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Euthanasia uye zviratidzo zvenguva
Dzidza kuti euthanasia inorevei, zvinhu zvipi zvakashandiswa kuzvipembedza, uye kuti kuzvigamuchira kunotungamira kupi
Nyaya ino inotaura nezveeuthanasia, kana kuti kufa ngoni, uko chaizvoizvo kunoreva kubudisa rufu nokuda kwomurwere ane upenyu hwaasingaoni kuti hwakakodzera kurarama. Inyaya inombomukazve vamwe vanhu vachiti ngaiitwe zviri pamutemo. Vavariro yacho ingava yokurega kutambura, zvikonzero zvemari, kana kuti kuchengeta chiremera murufu. Matemu akakosha munzvimbo iyi anosanganisira:
Voluntary euthanasia zvinoreva kuuraya munhu pachikumbiro chemunhu. Kunofananidzwa nekubatsirwa kuzviuraya.
Non-voluntary euthanasia zvinoreva kuuraya munhu uchifunga kuti zviri nani kuti afe. Vamwe vanhu vanosarudza kudaro nokuti anenge ashungurudzwa haakwanisi kutaura zvaanofunga.
Involuntary euthanasia kuuraya munhu vasingadi.
Active euthanasia zvinoreva kuuraya munhu kuburikidza nechiito, sekupa muchetura unouraya.
Passive euthanasia zvinoreva kukurumidza kufa nekurega kurapwa kana kudzivirira kuwana zvinovaka muviri nemvura. Mutsika haisati iri kure neauthanasia inoshingaira, sezvo ose ari maviri achiitirwa kuguma norufu.
Asi nzira yekutaura nayo iyi nyaya yakakomba, iyo inobata pamibvunzo yakadzama yehupenyu: kukosha kwehupenyu hwevanhu, kutambura uye vavakidzani? Idzi ndidzo nyaya dzinoongororwa pazasi. Chinangwa ndechekutanga kukurukura nharo dzinowanzozivikanwa, dzakashandiswa kudzivirira euthanasia.
Chii chinonzi upenyu hune chinangwa ? Imwe yezvikonzero zveeuthanasia ndeye kuti kana munhu akaremara zvakanyanya kana hurwere, zvinomutadzisa kurarama hupenyu hune chiremera uye hune chinangwa. Kunofungwa kuti upenyu hwake hahugoni kuva hwakaita kuti agutsikane uye afare. Zvisinei, mubvunzo unokosha ndewokuti ndiani anotsanangura mararamiro emunhu? Semuenzaniso, vanhu vazhinji vakaremara kubva pakuzvarwa (semuenzaniso Down's syndrome) vanogona kufara nekugutsikana muhupenyu hwavo. Vanogona kuunza mufaro kune zvakavapoteredza, kunyange zvazvo upenyu hwavo hungava hwakaganhurirwa zvikuru kupfuura vamwe. Zvakaipa kutaura kuti havararami upenyu hune chinangwa. Kana tikayera kukosha kwedu chete mukubudirira, saka tinokanganwa vanhu. Zvakadini nemishonga yekunyaradza marwadzo uye rubatsiro rwekurapa rwemhando yehupenyu? Zvinoshamisa kuti nharo ye euthanasia yakangouya munguva dzemazuva ano, apo mamiriro ekugadzirisa marwadzo ari nani kupfuura kare. Iye zvino zviri nyore kubvisa marwadzo emuviri kuburikidza nemishonga. Vakawanda vakakuvadzwa mutsaona kana kuti vakarwadziwa vanogona kuzvishandisa kurarama upenyu hunogutsa. Kazhinji kazhinji, chinetso hachisati chiri marwadzo, asi kuora mwoyo, uko kunosunda munhu kuda kufa. Zvisinei, zvinokwanisika kupora kubva pakuora mwoyo, uye kurwadziwa kunogonawo kubviswa mumamiriro ezvinhu akanyanya kuburikidza neanesthesia. Munhu wese anogona kusangana nenguva dzekuora mwoyo uye kurwadziwa kwepanyama munguva yehupenyu hwavo. Vamwe vanogonawo kutaura kuti vanotenda kupihwa nguva yakawanda yekurarama nerubatsiro rwemichina yekufema nemachubhu (wedzero pamwedzi kubva kuHelsingin Sanomat, 1992 / 7 - chinyorwa "Eläköön elämä" [Hurrah life]) - iyo vatsigiri vazhinji. euthanasia inoona kudzikisira uye kusakodzera chiremera chemunhu. Nokudaro, hazvina kunaka kutaura kuvanhu vose, kuti chimwe chirwere kana kuremara ndicho chipingamupinyi pahupenyu hwavo. Vanhu vamwechetevo vanogona kunge vakazopora zvizere kana kumuka kubva pakoma yakadzika mushure memwedzi. Mhosva dzakadai dzinozivikanwawo.
Zvinoshamisa kuti, nzanga inoisa vanhu vane hutano hwakanaka uye vakangwara pamhando yehupenyu hwepamusoro, zvisinei nekuti ivo dzimwe nguva vanonyanya kusafara. Ukuwo, nzanga inorangarira mararamiro evarombo akaderera, kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nguva vachigona kugutsikana zvikuru. (1)
Kutsoropodza kwakakosha kunopesana nekurapa kunogona kutorwa sekuti inowanzotaurira nezvemafungiro emunhu akakodzera uye ane hutano kune kurapwa kwechirwere chakakomba. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti mafungiro evanhu anochinja panyaya iyi. Munhu ane utano haaiti zvisarudzo zvakafanana nezvomunhu anorwara. Sezvo tarisiro yeupenyu inoderera, upenyu hunowanzonzwa hunokosha zvikuru. Mumwe chiremba aiva nekenza akasimbirira mumwe wake kuti azvibaye jekiseni rinouraya sezvo chirwere chacho chaiwedzera. Ipapo, apo kenza yakawedzera, murwere akatya uye akanga asingavimbiki zvokuti akaramba kunyange majekiseni okunyaradza marwadzo. Nekudaro, varwere vakaremara zvakanyanya vanosarudza hupenyu pane rufu. Mushure metsaona, mumwe chete wetetraplegics (quadriplegics) akaponeswa nemuchina wekufema akashuvira kubvumidzwa kufa. Varwere vaviri vaive vasina chokwadi, asi gumi nevasere vakashuvira rubatsiro rwenguva pfupi yekufema kana zvichidikanwa. (2) (3)
Vanhu vakaremara nevasina kuremara munharaunda yedu havadi kusimbaradzwa kwechifananidzo chevanhu chakasikirwa isu nevashambadzi venhema uye vashambadziri vemakwikwi, mitambo, hutano, runako, hupenyu huri nyore - uye kufa kuri nyore. .. Vanoedzawo nguva dzose kutiudza kuti mufaro uye kutambura hazvikwanisi kukwana mumunhu mumwe chete uye muupenyu humwe chete kana rufu panguva imwe chete. Zvinopokana kwatiri kuti chirema chirema chete uye kwete panguva imwe cheteyo zvakare mutano uye munhu nezvimwe zvakawanda. Chombo chakakosha zvikuru mukuchengetedza kufunga kweavo vane simba ipfungwawo yekuti kusabatsira uye kutsamira zvinhu zvakaipa chete. Nenzira imwecheteyo, chombo chine njodzi kutaurawo nezvehupenyu hwakanaka - vane masimba vanoti kune chinhu chakadaro vozotsanangura kuti chii. Nhasi, Mumiriri uye musanganisi wezvakawanda zvekufunga kwakajairwa ndiJorma Palo paanonyora nezvekunyadziswa kwakaoma zvakanyanya kutambura kunoenderana nehurema. Kunyadziswa kunouya kune vanhu vazhinji nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana pane imwe nguva muhupenyu hwavo. Tinoziva kuti kunyadziswa kunogona kuyedzwa kutiza uye kuramba kana kutsiva, asi vashoma vedu vanoziva kuti kunogona kutarisana chiso nechiso uye pasina kutiza. Isu hatina mufananidzo unogona kuwanikwa mupfungwa kana zvichidikanwa, kuti ungakura sei pakati pekunyadziswa uye kuwana chimwe chinhu chitsva uye chakakosha. Chokwadi, chinhu chakasiyana zvachose kuti hazvina kunaka kunyadzisa mumwe munhu. Sekuona kwangu, zviito zvaPalo zvatove pedyo zvikuru nekunyadzisa vanhu vane hurema hwakanyanya. Zvisinei, upenyu pachahwo hunonyadzisa, kusiyana nomunhu anoita zvakaipa. Kunyange munhu akaremara ari kuchengetwa anonzwa kuti mamiriro acho ezvinhu akasiyana zvikuru zvichienderana nokuti mumwe munhu ari kumuchengeta anobatana sei naye. (4)
Mumwe muenzaniso unoratidza kuti vanhu vangafunga zvakapesana chaizvo pavanenge vaine hutano pane pavanenge vasisagone kushanda. Vazhinji vane quadriplegics vaida kurarama. Kazhinji hazvisi zvirwere zvinokanganisa chido chekurarama, asi kuora mwoyo. Kunyange vanhu vane utano hwakanaka vanogona kutambura nokuora mwoyo.
Mune kumwe kuongorora, vechiduku vane utano hwakanaka vakabvunzwa kana vaizoda kumutsidzirwa nevanorwara zvakanyanya kana vaizotadza kufamba zvachose mutsaona. Vanenge vose vakapindura kuti zviri nani kuti vafe. Apo vechiduku 60 vane quadriplegia, avo vakanga varemara kamwe kamwe, vakabvunzurudzwa, mumwe bedzi wavo akataura kuti aisafanira kuva akamutsidzirwa. Vaviri havana kukwanisa kupindura, asi vamwe vose vaida kurarama. Vakanga vawana upenyu hune chinangwa kunyange nokuoma mitezo. (5)
Economy. Euthanasia zvakare yakaruramiswa nezvikonzero zvehupfumi. Ndiyo imwe nharo huru inoshandiswa kutsigira euthanasia. Nharo imwe cheteyo yakashandiswawo nevaNazi mukuparadzira kwavo mashoko. Nekudaro, pane chikonzero chekukahadzika masvomhu maererano nemishonga yekurapa nezvimwe zvinodhura. Kuchengetedza mari hakugoneki kune yese:
Senguva dzose, veakaunzi vari kutinyangira, vakapakata mazino neshungu dzokuti vaderedze mari. Chokwadika, zvaizowanwa kudai munhu wose aingova nechido chokutarisira, kana kutarisira hospice kwakarongwa nenzira inobudirira, uye kana “zvisingakoshi” (tichadzoka kuzorangarira revo yeshoko iroro nokukurumidza) marapiro akamiswa. Muna February 1994, Emanuel naEmanuel veHarvard Medical School vakabudisa nzvero yakazara yezvinyorwa zvakanyorwa pamusoro peiyi nhau kupota pasi rose ndokugumisa, kuti: “Hapana munhu mumwe nomumwe anochengedzerwa pakupera kwoupenyu—kana ane chokuita newiri yekuda kurapwa, kutarisira hospice kana kuti kurega kurwara. kutarisirwa kusingakoshi - vanosarudza. Zvese zvinonongedza munzira imwechete: kuchengetedza mumatanho ekurapa ane chekuita nekuguma kwehupenyu hakuna kukosha. Iyo mari inogona kuponeswa nekuderedza hukasha, nzira dzekuchengetedza hupenyu dzevarwere vari kufa dzinosvika 3.3% yemari yese yehutano." Zvakawanda zvekuchengetedza mukufa; kubva kune yakasimba utilitarian tsika nzira kune yakaoma, bioethical matambudziko aripo iye zvino muhutano gakava rehutano. Pane imwe nzvimbo yakaoma iyi, tave kugumburwa netsoka dzedu. (6)
Kuverenga pakurapa uye kumwe kudhura kunogona kunzi kune mubvunzo. Kunyangwe hazvo, ichokwadi kuti kune mari yekurapa nenzira yemuhoro, nezvimwewo, mari imwe cheteyo inotenderera ichidzokera munharaunda. Vashandi vemuzvipatara vanobhadhara mutero, vanotenga chikafu uye zvinhu (zvese zvinosanganisira mutero wakawedzerwa) sevamwe vanhu. Imwe nzira ndeyekuvamisa uye kubhadhara mari yekurovha, asi izvo zvine musoro here? Zvaizongokonzera kushaikwa kwemabasa uye zvaizoita kuti hupfumi humire. Pamusoro pese yaizova mhinduro isina kunaka. Basa rinogona kuwedzerwa nekuhaya vashandi vakawanda mubazi rehutano, uko vashandi vazhinji varipo vari kushanda zvakanyanya. Kana vamwe vese vateresi 'mutero wemutero muFinland, semuenzaniso, (2 miriyoni vashandi, avhareji mari ye35 000 euros) ikasimudzwa ne0,5 muzana uye yaizoshandiswa kuhaya vashandi vakawanda, zvaizowedzera basa neca. 7000 vanhu (hapana mari yechikwereti inofanira kushandiswa kuhaya). Mari iyi yaizodzokera mukutenderera uye nzanga nenzira yemitero nemimwe muripo. Muguta rakaita seHelsinki (500 000 vagari) zvingareva ca. 700 vashandi vatsva, uye munzvimbo yakaita seLahti (100 000 vagari) 140 vashandi vatsva, zvichiteerana. Kana mutero wekubhadhara wakasimudzwa ne0,25%, zvaizoreva hafu yenhamba idzi. Vashandi vazhinji ava vanopinda mubazi rezvehutano zvinoita kuti kushanda kuwedzere kunakidza uye kupa mukana wekupa hutano hwakanyanya kuvakuru nevanorwara. Zvakaonekwa kuti vanhu vakawanda vanoda kubhadhara mitero yakawanda kuti vatsigire mabasa akanaka.
Nhoroondo nemishonga. Kunzwisisa munhoroondo yemishonga munyika dzekuMadokero kunoratidza kuti yakakanganiswa zvakanyanya neHippocratic Oath, tsika dzakavakwa pairi, uye zvakare mafungiro ehunhu anobva mukunzwisisa kwechiKristu kwevanhu. Zvinhu izvozvo zvakapesvedzera nenzira yakaita kuti vanhu vakoshese upenyu hwomunhu kubvira pamavambo chaipo, kureva kubva panguva yokunambwa. Mitemo yakakosha zvikuru yakabatanidza kuponesa upenyu hwevanhu uye kuderedza marwadzo nenzira yakanakisisa inobvira. Iyi nzira inobuda pachena mubhuku reFinnish Medical Association rinonzi Lääkärin etiikka [Maitiro aChiremba], iro rinosimbisa kuti murwere haafanire kusiiwa asina kurapwa:
Miitiro inorebesa upenyu inogona kuregwa apo rufu runotarisirwa chaizvoizvo uye murwere asingagoni kurapwa. Izvi zvakanzi rubatsiro rusina basa rwerufu, asi inyaya yebasa rachirembawo zvake, apo sarudzo dzinofanira kuitwa nguva dzose kusarudza nzira yekurapa yakanyatsokodzera murwere. Ukuwo, kukurumidza kuuraya munhu, kureva kukurumidza kufa, kunogona kunge kuri kuita maererano nechikumbiro chemurwere paanenge achida kuurayiwa. Mafungiro akajairika evanachiremba nezvekubatsira kufa muFinland anosemesa. Tsika dzechivanhu dzachiremba hadzibvumi kushandiswa kwehunyanzvi hwekurapa kuuraya munhu nemaune. Mutemo weCriminal Code unorayira chirango chakakomba kana munhu auraya munhu, kunyange kana achinge aita zvaanoda. Vanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti pfungwa yose yeuthanasia inofanira kusiiwa, nokuti inongopa pfungwa yokuti chiremba ari kukonzera rufu rwemurwere panzvimbo yechirwere. Pane zvirwere zvisingarapike, asi murwere haambosiiwa asina kurapwa. (7)
Mamiriro akaita sei nhasi? Mazhinji madenderedzwa euzivi anoda kuparadza tsika yakanaka uye yakachengeteka yakatekeshera mukurapa kwemakumi emakore. Danho rekutanga rakanangana negwaro iri raive rekuda kunyoreswa zviri pamutemo kwekubvisa pamuviri. Hazvaidiwa nevezvechiremba, asi nevateveri vetsika yekuzvifunga yemafaro. Vaifunga kuti zvakanaka kuuraya mwana kana apinda munzira yevabereki vake. Mazuva ano, kunenge kubviswa kwese kunoitwa nekuda kwemagariro, kwete nekuti hupenyu hwaamai hwaizova munjodzi. Somuenzaniso muIndia uye muChina vana vasikana vari kuurayiwa mukubvisa pamuviri, munyika dzokuMadokero varume nevakadzi vanourayiwa.(MuIndia mune vakadzi 914 chete pavarume 1 000 voga voga. Sezvo zvichibvira kuongorora kuti mwana ari mudumbu akakura sei, zvakatungamirira kumamiriyoni okubvisa pamuviri kwevasikana vasati vaberekwa.) Ndeipi nzira itsva? Kunenge kuti kubvuma kupondwa kwomwana ari mudumbu raamai kunoguma nokugamuchirwa kumwe cheteko kunze kwechibereko. Kunofungwa nenzira ine mufungo kuti kana kuurawa kwomwana ari mudumbu kwakarurama, neiko kuchifanira kuva nomusiyano pakukuita kunze kwechibereko. Mune dzimwe nyika makatove nekurukurirano dzokugumisa upenyu hwevacheche vachangoberekwa vakaremara zvakakomba, vanorwara pakoma, uye vakaremara zvikuru. Nharo dzakafanana dzaishandiswa kudzivirira kubvisa pamuviri dziri kushandiswawo kutsigira euthanasia. Sezvo kurukurirano inofambira mberi, kunobvira kuti miganhu inova miduku zvikuru mukuwirirana nezvinoumba upenyu hune revo. Philosophical madenderedzwa ari kutora budiriro uye nhaurirano munzira umo kukosha kwakakwana kwehupenyu hwemunhu kuri kurasikirwa nekukosha kwayo zvakanyanya uye zvakanyanya.(KuHolland, uko tsika yacho yakatonyanya kutorwa, vanopfuura chikamu chimwe chegumi chevanhu vakwegura vakati vaitya kuti vanachiremba vavo vaizovauraya vasingadi. [8] Zviuru zvinotakura kadhi muhomwe dzavo imomo rinotaura kuti havadaro. vanoda kuurayiwa vasingadi kana vakaiswa muchipatara.) Albert Schweitzer akati:
Apo munhu anorasikirwa noruremekedzo nokuda kworudzi rupi norupi rwoupenyu, iye anorasikirwa noruremekedzo nokuda kwoupenyu hwakazara. (9)
Kubudirira kwemazuva ano hakusi kufunga kutsva kana kwemazuva ano. Kana tikadzokera kuGermany muma1920 nema1930, mamiriro ezvinhu akafanana akatekeshera ikoko kunyange vaNazi vasati vatanga kutonga. Hitler haana kusika iyi nzira yekufunga, asi yakabva patafura yevazivi. Chinhu chakakosha chaiva kunyanya bhuku rakabudiswa nenyanzvi yepfungwa Alfred Hoche uye mutongi Karl Bilding mukutanga kwema1920, iyo yakataura nezvevanhu vasina maturo uye hupenyu husina kukodzera kurarama. Ikoko neparadziro yeNazi zvakagadzirira nzira yokuti vanhu vagamuchire pfungwa youpenyu hwakaderera. Zvese zvakatanga kubva padiki padiki. Miitiro yakadai sedzidziso youmwari yakasununguka nemhindumupindu yakapesvedzerwawo zvakasimba mumashure. Vaiva nerutsigiro rwakawanda muGermany mukuvamba kwema1900.
Zvakava pachena kuvanhu vaitsvaga mhosva dzehondo kuti kuuraya uku kwakapararira kwakatanga kubva pakuchinja kudiki kwemaitiro. Pakutanga nzira yavanachiremba yakangochinja zvishoma. Pfungwa yehupenyu husina kukodzera kurarama yakagamuchirwa. Pakutanga izvi zvaingobata vanhu vane chirwere chisingaperi. Zvishoma nezvishoma, huwandu hwevanhu, vaionekwa sevanouraiwa, hwakawedzera kune vasina hupfumi hwevanhu, avo vaive nemafungiro akasiyana, erusaruraganda uye pakupedzisira kune vese vasiri maGerman. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti chitima ichi chepfungwa chakatanga kubva pakuchinja kudiki kwemaitiro kune vanorwara zvisina tariro, avo vaifungidzirwa kuti havachagadzirisika. Kuchinja kuduku kwakadaro mumafungiro achiremba naizvozvo kwakakodzera kuongororwa. (10) Kubudirira kunoitika sei? Apo pave nekuchinja munzanga munharaunda yehutsika - kugamuchirwa kwekubvisa pamuviri, kusununguka kwepabonde, nezvimwewo - kuchinja kwakawanzotevera maitiro akafanana. Muitiro mumwe chetewo wakadzokororwa kanoverengeka ndokutungamirira kuchinjo mundangariro dzavanhu. Mumuenzaniso uyu, matanho anonyanya kukosha ndeaya anotevera zvinhu:
1 . Vanhu vashomanene vane ruzha vanozivisa tsika itsva, vachiramba mufambiro wainzi wakarurama kwemakumi emakore. Izvi zvakaitika mukupera kwema1960, apo pfungwa yokuita zvepabonde zvakasununguka uye kubvisa pamuviri yakaziviswa. Saizvozvowo, ungochani, uhwo hwaimbonzi hwakakanganiswa uye hwainzi hwakakonzerwa nemamiriro ezvinhu, hunorangarirwa zvakanaka nhasi. Euthanasia chimwe chinhu chakafanana muhurukuro iyi:
Ndakanga ndisiri munyika yokumusha kwangu kwamakore matatu, makore a1965 kusvikira kuna 1968. Pandakadzokera mumatsutso a1968, ndakashamiswa zvikuru nechinjo yakanga yaitika mumhepo yekurukurirano yavose. Izvi zvaibata zvese matauriro ehurukuro pamwe nekuumbwa kwemibvunzo. (...) Munyika yevadzidzi, avo vaida kururamiswa kwehukama hwepabonde ndivo vairidza trombones yavo nenzwi guru. Vakasimbirira, somuenzaniso, kuti vakomana nevasikana vanofanira kubvumirwa kugara pamwe chete mudzimba dzokurara dzamayunivhesiti kunyange zvazvo vakanga vasina kuroorana. Zvaiita sekuti Chikwata cheVechidiki chakanga chatorwa nevatungamiriri vatsva vaizivisa kwete chete socialism uye democracy yechikoro, asiwo pfungwa yekusangana pabonde kwakasununguka. Zvose mune zvose, chakanga chiri chitsva ndechokuti mapoka ezvinyorwa akanga aumbwa aitaura pachena zvikuru pamusoro penhau dzevatano kupfuura zvakanga zvamboitwa paruzhinji, achipomera nzanga neChechi kushandisa mipimo miviri. (11)
2. Nhepfenyuro inopa nzvimbo kune vamiriri vehunhu hutsva, vachivatora semamwe marudzi emagamba:
Vakaroorana vanogara kugarisana kusingabvumirwi nemutemo vakabvunzurudzwa paruzhinji semamwe marudzi emagamba ehunhu hutsva aitsunga kurwisa hunhu hwenzanga yakashata yemabhunu. Saizvozvo, ngochani dzakabvunzurudzwa uye kubvisa pamuviri mahara kwakashevedzwa (12)
3. Mavhoti eGallup anosimbisa shanduko munzira. Sezvo vanhu vakawanda vachitendeuka kuti vatsigire tsika itsva, zvinokanganisa vamwe vanoverenga sarudzo idzi.
4. Danho rechina nderokuti vatevedzeri vemitemo vanosimbisa tsika itsva, vachiiona seyakarurama, kunyange zvazvo chinhu chimwe chete ichi chave chichinzi chakaipa mumakore ose. William Booth, muvambi weSalvation Army, akafanotaura kuti izvi zvaizoitika Jesu asati adzoka. Vagadziri vemitemo vaizomuka vasingaremekedzi Mwari nemirairo yake kana nepadiki pose. Zvakaoma kuramba kuti budiriro yaenda nenzira iyi.
1. “Ipapo kuchava nezvematongerwe enyika pasina Mwari... Zuva richasvika apo mutemo wehurumende wehurumende yenyika yose yokuMadokero uchange wakadaro zvokuti hapana munhu padanho ripi neripi rokutonga achatya Mwari zvakare... chizvarwa chitsva chevatungamiriri vezvematongerwe enyika. huchatonga Europe, chizvarwa chisingazotyi Mwari napaduku pose;
Kuuraya. Pakudzivirira euthanasia, mashoko akaisvonaka akadai sorudo, rufu rune chiremera, rufu runobetsera, rufu rwakareruka, rufu rwakanaka kana kuti kuzvisunungura kuupenyu husina kufanira kurarama kazhinji kazhinji. Izwi rimwe chetero rinoshandiswa sekushandiswa kwakaitwa maNazi mukuparadzira kwavo muma1930s. Zvisinei, nyaya dzapfuura ndedzekuuraya munhu. Uyezve, pakutaura nezvorufu rwakanaka kana kuti rune chiremera, chinorehwa chaizvoizvo upenyu. Hupenyu munguva dzekupedzisira hunogona kuve hwakanaka kana hwakaipa, asi rufu pacharwo ndiwo muganho wemunhu wese uye zvinoitika nekukasira. Saka mashandisirwo emutauro akakosha, uye izvi ndizvo zvinorehwa neshoko rinotevera. Matauriro edenderedzwa anoita kuti tinzwire tsitsi zviri nyore kupfuura mazwi akananga.
Muna 2004, British Euthanasia Association yakashandura zita rayo kuita Dignity muKufa. Panguva yekunyora, webhusaiti yavo yakanyatso kudzivirira mazwi akananga akadai se "euthanasia", "kuzviuraya" kana "kuuraya tsitsi". Panzvimbo pezvo, mashoko asina kujeka akadai sookuti “rufu rune chiremera nokutambura kushoma sezvinobvira,” “kukwanisa kusarudza nokudzora mafiro atinoita,” “kubetsera rufu” uye “chisarudzo chokugumisa kutambura kwave kusingatsungiririki” zvakashandiswa panzvimbo pezvo. Haasi munhu wose anogutsikana nemaitiro aya. Mumwe mutsinhiri weDaily Telegraph akati: “Inotaura chimwe chinhu kana sangano richifanira kuzvinongedzera rimene neshoko rinotenderera. The Euthanasia Society zvino inoronga kuzvidaidza kuti Chiremerera Mukufa. Ndiani wedu angasada kufa ane chiremera? tenda kuti vanokurudzira euthanasia (chokwadi!) vanotya kutaura zvakananga zvavari kutyaira, kureva kuuraya vanhu. ”(13) Mumwe mukoti wepa hospice akapindura rondedzero yokubatsirwa kuzviuraya nemashoko okuti “kufa kwokubatsira”: “Vanyamukuta vanobatsira pakusununguka, uye vanamukoti vanobatsira pakusununguka. Kubatsira hakuna kufanana nokuuraya. kwatiri isu tinopa hutano hwakanaka hwekuguma kwehupenyu. Hunyengeri hwekuponda kunocheneswa kuti kugamuchirwe neruzhinji. Zvinoreva kuti munhu anogona kufa aine chiremerera kana aurayiwa." (14) (15)
Muchokwadi, mu euthanasia inyaya yekuponda kana kuzviuraya. Hazvitarisi mukana wekuti tiri vanhu vekusingaperi, kuti tichatongerwa zviito zvedu, uye kuti mhondi dzicharangwa kunze kwehumambo hwaMwari. Vamwe vangapikisa izvi zvingangoitika, asi vangaratidza sei kuti ndima dzinotevera panyaya iyi hadzisi dzechokwadi? Vanofanira kutorwa zvakakomba uye kwete kurerutsa:
- ( Mako 7:21-23 ) Nokuti mukati, mumwoyo yavanhu munobuda mirangariro yakaipa, upombwe, upombwe, umhondi. 22 umbavha, ruchiva, uipi, kunyengera, utere, ziso rakaipa, kunyomba, manyawi, upenzi; 23 Zvose izvi zvakaipa zvinobva mukati, zvichisvibisa munhu.
- (1 Tim 1:9) tichiziva izvi, kuti murairo hauna kuitirwa munhu akarurama, asi vasingateereri mutemo, nevasingateereri, vasingadi Mwari, nevatadzi, nevasina utsvene nevasina utsvene, nemhondi, nemhondi dzemadzibaba, nemhondi dzevanamai. zvemhondi.
- (1 Johani 3:15) Ani naani anovenga hama yake imhondi, uye munoziva kuti hakuna mhondi ine upenyu husingaperi hunogara mairi.
(Zvakazarurwa 21:8) Asi vanotya nevasingatendi nevanyangadzi nemhondi nemhombwe nevaroyi nevanonamata zvidhori nevese varevi venhema mugove wavo uchava mudziva rinopfuta moto nesarufa. rufu rwechipiri.
- (Zvak 22:15) Nekuti kunze kune imbwa, nevaroyi, nemhombwe, nemhondi, nevanonamata zvidhori, nemunhu wese anoda nhema achidziita.
Kana isingarapwe ? Kana zvasvika pakutarisirwa kwevanofa uye nguva dzekupedzisira, zvinoruramiswa kukudziridza kutarisira hospice. Izvi zvinowanzobvumirwa. Matanho anofanirwa kutorwa kuitira kuti murwere wese awane rubatsiro rwakanaka uye rwega munzvimbo yakachengeteka, uye uko kurwadziwa kwavo kunoderedzwa. Zvinokwanisika kuita izvi nerubatsiro rwemishonga yemazuva ano uye kana kune vashandi vakakwana vanoyamwisa uye vane chikonzero chakanaka. Ichi chave chiri chiitiko chakajairwa uye chinangwa kwemakumi emakore, semuenzaniso muFinnish mukoti, pamwe nekune dzimwe nyika dzakawanda. Zvakadini nemamiriro ezvinhu apo munhu ari kutofa nenzira yakajeka uye pasina tariro yokunaya kwake? (Kazhinji, muitiro wokufa unotora kubva pamaawa mashomanene kusvikira kumazuva mashomanene. Rufu rwakatanga apo munhu anokurumidza kupera simba uye pasina tariro yokunaya kwake.) Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, zvinogona zvamazvirokwazvo kururamiswa kumisa kutarisira kwakakomba, nokuti haibatsiri kana kutokuvadza. Haisi euthanasia, asi kugumisa kurapwa kusina maturo. Zvakanaka kusiyanisa zvinhu zviviri izvi. Zvisinei, kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, kutarisirwa kunogona kutorwa kuderedza zviratidzo.
Nekudaro, kunouya nguva muhupenyu hwemurwere wese apo kushandiswa kwemushonga wekurapa kwaizokonzera zvakanyanya kukuvadza pane kunaka kumurwere. Muchiitiko ichi, kugonesa kufa kwakanaka uye kusingarwadzi nerubatsiro rwekuchengeta hospice mugumisiro wakanaka wekurapa. Kurapwa kusiri madikanwa uye kurebesa rufu, kune rumwe rutivi, kukanganisa kwakakomba kwezvokurapa. Kana kurapwa kusiri madikanwa kukarega, haisi nyaya yokuti chiremba aite mabasa aMwari. Kumisa kurapwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro hakusi kushamisa pane kudzivisa kutanga kurapwa kusingakoshi. Sezvingatarisirwa, izvi zvisarudzo zvinofanira kukurukurwa muboka rokurapa, uye zvikonzero zvokurega kurapwa nokurega kumutsidzira zvinofanira kujekeswa kune vose vanobatanidzwa. (16)
Joni Eareckson Tada anotsanangura zvimwe (17):
Kufa kwababa vangu kwakadzidzisa mhuri yangu kutsvaka uchenjeri. Taida kubatsira baba vedu kuti vararame kusvika kumagumo uye kuti vafe, kana nguva yacho yasvika. Kupa chikafu kune vane nzara nemvura kune vane nyota ndizvo zvakakoshera muvanhu. Kunyange zvazvo zvakanga zviri pachena kuti baba vakanga vava pedyo nerufu, taida kuvaita kuti vanzwe vakasununguka sezvinobvira. Uchenjeri hwaMwari hunosanganisira tsitsi uye tsitsi. Kutarisira vavakidzani mumwe wemirayiro yakakwana muBhaibheri. Vanachiremba, zvisinei, vakaudza mhuri yangu kuti mune dzimwe nguva kudya nokupa mvura kumurwere, kungave kwaitwa kupfurikidza nomuromo kana namachubhu, hazvina maturo uye, pamusoro pazvo, zvinorwadza kumurwere. Rita Marker anobva kukomiti yepasi rose inorwisa-euthanasia anoshanda komiti anoti:
Kana murwere ari padhuze nerufu, anogona kunge ari mumamiriro ezvinhu zvekuti zvinwiwa zvinowedzera kusagadzikana kwavo, nekuti muviri wavo hauchakwanisa kuzvishandisa. Chikafu hachigayiwo, muviri wemunhu paunotanga "kuvhara" kana kufa kwatanga. Kanguva kanosvika, pazvinganzi munhu ari kufa zvechokwadi. (18)
Nzanga yakanaka. Pakuvavarira nzanga yakanaka, ukoshi hukuru hunowanzoiswa panhau dzemari. Vanosimbiswa zvakanyanya uye kukosha kwavo hakugone kurerutswa. Kana hupfumi hukapinda mukuipa, hunogona kukanganisa kurongeka kwenzanga yese. Izvozvo zvakaitika kakawanda munhau yose. Zvisinei, chinhu chinonyanya kukosha pakuwana nzanga yakanaka ndiyo mafungiro omukati evanhu: vane hanya nomumwe nomumwe here kana kuti mwoyo yavo yakazadzwa noudyire, ruvengo uye kushaya rudo? Mushure mezvose, matambudziko makuru munzanga haasi emari, asi anobva pamafungiro asina kunaka kune vavakidzani vedu: varombo, vanorwara, vakwegura, vatorwa, vakaremara, nezvimwewo. Chiyero chenzanga chinogona kuyerwa mumabatiro ainoita. aya nemamwe mapoka. Munzanga yakanaka, vanhu vose vanotariswa uye vanokosheswa zvichienderana nekwavakabva, asi kuenda neimwe nzira kunoita kuti vanhu vanzwe kusagadzikana. Nzanga inogona kuenda neimwe nzira, zvichienderana nekuti mifungo ipi inozadza pfungwa dzevanhu. Ngatitarisei mavhesi mashoma pamusoro penyaya yacho. Vanobata nokururamisira uye maonero akanaka kune muvakidzani. Kana iri zano rikateverwa zvakafara, richawedzera garikano yose yenzanga. Kutevera mimwe mirairo kunotungamirira munzira imwe cheteyo ( Marko 10:19, 20 : Unoziva mirairo inoti, Usaita upombwe, usauraya, usaba, usapupura nhema, usabiridzira, kudza baba namai vako. Zvino akapindura akati kwaari: Mudzidzisi, izvi zvose ndakazvichengeta kubva pauduku hwangu.
Maonero kune vavakidzani
- ( Mateo 22:35-40 ) Ipapo mumwe wavo, uyo akanga ari nyanzvi yomutemo, akamubvunza mubvunzo, achimuedza, achiti: 36 Mudzidzisi, ndeupi murairo mukuru pamurairo? 37 Jesu akati kwaari: Ida Ishe Mwari wako, nemoyo wako wose, uye nemweya wako wose, uye nefungwa dzako dzose. 38 Ndiwo murairo wekutanga uye mukuru. 39 Wechipiri unofanana nawo, ndiwoyu: Ida umwe wako sezvaunozvida iwe. 40 Murairo wose nevaporofita zvakaremberedzwa pamirairo iyi miviri.
- ( VaG 6:2 ) Takuriranai mitoro yenyu, uye nokudaro zadzisai mutemo waKristu.
Varombo
( Marko 14:6,7 ) Jesu akati: Musiyei akadaro; munomutambudzireiko? Aita basa rakanaka pandiri. 7 Nekuti varombo munavo nguva dzose, uye nguva ipi neipi yamunoda, mungavaitira zvakanaka; asi ini hamuneni nguva dzose.
- ( 1 Johane 3:17 ) Asi ani nani ane fuma yenyika ino asi achiona hama yake ichishaiwa, akamupfigira tsitsi dzake, rudo rwaMwari runogara seiko maari?
- ( Jakobho 2:1-4, 8, 9 ) Hama dzangu, kutenda kwenyu kunaShe wedu Jesu Kristu, Ishe wokubwinya, ngakusava nokutsaura vanhu. 2 Nekuti kana paungano yenyu pakapinda murume ane mhete yendarama, nenguvo dzakanaka, murombo akapindawo ane nguvo dzakashata; 3 mukatarira uyo wakapfeka nguvo dzinobwinya, mukati kwaari: Gara pano panzvimbo yakanaka; ndikati kumurombo: Mira apo, kana gara pasi pasi pechitsiko chetsoka dzangu; 4 Ko hamuna kutsaura mukati menyu mukava vatongi vendangariro dzakaipa here? 8 Kana muchizadzisa murairo woushe, zvinoenderana nerugwaro runoti: Ida wokwako sezvaunozvida iwe, munoita zvakanaka; 9 Asi kana mune rusarura, munoita chivi, munopwiswa nemurairo sevadariki.
Justice
- ( Dhuteronomi 16:19 ) Usakanganisa pakutonga; usatsaura vanhu, kana kugamuchira fufuro, nekuti fufuro inopofumadza meso avakachenjera, nokuminamisa mashoko avakarurama.
- ( Zvirevo 17:15 ) Anopembedza munhu akaipa, uye anopa vakarurama mhosva, vose vari vaviri vanonyangadza Jehovha.
- ( Isaya 61:8 ) Nokuti ini Jehovha ndinoda zvakarurama, ndinovenga kupamba pamwe chete nezvipiriso zvinopiswa; + uye ndichavagadzirira basa ravo nechokwadi, + uye ndichaita sungano isingaperi navo.
Vatorwa
- ( Revhitiko 19:33, 34 ) Kana mutorwa agere nemi munyika yenyu, musamuitira zvakaipa. 34 Mutorwa ugere nemwi ngaave kwamuri somunhu wakaberekerwa pakati penyu, unofanira kumuda sezvaunozvida iwe; nekuti nemiwo makanga muri vatorwa munyika yeEgipita; ndini Jehovha Mwari wenyu.
- ( Jer 7:4-7 ) Musavimba nemashoko enhema, anoti, Idzi itemberi yaJehovha, temberi yaJehovha, temberi yaJehovha. 5 nekuti kana mukaruramisa kwazvo nzira dzenyu nezvamunoita; kana muchiita zvakarurama munhu mumwe nomumwe kunowokwake; 6 Kana ukamanikidza mutorwa, nherera, nechirikadzi, ukasateura ropa risina mhosva panzvimbo ino, kana kutevera vamwe vamwari, zvinokukuvadza; 7 Ipapo ndichakugarisai panzvimbo ino, panyika yandakapa madzibaba enyu, nokusingaperi-peri.
Vakwegura
- ( Revhitiko 19:32 ) “Unofanira kusimukira wachena vhudzi, nokukudza mutana, uye utye Mwari wako; ndini Jehovha.
REFERENCES:
1. Joni Eareckson Tada: Oikeus elää, oikeus kuolla (When is it Right to Die?), p. 65 2. Gardner B P et al., Ventilation or dignified death for patients with high tetraplegia. BMJ, 1985, 291: 1620-22 3. Pekka Reinikainen, Päivi Räsänen, Reino Pöyhiä: Eutanasia – vastaus kärsimyksen ongelmaan? p. 91 4. Pekka Reinikainen, Päivi Räsänen, Reino Pöyhiä: Eutanasia – vastaus kärsimyksen ongelmaan? p. 126,127 5. Päivi Räsänen: Kutsuttu elämään, p. 106 6. Bernard Nathanson: Antakaa minun elää (The Hand of God), p. 130 7. Lääkärin etiikka, 1992, p. 41-42 8. Richard Miniter, ”The Dutch Way of Death”, Opinion Journal (huhtikuu 28, 2001) 9. Marja Rantanen, Olavi Ronkainen: Äänetön huuto, p. 7 10. Pekka Reinikainen, Päivi Räsänen, Reino Pöyhiä: Eutanasia – vastaus kärsimyksen ongelmaan? p. 38,39 11. Matti Joensuu: Avoliitto, avioliitto ja perhe, p. 12-14 12. Matti Joensuu: Avoliitto, avioliitto ja perhe, p. 12-14 13. http://telegraph.co.uk/comment/telegraph-view/3622559/Euthanasias-euphemism.html 14. Quote from article: Finlay, I.G. et.al., Palliative Medicine, 19:444-453 15. John Wyatt: Elämän & kuoleman kysymyksiä (Matters of Life and Death), p. 204,205 16. Pekka Reinikainen, Päivi Räsänen, Reino Pöyhiä: Eutanasia – vastaus kärsimyksen ongelmaan? p. 92 17. Joni Eareckson Tada: Oikeus elää, oikeus kuolla (When is it Right to Die?), p. 151,152 18. Rita L. Marker: New Covenant, January 1991
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Jesus is the way, the truth and the life
Grap to eternal life!
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Other Google Translate machine translations:
Mamirioni emakore / dinosaurs /
kushanduka kwevanhu? |
