Katolika babadde n’omusango mu bintu ebirala bingi, gamba ng’Entalo z’Ekisalaba n’Ekitongole ky’Abalamuzi. Kyokka, nsonga ya kusuula ddala nzikiriza y’Ekikristaayo oba obutagoberera njigiriza za Yesu. Bangi tebategeera njawulo eno.) Era kikulu okumanya nti bombi abakiikiridde ssaayansi n’enzikiriza baali baawukanye mu ndowooza yaabwe ku ndowooza ya Galileo. Bannasayansi abamu baali ku ludda lwe, abalala nga bawakanya. Mu ngeri y’emu, abamu ku b’ekkanisa baawakanya endowooza ze, abalala ne bawolereza. Kino kibaawo bulijjo ng’endowooza empya zifulumye.

   Olwo lwaki Galileo yagwa mu buzibu eri Paapa n’asibwa mu nnyumba mu Villa ye? Ensonga emu yali ya nneeyisa ya Galileo yennyini. Paapa yali ayagala nnyo Galileo, naye okuwandiika kwa Galileo mu ngeri etali ya magezi kwayamba embeera okusajjuka. Ari Turunen awandiise ku nsonga eno:

 

Wadde nga Galileo Galilei atwalibwa ng’omu ku bajulizi abakulu mu bya ssaayansi, kiteekwa okujjukirwa nti teyasanyusa nnyo ng’omuntu. Yali wa malala era nga kyangu okunyiiga, ng’akuba enduulu nnyo era nga abulwa amagezi n’ekitone okukwata abantu.Olw’olulimi lwe olusongovu n’okusesa, naye teyalina bbula lya balabe. Omulimu gwa Galileo ogw’eby’emmunyeenye gukozesa enkola y’okukubaganya ebirowoozo. Ekitabo kino kyanjula omuntu atali mugezi nnyo ayitibwa Simplicius, ayanjula Galileo ensonga ezisinga okuba ez’obusiru. Abalabe ba Galileo basobodde okumatiza Paapa nti Galileo yali ategeeza Paapa n’ekifaananyi kye ekya Simplicus. Oluvannyuma lwa kino, Urban VIII eyali etaliimu nsa era eyali ewulikika ye yakola ku Galileo...

    ...Urbanus yeetwala ng’omutereeza era n’akkiriza okwogera ne Galileo, naye sitayiro ya Galileo yali esusse ku Paapa. Ka kibe nti Galilei yali ategeeza Paapa n’ekifaananyi kye ekya Simplicus oba nedda, okulonda erinnya kwali kubi nnyo. Galilei teyafaayo ku misingi gy’okuwandiika obulungi, nga muno mwe muli n’okuwa omusomi ekitiibwa. (12) .

 

Era abantu abatakkiririza mu Katonda bayigganya bannassaayansi? Waakiri kino kyaliwo mu Soviet Union eyali etakkiririza mu Katonda, bannassaayansi abawerako, gamba ng’abakugu mu by’obuzaale, gye baasibwa era n’abamu ne battibwa olw’endowooza zaabwe eza ssaayansi.

     Mu ngeri y’emu, bannassaayansi abawerako battibwa mu Nkyukakyuka ya Bufalansa: omukugu mu by’obutonde Antoine Lavoisier, omukugu mu by’emmunyeenye Jean Sylvain Bally, omukugu mu by’eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka Philippe-Frédéric de Dietrich, omukugu mu by’emmunyeenye Jean Baptiste Gaspard Bochart de Saron, omukugu mu by’ebimera Chrétien Guillaume de Lamoignon de Malesherbes. Kyokka tebattibwa lwa ndowooza zaabwe eza ssaayansi, wabula olw’endowooza zaabwe ez’ebyobufuzi. Wano ne wano, gwali musango gwa kukozesa bubi obuyinza, ogwalina ebivaamu eby’enjawulo ddala okusinga engeri Galileo gye yayisibwamu.

 

Ekkubo lya ssaayansi erikyamu: Darwin yabuza ssaayansi. Ekitundu kino kyatandikira ku kwewozaako okwasiimibwa abatakkiririza mu Katonda nti enzikiriza y’Ekikristaayo ebadde kiziyiza enkulaakulana ya ssaayansi. Kyagambibwa nti tewali musingi gwonna mu kwewozaako kuno, naye obukulu bw’enzikiriza y’Ekikristaayo bubadde busalawo ku kuzaalibwa n’okukulaakulana kwa ssaayansi. Endowooza eno yeesigamiziddwa ku nsonga eziwerako ng’okuzaalibwa kw’ennimi z’ebiwandiiko, okusoma n’okuwandiika, amasomero ne yunivasite, enkulaakulana y’obusawo n’amalwaliro, n’okuba nti enkyukakyuka mu bya ssaayansi yabaawo mu Bulaaya mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’omukaaga-ekkumi n’omunaana, enzikiriza ya Katonda ey’Ekikristaayo gye yasinga. Enkyukakyuka eno teyatandikira mu bantu abatali ba ddiini, wabula naddala mu bantu abaali baluŋŋamizibwa enzikiriza y’Ekikristaayo.

   Bwe kiba nti enzikiriza y’Ekikristaayo ebadde nsonga nnungi nnyo mu kukulaakulanya ssaayansi, endowooza y’okuwakanya ssaayansi n’enzikiriza y’Ekikristaayo yava wa? Ensonga emu eyavaako kino mazima ddala yali Charles Darwin n’endowooza ze ez’enkulaakulana mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’omwenda. Endowooza eno ekwatagana n’enjigiriza y’obutonde, y’esinga omusango gw’ekifaananyi kino. Omumanyifu ennyo atakkiririza mu Katonda Richard Dawkins naye agambye nti ng’ebiseera bya Darwin tebinnabaawo kyandibadde kizibu gy’ali okuba omutakkiriza mu Katonda: “ Wadde ng’obutakkiriza Katonda buyinza okuba nga bwalabika ng’obutuufu mu ngeri ey’ensonga mu maaso ga Darwin, Darwin yekka ye yassaawo omusingi gw’obutakkiririza mu Katonda obutuufu mu magezi" (13).

   Naye naye. Bannasayansi abanoonyereza ku butonde bwe bassa ekitiibwa mu mulimu gwa Darwin n’okufuba kwe, ekitundu kiba kituufu, ekitundu kiba kikyamu. Batuufu nti Darwin yali mukugu mu by’obutonde mu bujjuvu eyakola okwetegereza okutuufu ku butonde, n’ayiga ku nsonga ye era ng’amanyi okuwandiika ku kunoonyereza kwe. Tewali muntu yenna asomye ekitabo kye ekiyitibwa magnum opus On the Origin of Species ayinza kukiwakanya ekyo.

   Naye, bakyamu mu kukkiriza endowooza ya Darwin nti ebika byonna bisikira okuva mu katoffaali kamu akasookerwako (endowooza y’obutoffaali ku muntu obw’olubereberye). Ensonga nnyangu: Darwin teyasobola kulaga byokulabirako byonna eby’enkyukakyuka mu bika mu kitabo kye On the Origin of Species, wabula ebyokulabirako byokka eby’enjawulo n’okutuukagana n’embeera. Bino bintu bibiri eby’enjawulo. Enjawulo, gamba ng’obunene bw’omumwa gw’ekinyonyi, obunene bw’ebiwaawaatiro, oba okuziyiza obulungi obuwuka obumu, mu ngeri yonna tekakasa nti ebika byonna ebiriwo kati byasibuka mu katoffaali kamu akasooka. Ebigambo bino wammanga byogera ebisingawo ku mulamwa. Darwin yennyini yalina okukkiriza nti teyalina byakulabirako bya nkyukakyuka za nnamaddala mu bika. Mu ngeri eno, kiyinza okugambibwa nti Darwin yabuzaabuza ssaayansi:

 

Darwin: Mu butuufu nkooye okugamba abantu nti sigamba nti nnina bujulizi bwonna obutereevu obulaga nti ekika kikyuse ne kifuuka ekika ekirala era nti ndowooza eno ntuufu okusinga kubanga ebintu bingi nnyo ebirabika bisobola okukuŋŋaanyizibwa mu bibinja ne binnyonnyolwa okusinziira ku kyo. (14) .

 

Encyclopedia Britannica: Kiteekwa okuggumiza nti Darwin teyagamba nti yali asobola kukakasa nti ebika by’ebiramu byajjawo. Yagamba nti bwe kiba nti enkyukakyuka ebaddewo, ebintu bingi ebitannyonnyolwa bisobola okunnyonnyolwa. Bwe kityo obujulizi obuwagira enkulaakulana tebuli butereevu. 

 

"Kyewuunyisa nnyo nti ekitabo ekifuuse eky'ettutumu olw'okunnyonnyola ensibuko y'ebika tekikinnyonnyola mu ngeri yonna." (Christopher Booker, omuwandiisi w’amawulire mu Times ng’ajuliza ekitabo kya Darwin ekiyitibwa magnum opus, On the Origin of Species )   (15)

 

Singa Darwin yayigiriza mu ngeri nti mu kifo ky’omuti gw’ekika gumu (endowooza y’enkulaakulana, ekitwala nti ebiramu ebiriwo kati byakula okuva mu katoffaali ke kamu ak’olubereberye), wandibaddewo ebikumi n’ebikumi by’emiti gy’ekika, era nti buli muti gulina amatabi n’ebitundu bibiri, yandibadde kumpi n’amazima. Enjawulo ebaawo, nga Darwin bwe yakakasa, naye mu bika ebikulu byokka. Ebitunuuliddwa bikwatagana bulungi n’ekyokulabirako ky’okutonda okusinga n’ekyokulabirako ng’ebika by’obulamu ebiriwo kati bisibuka mu katoffaali kamu akasookerwako, kwe kugamba, ekifaananyi ky’ekikolo kimu:

 

Tusobola okuteebereza kwokka ku bigendererwa ebyaleetera bannassaayansi okwettanira endowooza ya jjajja ow’awamu mu ngeri etavumirira nnyo. Awatali kubuusabuusa obuwanguzi bw’enzikiriza ya Darwin bwayongera ekitiibwa kya bannassaayansi, era endowooza y’enkola ey’otoma yakwatagana bulungi nnyo n’omwoyo gw’omulembe ogwo ne kiba nti endowooza eyo yatuuka n’okufuna obuwagizi obw’ekitalo okuva mu bakulembeze b’eddiini. Mu ngeri yonna, bannassaayansi bakkiriza endowooza eno nga tennagezesebwa nnyo, oluvannyuma ne bakozesa obuyinza bwabwe okumatiza abantu bonna nti enkola z’obutonde zimala okufulumya omuntu okuva mu bakitiriya ne bakitiriya okuva mu ddagala eritabuddwa. Sayansi ow’enkulaakulana yatandika okunoonya obujulizi obuwagira era n’atandika okuvaayo n’ennyinyonnyola ezandifudde obujulizi obubi obutaliimu. (16) .

 

Ebiwandiiko by’ebintu eby’edda nabyo biwakanya endowooza ya Darwin. Kimanyiddwa okumala ebbanga ddene nti tewali nkulaakulana ya mpolampola esobola kulabibwa mu bifo eby’ebintu eby’edda, wadde ng’endowooza y’enkulaakulana yeetaaga okuvaayo kw’obusimu, ebitundu by’omubiri n’ebika ebipya okuyita mu kino. Okugeza, Steven M. Stanley agambye nti: "Tewali kyakulabirako na kimu mu bintu ebimanyiddwa eby'ebintu eby'edda ng'ekintu ekikulu ekipya eky'enzimba kikulaakulana eri ekika kino (17) ."

    Obutakulaakulana mpolampola kibadde kikkirizibwa abakugu abawerako abakulembedde mu by’ebintu eby’edda. Wadde ebifo eby’edda oba ebika eby’omulembe tebiraga byakulabirako bya nkulaakulana mpolampola endowooza ya Darwin gye yeetaaga. Wansi waliwo ebimu ku bigambo okuva mu bakiise b’ebifo eby’ebyafaayo eby’obutonde. Ebifo eby’ebyafaayo eby’obutonde birina okuba n’obujulizi obusinga obulungi obulaga nti byali bifuuse eby’obutonde, naye tebirina. Ekisooka, ekigambo ekyawandiikibwa Stephen Jay Gould, oboolyawo omukugu mu by’ebintu eby’edda asinga okumanyika mu kiseera kyaffe (American Museum). Yeegaanyi okukula mpolampola mu bifo eby’edda:

 

Stephen Jay Gould: Saagala mu ngeri yonna kutyoboola busobozi obuyinza okubaawo mu ndowooza y’okukulaakulana mpolampola. Njagala kwogera kyokka nti ‘tekirabibwangako’ mu njazi.  (Engalo ensajja ya Panda, 1988, lup. 182,183).

 

Dr. Etheridge, omukuumi w’ebintu eby’edda eby’omu Bungereza amanyiddwa ennyo mu nsi yonna:  Mu myuziyamu eno yonna, tewali wadde ekintu ekitono ennyo ekyandikakasizza ensibuko y’ebika okuva mu bika eby’omu makkati. Endowooza y’enkulaakulana teyesigamiziddwa ku kwetegereza n’ensonga. Bwe kituuka ku kwogera ku myaka gy’olulyo lw’omuntu, embeera y’emu. Museum eno ejjudde obujulizi obulaga engeri endowooza zino gye zitaliimu ndowooza. (18) .

 

Tewali n’omu ku bakungu mu myuziyamu ttaano ennene ez’eby’edda asobola kuwaayo wadde ekyokulabirako kimu eky’enjawulo eky’ekiramu ekiyinza okutwalibwa ng’obujulizi obw’okukulaakulana mpolampola okuva mu kika ekimu okudda mu kirala. (Dr. Luther Sunderland’s summary in his book  Darwin’s enigma . Yabuuza abantu bangi abakiikiridde ebifo eby’ebyafaayo eby’obutonde olw’ekitabo kino era n’abawandiikira ng’aluubirira okumanya obujulizi obw’engeri ki bwe balina okukakasa nti baali bafuuse. [19])

 

Ekigambo kino wammanga kigenda mu maaso ku nsonga y’emu. Omugenzi Dr Colin Patterson yali mukugu omukulu mu by’ebintu eby’edda era omukugu mu by’ebintu eby’edda mu British Museum (Natural History). Yawandiika ekitabo ekikwata ku nkulaakulana - naye omuntu bwe yamubuuza lwaki ekitabo kye tekyalina bifaananyi bya bifaananyi eby’omu makkati (ebiramu ebikyukakyuka), yawandiika eky’okuddamu kino wammanga. Mu kuddamu kwe, ayogera ku Stephen J. Gould, oboolyawo omukugu mu by’ebintu eby’edda asinga okumanyika mu nsi yonna (ayongeddeko obugumu):

 

Nzikiriziganya ddala n’endowooza yo ku bikwata ku butabeera na bifaananyi mu kitabo kyange ekikwata ku biramu ebibeera mu nkulaakulana mu mutendera gw’enkyukakyuka. Singa nnali mmanyi ekintu kyonna eky’engeri eyo, eky’ebintu eby’edda oba eby’obulamu, nnandibadde mbiteeka mu kitabo kyange kyeyagalire . Oteesa nti nkozese omuyiiya okulaga ffoomu ez’omu makkati ng’ezo naye yandiggye wa amawulire g’ebifaananyi bye? Mu butuufu, saasobola kumuwa mawulire gano, era singa ensonga nzirekere omuyiiya, tekyandibuze musomi?

   Nawandiika ebiwandiiko by’ekitabo kyange emyaka ena egiyise [mu kitabo agamba nti akkiririza mu ngeri ezimu ez’omu makkati]. Singa kati nkiwandiika, ndowooza nti ekitabo kyandibadde kya njawulo nnyo. Okukyusa mpolampola (okukyuka mpolampola) ndowooza gye nkkiririzaamu. Si lwa kitiibwa kya Darwin kyokka wabula olw’okuba okutegeera kwange ku buzaale kirabika kyetaagisa. Kyokka, kizibu okwewozaako ku [omukugu omututumufu ow’ebintu eby’edda Stephen J.] Gould n’abantu abalala ab’omu myuziyamu y’Amerika bwe bagamba nti tewali bifaananyi bya wakati . Ng’omukugu mu by’ebintu eby’edda, nkola nnyo n’ebizibu by’obufirosoofo nga ntegedde ebika by’ebiramu eby’edda okuva mu bintu eby’ebintu eby’edda. Ogamba nti era waakiri nsaana ‘okuleeta ekifaananyi ky’ebintu eby’edda, ekibinja ky’ebiramu ekimu mwe kyava.’ Njogera butereevu – tewali kifo kya fossil ekyandibadde obujulizi obutayingiramu mazzi . (20) .

 

Kiki ekiyinza okumalirizibwa okuva mu ebyo waggulu? Tusobola okuwa Darwin ekitiibwa ng’omukugu mu by’obutonde omulungi, naye tetusaanidde kukkiriza ndowooza ye ku kusikira ebika okuva mu katoffaali kamu akasookerwako. Obujulizi bweyoleka bulungi nti businga kugwanidde butonzi ne kiba nti Katonda amangu ago buli kimu yakiteekateeka. Enjawulo ebaawo, era ebika bisobola okukyusibwa okutuuka ku ddaala eritali limu nga biyita mu kuzaala, naye bino byonna birina ekkomo erigenda okutuukirizibwa mu bbanga ttono.

    Ekifundikwa kiri nti Darwin yabuza ssaayansi, era bannassaayansi abatakkiririza mu Katonda ne bamugoberera. Kiba kya magezi nnyo okwesigama ku ndowooza y’ebyafaayo nti Katonda yatonda buli kintu ne kitabaawo ku bwakyo. Endowooza eno era ewagirwa nti bannassaayansi tebamanyi ngeri ya kugonjoola ngeri bulamu gye buyinza okujjawo ku bwabwo. Kino kitegeerekeka kubanga tekisoboka. Obulamu bwokka bwe busobola okutonda obulamu, era tewali kintu kyonna kizuuliddwa okuggyako etteeka lino. Ku bitonde by’obulamu ebisooka, kino kitegeeza bulungi Katonda:

 

- (Lub 1:1) Mu lubereberye Katonda yatonda eggulu n’ensi.

 

- (Bar 1:19,20) Kubanga ekyo ekiyinza okumanyibwa Katonda kyeyolekera mu bo; kubanga Katonda akibalaze.

20 ( B ) Kubanga ebintu bye ebitalabika okuva ku kutondebwa kw’ensi birabibwa bulungi, nga bitegeerwa ebintu ebyatondebwa, amaanyi ge agataggwaawo n’Obwakatonda bwe; bwe batyo nga tebalina kwekwasa :

 

- (Kub 4:11) Osaanidde, Ayi Mukama, okufuna ekitiibwa n’ekitiibwa n’amaanyi: kubanga ggwe watonda ebintu byonna, era olw’okusanyuka kwo biri era byatondebwa .

 


 

References:

 

1. Vishal Mangalwadi: Kirja, joka muutti maailmasi (The Book that Made Your World), p. 181,182,186

2. Usko, toivo ja terveys, p. 143, Article by Risto A. Ahonen

3. Matti Korhonen, Uusi tie 6.2.2014, p. 5.

4. John Dewey: ”The American Intellectual Frontier” New Republic, 10.5.1922, vol. 30, p. 303. Republic Publishing 1922

5. Noah J. Efron: Myytti 9: Kristinusko synnytti modernin luonnontieteen, p. 82,83 in book Galileo tyrmässä ja muita myyttejä tieteestä ja uskonnosta (Galileo Goes to Jail and Other Myths about Science and Religion)

6. James Hannam: The Genesis of Science: How the Christian Middle Ages Launched the Scientific Revolution

7. Malcolm Muggeridge: Jesus Rediscovered. Pyramid 1969.

8. David Bentley Hart: Ateismin harhat (Atheist Delusions: The Christian Revolution and its Fashionable Enemies), p. 65

9. Lennart Saari: Haavoittunut planeetta, p. 104

10. James Hannam: The Genesis of Science: How the Christian Middle Ages Launched the Scientific Revolution

11. O'Neill, T., The Dark Age Myth: An atheist reviews God's Philosophers, strangenotions.com, 17 October 2009

12. Ari Turunen: Ei onnistu, p. 201,202

13. Richard Dawkins: Sokea kelloseppä, p. 20

14. Darwin, F & Seward A. C. toim. (1903, 1: 184): More letters of Charles Darwin. 2 vols. London: John Murray.

15. Christopher Booker: “The Evolution of a Theory”, The Star, Johannesburg, 20.4.1982, p. 19

16.  Philip E. Johnson: Darwin on Trial, p. 152

17. Steven M. Stanley: Macroevolution: Pattern and Process. San Francisco: W.M. Freeman and Co. 1979, p. 39

18. Thoralf Gulbrandsen: Puuttuva rengas, p. 94

19. Sit. kirjasta "Taustaa tekijänoikeudesta maailmaan", Kimmo Pälikkö ja Markku Särelä, p. 19.

20. Carl Wieland: Kiviä ja luita (Stones and Bones), p. 15,16

 


 


 

 

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jesus is the way, the truth and the life

 

 

  

 

Grap to eternal life!

 

Other Google Translate machine translations:

 

Obukadde n'obukadde bw'emyaka / dinosaurs / evolution y'omuntu?
Okusaanyaawo dinosaurs
Sayansi mu kwewuunya: endowooza z’abatakkiririza mu Katonda ku nsibuko n’obukadde n’obukadde bw’emyaka
Dinosaurs zawangaala ddi?

Ebyafaayo bya Baibuli
Amataba

Enzikiriza y’Ekikristaayo: ssaayansi, eddembe ly’obuntu
Obukristaayo ne ssaayansi
Enzikiriza y’Ekikristaayo n’eddembe ly’obuntu

Amadiini g'obuvanjuba / New Age
Buddha, Buddha oba Yesu?
Okuzaalibwa omulundi ogw’okubiri kituufu?

Obusiraamu
Ebibikkulirwa bya Muhammad n'obulamu bwe
Okusinza ebifaananyi mu Busiraamu ne mu Makka
Kur’ani yeesigika?

Ebibuuzo ebikwata ku mpisa
Sumululwa okuva mu bisiyaga
Obufumbo obutaliimu kikula kya bantu
Okuggyamu embuto kikolwa kya bumenyi bw’amateeka
Okutta omuntu n’obubonero bw’ebiseera

Obulokozi
Osobola okulokolebwa