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This is a machine translation made by Google Translate and has not been checked. There may be errors in the text. On the right, there are more links to translations made by Google Translate. In addition, you can read other articles in your own language when you go to my English website (Jari's writings), select an article there and transfer its web address to Google Translate (https://translate.google.com/?sl=en&tl=fi&op=websites).
Kunamata zvidhori muIslam uye muMecca
Verenga kuti kune zvakawanda zvakasara zvekunamata zvidhori kusati kwaIslam muIslam yanhasi. Mazhinji acho akabatana nerwendo rwekuMecca
Uri muMuslim here, apedza rwendo rwokuenda kuMecca kana kuti ari kufunga kuita kudaro? Kana uri munhu akadaro, chinyorwa ichi ndechako. Chinyorwa ichi chinobata nezvekutanga kweIslam, uye nemabatiro azvinoita nekunamata zvidhori. Ndechimwe chinhu icho vaMuslim vapachokwadi vazhinji vangaramba, vachiti hakuna kunamata zvidhori muIslam. Zvisinei, zvinokosha kuziva kuti Mbiru yechishanu yeIslam, rwendo rwokuenda kuMecca, ine zvinhu zvakawanda zvine chokuita nokunamata zvidhori. Zviri pamusoro pezvinhu zvaive zvatove hunhu hwechitendero chekare cheArabu nguva yeIslam naMuhammad isati yasvika. Vakagarwa nhaka savakadaro muIslam yemazuva ano. Kana usingatendi izvi, unofanira kuverenga mitsara inotevera. Uri kunamata Mwari mumwe chete zvechokwadi here kana kuti uri mutsigiri uye muteveri wekunamata zvidhori kwekare paunoenda kuMecca? Kubatana nekunamata zvidhori kwakapfuura uye tsika yemazuva ano yekufambira inosanganisira, semuenzaniso, zvinhu zvinoonekwa mune rondedzero.
• Nzvimbo yekushanya iMecca • Kufamba uchitenderera temberi kakawanda • Kutsvoda kana kubata dombo dema • Vanamati vavamwari vechihedheni muMecca vaizviti vaHanif • Kupira mhuka • Kufamba kuenda kuGomo reArafat • Kushanyira zvikomo zveSafa neMarwa
Nzvimbo yerwendo rwekuenda kuMecca . Mecca iri iyo nzvimbo yekushanya kunobva kune maitiro ekutanga. Tsika iyi haina kuzvarwa kubudikidza naMuhammad, asi vanamati vezvidhori nemaArabu vaivewo netsika yekuenda kuguta rimwechete paArabia Peninsula. Vaitora chikamu mumhemberero dzechitendero paTembere yeKaaba uye mukunamata zvifananidzo mazana matatu nemakumi matanhatu mutemberi. Izvo zvakafanana nerwendo rwemazuva ano, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, ndechekuti chinangwa cherwendo rwavo chaive chimwe chete, vainzi hanifs uye ivo vakaitawo zvakada kufanana zvikamu zverwendo sezvazviri nhasi. Mabasa emazuva ano ane chokuita neMecca akafanana zvakajeka neayo ekare. Kuitika kumwe cheteko munguva yakapfuura kwakapfuurira kusvikira Muhammad, uyo pachake akanga ari muchengeti wenzvimbo tsvene panguva apo kwakanga kuchine zvidhori 360, akasarudza kuvhara guta kune vose kunze kwevateveri vechitendero cheIslam. Zvakaitika mugore ra630, asi zvakadaro mushure meizvi, Muhammad akachengeta chitendero chekare uye tsika dzekunamata zvidhori - mabasa akararama nanhasi. Sahih Bukhari, muunganidzwa wehadith, inosimbisa kuti tsika yechiIslam pachayo inoreva sei kunamata zvidhori mutemberi yeKaaba. Paiva nezvifananidzo mazana matatu nemakumi matanhatu zvainamatwa.
Nguva yaMuhammad isati yasvika, kunamata zvidhori kwemarudzi echiArab kwainge kwakanangana netemberi yeKaaba muMecca yakaita secube. Tsika yechiIslam pachayo inosimbisa kuti vanamwari mazana matatu nemakumi matanhatu vainamatwa muMecca: “Abdullah bin Masud akati,’ Muporofita paakasvika kuMecca, pakanga paine zvidhori mazana matatu nemakumi matanhatu zvakatenderedza Kaaba” (Sahih Bukhari) (1)
Kufamba-famba temberi yeKaaba. Kubatana kwekutanga nekunamata zvidhori kwekare kwaiva kuenda kuMecca. Pfungwa yechipiri yekufanana iri kufamba uchitenderedza tembere yeKaaba. Apo nhasi maMuslim anotenderedza Kaaba kanomwe, ichi chaivewo chikamu chekunamata zvidhori nekufamba kwekare: kunyangwe ipapo vanhu vaitenderera tembere, vaipa ruremekedzo kwairi uye vakatsvoda dombo dema kune rimwe divi rayo. Izvi zvinhu zvakafanana nerwendo rwemazuva ano rwekuenda kuMecca. Nokudaro, imi munoita zviito zvekushanya izvi, muri kutevera tsika dzevanamati vezvidhori vakapfuura, idzo dzakaendeswa seizvi kuIslam yanhasi. Mukuwedzera, mamwe mareferensi ezvakaitika kare anotsanangura kuti vanhu kune imwe nzvimbo vakafamba sei mamwe matemberi nematombo, akadai seKaaba Temple. Izvi zvave zvichinongedzerwa kune, zvirinani, nevanyori venhoroondo dzechiGiriki. Mashoko anotevera anoratidza kuti tsika imwe cheteyo yaizivikanwa sei mukunamata zvidhori kwekare.
Vanhu vaKuraishi vakatora mwari wavo ainzi Hubhari, akanga akamira pamucheto petsime mukati metemberi yeKaaba. Vainamatawo Isaf naNa'ila pedyo neZamzam, nzvimbo yavaipira... MaArabu akatora, kuwedzera kuKaaba, taghuts kana temberi dzavairemekedza. Idzi dzaive temberi dzavairemekedza seKaaba uye vaive nevarindi vemikova nevachengeti vavo. MaArabu akavapa mipiro sezvavaiita kuKaaba uye vakaitenderedza sezvavaiita vachitenderedza Kaaba. Vaiurayawo mhuka pedyo nenzvimbo idzi. (2)
Kutsvoda dombo dema. Kubatana kumwechete pakati pekwaichimbova kunamata zvidhori nerwendo rwezvino kuMecca kutsvoda uye kubata kwedombo dema mutemberi yeKaaba. Zvakare maArabu pamazuva akare aigarotsvoda dombo iri nokurinamata samwari nguva refu mazuva aMuhammad asati asvika. Dombo dema ndicho chinhu chairemekedzwa zvikuru mutemberi yekare uye chainyanya kunamatwa kunamatwa. VaBedouin vaichinamatawo pamwe chete nemamwe matombo kare nguva yeIslam naMuhammad isati yasvika. Saka zvinotoda kuziva kuti maMuslim mazuva ano vanotsvoda dombo raimboshandiswa mukunamata zvidhori. Unogona sei kuita seizvi semuMuslim kana dombo dema raive chinhu chepakati chekunamata zvidhori kwekare? Sei muchipfuuridzira tsika yekare yekunamata zvidhori?
ChiIslam chisati chavapo, maArabu ainamata vamwari vakawanda, uye rudzidziso rwavo sezvingabvira rwakafanana nechitendero chemarudzi ekare echiSemite. … (…) Kuwedzera kuvamwari vanonyanya kunamatwa, dzinza rimwe nerimwe rinoita sokuti rakanga riine vanamwari varo. Mwari weMecca angangove aive mwari anozivikanwa zvishoma (mwedzi) Hubal uyo maererano netsika ainamatwa mutemberi yeKaaba isati yazvarwa Islam. Mukuwedzera kuvamwari chaivo, mabwe matsvene, zvitubu, uye miti zvainamatwa. Kunamata matombo kwave kwakajairika kune pre-Islamic Bedouin, zvakare maGreek masosi akataura izvi. Matombo anogona kunge akaumbwa ega kana kuti akanyatsotsanangurwa. VaBedouin vainamata zvose zviri zviviri matombo akasimba namatombo zvavaitakura nazvo. Dombo dema reKaaba rainamatwa zvakare kare munguva yechiIslam isati yasvika. (3)
Temberi yeKaaba nedombo rayo dema nokudaro chikamu chakakosha chemuitiro wechitendero cheIslam. Kunoonekawo muidi rokuti vaMuslim vanonamata vakatarira kuMecca. Izvi zvine chokuita nechitendero chokuti dombo dema rinogona kushanda somurevereri wemunamato here? Kana izvi zvikafungwa, kana kuti kana nhungamiro yomunyengetero ichikosha, zvinotungamirira kuMecca nedombo dema sezvinhu zvokunamatwa kwezvidhori. Kana kuti handizvo here? Izvi zvakasiyanawo nemunamato wechiKristu wenguva dzose, apo tinogona kungoudza Mwari zvinotinetsa ( VaF 4:6 : Musafunganya pamusoro pechimwe chinhu; asi muzvinhu zvose kukumbira kwenyu ngakuziviswe Mwari nokunyengetera nokuteterera pamwe chete nokuonga.) Hazvinei nekunanga kwemunamato. Nei zvino maMuslim vachibvuma kutsvoda kwedombo dema uye zvimwe zviito zvakafanana nekunamata zvidhori? Izvi zvakaoma kunzwisisa. Mashoko anotevera anotaura zvakawanda nezvenyaya yacho. Tsika dzechiIslam pachadzo dzinoti tsika dzese dzemazuva ano dzakaita sekuenda kuMecca, Ramadan, kutenderedza Kaaba, kutsvoda dombo dema, kumhanya pakati peSaf neMarwa, kutema Satani nematombo uye kunwa kubva muchitubu cheZamzam ndezvechihedheni:
Pashure pokunge vatenderera Kaaba kanomwe, vanamati vakakurumidza kuenda kuzvidhori zvaifananidzira Satani kunze kweMecca ndokuzvitema nematombo. Kutsika iyi yainyanyobatana nekumhanya kanomwe pakati pemakomo Safa neMarw. Vakanga vari pedyo nemusikiti mukuru weMecca. Nhambwe iri pakati pemakomo inosvika mazana mana emamita. Koran inobvumikisa kuti iyi tsika yokuita yakanga iri kushanda pamberi peIslam. Apo vaMuslim vakabvunza Muhammad nenzira inoshamisa chikonzero nei vaifanira kutevera iyi tsika yechihedheni, akagamuchira mhinduro kubva kuna Allah:
Tarirai! Safa naMarwa ndezvimwe zveZviratidzo zvaAllah. Saka kana avo vanoshanyira imba (Kaaba) muMwaka kana dzimwe nguva, vakavakomberedza, hachisi chitadzo mavari. (Nzvimbo 2:158)
Nhamba huru yavanhu nokudaro yakaungana kuMecca kuzonamata vamwari vakaiswa mukati kana kuti kumativi ose chivako chakanga chakafukidzwa namachira matema. Rudzi rwese kana munhu aisvika muguta aitenderwa kusarudza mwari wavaida zvikuru kubva kuKaaba. Idzi nzendo dzaipa mari yakanaka kurudzi rwechiQuraish, avo, senhengo dzerudzi rukuru muMecca, vaitarisira nekutarisa nzvimbo inoera (…) Pave paine fungidziro dzakawanda pamusoro pekuti nei Muhammad akasiya tsika dzechihedheni idzo kuIslam. Chimwe chikonzero chingave chaiva chokuti akavasiya kuti vararame kuti vafadze dzinza reQuraish, nokuti tsika idzi hadzina kutyisidzira zvakananga Islam kana kuramba Allah. Apo vanhu vechiQuraish vakatendeukirawo kuvaMuslim mushure mekukundwa kweMecca, ivo, sevachengeti veKaaba, vaigamuchira mari yakanaka gore negore kubva kumapilgrim aisvika muMecca. Zivo yemavambo echihedheni etsika dzazvino uno inogona kuva chokwadi chinonyadzisa kune avo vanoda kuramba uchapupu hwakapiwa nenhau. (4)
Dombo dema uye kubatana nekunamata mwedzi . Zvakataurwa pamusoro apa kuti kutsvoda kwedombo dema uye dzimwe tsika dzemazuva ano dzekufamba kwechiIslam dzakaonekwa mukunamata zvidhori kare Muhammad asati. Muhammad akagamuchira idzi tsika dzechihedheni sorutivi rwomuitiro wechiIslam worudzidziso. Imwe yekubatanidza kune yakapfuura zvakare chiratidzo chemwedzi. Vanhu vokuMiddle East vaimbonamata mwedzi, zuva, nenyeredzi. Jeko romwedzi rakawanwa pazviuru zveatari, midziyo yevhu, midziyo, mazango, mhete, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakagadzirwa. Rinoreva kuwanda kwekunamata kwemwedzi. Vanamati vezvidhori muMecca vaidavirawo kuti dombo dema rakanga radonhedzwa kubva kudenga namwari wemwedzi Hubal (ona kunokorwa mashoko kwapfuura!). Zvakadaro, maonero aya akazochinjwa naMuhammad pachake, nokuti aitenda kuti dombo rakatumwa nengirozi Gabrieri kubva kuParadhiso uye kuti dombo pakutanga rakanga riri jena asi rakashandurwa kuita dema nokuda kwezvivi zvavanhu. Muhammad aive akarurama here kana kuti inongova meteorite yakajairika yakawira pasi? Hazvibviri kuratidza izvi ikozvino. Mashoko anotevera anopfuurira pamusoro pemusoro mumwe chetewo, ndiko kunamatwa kwedombo dema, uye kuti ibwe iri rakadavirwa sei kuva rakavamba kubva kumwedzi, uye kuti mwari wemwedzi Hubhari akaridonhedza kubva mudenga. Pamatenga emisikiti yanhasi, jeko remwedzi richiri kushandiswa, iro rinoyeuchidza nezvekunamata zvidhori kwakapfuura; sekutsvoda kwedombo dema nedzimwe nzira dzekufamba.
Kusiyana nevaPersia avo - vakadzidziswa naZoroastrian - vainamata Zuva senzvimbo yekugara yeMunhu Wekumusoro-soro uye vaibatanidza zvakanaka nechiedza nemoto, uye zvakaipa nerima, maArabu emazuva iwayo aiwanzonamata Mwedzi. KumuPezhiya aigara munyika yemakomo marefu, kupisa kunobva kuZuva kungangodaro kwakagamuchirwa asi kumuArab wemubani rerenje, Zuva raive muurayi uye Mwedzi wakaunza dova nerima mushure mekupisa kunovira uye nechiedza chinopenya. Maererano nengano yechihedheni, kwaidavirwa kuti Hobhari, Mwari weMwedzi akadonhedza dombo dema re<em>meteorite reKaaba kubva Kudenga. Yainzi itsvene kare Islam isati yasvika, uye yainamatwa nevafambi nevafambi vaitenda kuti Mwedzi aivewo mwari. (5)
Imwezve quote pane imwecheteyo nyaya. Inoratidza kuti chitendero chikuru chevanhu vekuMiddle East chakabatana sei nekunamatwa kwemwedzi, zuva nenyeredzi. Kana mwedzi muchena wave padenga remamosque mazhinji, ireferensi yekunamata zvidhori kwakapfuura:
Al-Hadis (Bhuku 4, Chitsauko 42, No. 47) ine chirevo chinokatyamadza chaMuhammad: “Abu Razin al-Uqaili akati: Ndakabvunza: Iwe Mutumwa waAllah: Ko munhu wese muZuva rekumutswa anoona Tenzi wavo pachena fomu? 'Hungu,' akapindura kudaro. Ndakabvunza: Chii chiratidzo cheizvi muzvisikwa Zvake? Ivo vakati: Ah Abu Razin. Hakusi kuti mumwe nomumwe wenyu anoona mwedzi muchiedza chemwedzi wakazara usina chinhu here? Ndima iyi inopa chiratidzo chekuti mwedzi waive mucherechedzo waAllah. Tsvakurudzo yakaratidza kuti:
• Allah aive chifananidzo cheArab kwemazana emakore. “Ndiye Ishe wenyu newamadzibaba enyu (Surah 44:8). Mwari wemaArabu nemadzitateguru avo akanga asiri Mwari waAbrahama, Isaka naJakobho, YHVH Jehovha, asi Allah. • Mwedzi waiva chiratidzo chaAllah. • Allah ainzi Mwari weMwedzi.
(…) Nyanzvi dzezvitendero zvokuMadokero dzinobvumirana neBhaibheri kuti chitendero chikuru chevanhu vokuMiddle East chaibatanidzwa nokunamata mwedzi, zuva, uye nyeredzi. Zviuru zveatari, midziyo yevhu, midziyo, mazango, mhete, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanikwa nenyanzvi dzekare zvine jeko romwedzi. Inotaura nezvokunamatwa kwakapararira kwomwedzi. Zvinyorwa zvemahwendefa evhu zvakawanikwa mukuchera matongo ane tsananguro dzevakaurayiwa vakapiwa kumwedzi. Mumwe angabvunza kuti sei jeko romwedzi richiri pamatenga edzimba dzemisikiti nhasi. Chiratidzo chaMwari, chokwadika, chakaiswa pamatenga edzimba nenzira imwe cheteyo iyo vaKristu vanoisa muchinjikwa mumachechi avo sechiratidzo choruponeso rwakaitwa naKristu. Nemhaka yokuti kunamatwa kwomwedzi kwakanga kwakakurumbira muMiddle East yose, maArabu akanga ariwo vanamati vemwedzi. Nzvimbo inoera, Kaaba, yakavakirwawo Mwari weMwedzi. Yaiva nechinhu chinokosha chokunamatwa, dombo dema rakadonha kubva kuMwedzi, iro Muhammad akatsvoda panguva yokukunda Mecca. (6)
Kuziviswa kwaMuhammad kwavamwarikadzi vatatu . Zviri pamusoro apa zvakakurukurwa pamusoro pokunamata zvidhori muMecca uye rwendo rwokunamata ikoko. Kwakacherechedzwa kuti kutsvoda kwedombo dema, kutenderera kweKaaba, uye mamwe marudzi okunamata zvidhori aiitwa muMecca zvakanga zvakajairika sei kunyange nguva yechiIslam isati yasvika. Muhammad akavagamuchira savakadaro muIslam yemazuva ano. Naizvozvo, zvimiro zvakafanana zvokunamata zvidhori zvichiri kushandiswa. SomuMuslim, zvakanaka kuti uzvibvunze umene, uri kupinda murudzi rumwe cheterwo rwokunamata zvidhori mukati merwendo rwokuenda kunzvimbo tsvene kuMecca urwo vanamati vezvidhori vakare vaiita mazana amakore apfuura here? Ipapo tinoenda kune imwe nyaya ine chekuita naMuhammad uye kunamata zvidhori. Iri maererano nezvinodanwa kubva mundima dzasatani, kureva Korani ndima 53:19, 20. Tichazviongorora zvinotevera. Maererano negamuchidzanwa, aya mavhesi, anorondedzera vamwarikadzi vatatu vainamatwa navaArab ( Allat, al-Uzza, uye Manat ), pakutanga aibatanidza nongedzero inorondedzera ava vamwarikadzi sorudzi rwakati rwavarevereri. Nemamwe mashoko, mavhesi aya akagamuchirwa naMuhammad akakurudzira vanhu kutendeukira kuvamwari vechihedheni. Nekuda kwemavhesi aya, vagari vemuMecca vaive vakagadzirira kureurura kuti Muhammad aive Muporofita. Vanotendwa kuti vanga vari muchimiro chinotevera. Ndima yadzimwa yakanyorwa nemavara matema:
Waona here Allat naal-Uzza naManat, wechitatu? " Ava ndivo zvisikwa zvepamusoro uye kureverera kwavo kunogona kutarisirwa."
Chinocherechedzwa pamusoro peizvi ndechekuti hachisi kugadzirwa kwevekunze, asi chave chichitaurwa nezvacho neIslam yekutanga masosi. Aya manyuko ekutanga nevanyori vawo havana kuramba chinzvimbo chaMuhammad semuporofita. Yakanongedzerwa kwairi nevaMuslim vanonamata vakadai saIbn Ishag, Ibn Sa'd, naTabari, pamwe chete nemunyori akazotevera weQur'an tsinhiro Zamakhshari (1047-1143). Zvakaoma chaizvo kubvuma kuti vangadai vakataura nezvenyaya iyi dai vasina kuiona kuti ndeyechokwadi. Chinhu chimwechete chinotsanangurwa mumutsara unotevera, uyo unoreva tsinhiro yakaitwa na imam paQur'an. Zvinoratidza kuti ndima iyi muKorani yakashandurwa sei nekuti Muhammadi akakurumidza kugamuchira chizaruro chitsva chakapesana. Zvinoratidzawo chokwadi kuti Korani yakavakirwa sei pazvakazarurwa nemashoko akagamuchirwa naMuhammad. Zvinokosha
Imam El- Syouty anotsanangura Sura 17:74 yeKoran mutsinhiro yake sezvinotevera: “Maererano naMuhammad, Mwanakomana waKaab , hama yokunyama yaKarz , muporofita Muhammad akarava Sura 53 kutozosvikira asvika kuchikamu chacho, icho chakati: “Waona here Allat naAl-Uzza (vamwari vechiHedheni)…” Muchikamu chino, dhiyabhorosi pachake akaita kuti Muhammad ataure kuti maMuslim vanogona kunamata vamwari vechiHedheni ava vachivakumbira kureverera.” Uye kubva mumashoko aMuhammad, A. ndima yakawedzerwa kuKorani. Muporofita Muhammad akasuwa kwazvo nemashoko ake, kusvikira Mwari vamukurudzira nerimwe idzva, “Sezvazvagara zvichiitwa, kana tatumira mutumwa kana muporofita, Satani anoisa zvaanoda pavari, asi Mwari vanodzima, Satani akavavhenganisa, uye ipapo anosimbisa mucherechedzo wake amene. Mwari anoziva, akachenjera.” (Sura 22:52.) Nekuda kweizvi Sura 17:73-74 inoti: “Uye zvirokwazvo vakanga vafunga kukubvisa pane zvatakakuzarurira iwe, kuti utiitire zvimwe zvisiri izvo, uye zvirokwazvo vangadai vakakuita shamwari. Uye dai tisina kuti takakusimbisa, zvirokwazvo ungadai wakava pedyo navo zvishoma. (7)
Chirevo chinotevera chinotaura nezvenyaya imwe chete, ndima dzasatani. Zvinoratidza kuti iyi nhau haisati iri mavambo evokunze, asi yakanongedzerwa kwairi namanyuko apakuvamba echiIslam uye kuti Muhammad akanga akarerekera sei kubvuma kunamata zvidhori. Vanyori havana kuramba kukosha kwaMuhammad semuporofita:
Nyaya yemavhesi aSatani yagara iri chikonzero chakasimba chekunyadziswa kwemaMuslim kwemazana emakore. Zvamazvirokwazvo, zvinofananidzira kutaura kwese kwaMuhammad kuti aive muporofita. Kana Satani akambokwanisa kuisa mashoko mumuromo waMuhammad akamuita kuti afunge kuti akanga ari mashoko aibva kuna Allah, zvino ndiani angati Satani haana kushandisa Muhammad semutauriri wake mune dzimwe nguva zvakare? …Zvakaoma kunzwisisa, sei uye sei nyaya yakadai ingave yakagadzirwa, uyewo sei uye sei maMuslim akazvipira akadai saIbn Ishag , Ibn Sa'd naTabari, pamwe nemunyori akazotevera werondedzero yeKorani, Zamakhsari (1047-1143) - kubva kwaari zvinonetsa kutenda kuti angadai akadaro dai aisavimba nekwakabva - akafunga kuti ndezvechokwadi. Pano, pamwe chete nedzimwe nzvimbo, humbowo hwekutanga kwechiIslam hwakasimba . Kunyange zvakadaro Zviitiko izvi zvinogona kutsanangurwa neimwe nzira, avo vanoshuva kuti dai vaita kuti muenzaniso wemavhesi aSatani uende, havangarambe chokwadi chekuti zvinhu izvi zvehupenyu hwaMuhammed hazvisi zvakaitwa nevavengi vake, asi ruzivo pamusoro pazvo rwakabva kuvanhu. , uyo ainyatsotenda kuti Muhammad aiva muporofita waAllah. (8)
Chii chinogona kugumiswa kubva pamusoro apa? Tinogona kuona kuti Muhammad aive munhu ane chikanganiso. Akakotama pamberi pevanhu achigamuchira mavhesi aikurudzira kunamatwa kwezvidhori zvitatu uye izvo zvaigona kukumbirwa kwazviri. Mabviro ekutanga echiIslam anoreva zvakaitwa naMuhammad, saka haisi kugadzirwa kwevekunze vane utsinye. Muhammad akanga ariwo seri kweidi rokuti tsika yekare yokunamata zvidhori, iyo yakanga ichiitwa muMecca kwamazana amakore, yakatamisirwa muchimiro chakafanana kuIslam. Izvi zvaisanganisira zvinhu zvataurwa pamusoro apa, zvakadai sokuenda kuMecca, vanhu kutenderera temberi, kutsvoda kana kubata dombo dema, kubayira mhuka, kufamba kuenda kuGomo reArafat, uye kushanyira zvikomo zveSafa neMarwa. Muhammad akasimbisa idzi tsika dzekare dzokunamata zvidhori.
References:
1. Martti Ahvenainen: Islam Raamatun valossa, p. 20 2. Ibn Hisham: Profeetta Muhammadin elämäkerta, p. 19 3. Jaakko Hämeen-Anttila: Johdatus Koraaniin, p. 28 4. Martti Ahvenainen: Islam Raamatun valossa, p. 23,24 5. Anthony Nutting: The Arabs, pp. 17,18 6. Martti Ahvenainen: Islam Raamatun valossa, pp. 244,2427. Ismaelin lapset, p. 14 8. Robert Spencer: Totuus Muhammadista (The Truth About Muhammad: Founder of the World’s Most Intolerant Religion) p. 92,93
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Jesus is the way, the truth and the life
Grap to eternal life!
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Other Google Translate machine translations:
Mamirioni emakore / dinosaurs /
kushanduka kwevanhu? |
