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This is a machine translation made by Google Translate and has not been checked. There may be errors in the text. On the right, there are more links to translations made by Google Translate. In addition, you can read other articles in your own language when you go to my English website (Jari's writings), select an article there and transfer its web address to Google Translate (https://translate.google.com/?sl=en&tl=fi&op=websites).
Kerecɛnya ni dɔnniya
Yala Krecɛn dannaya kɛra dɔnniya balilan ye wa walima a y’a yiriwa wa? Aw ye daliluw kalan!
Nin barokun barokun ye Krecɛn dannaya ni dɔnniya ye. Krecɛn dannaya ye nɔ bila dɔnniya ni a yiriwali la cogo di? Yala o kɛra bali ye dɔnniya yiriwali la wa walima a y’a yiriwa wa? Ni o ko in sɛgɛsɛgɛra diɲɛ kunnafonidilanw dɔrɔn fɛ ani dɔnnikɛlaw ka sɛbɛnw fɛ minnu tɛ Ala dɔn, tuma caman na, u bɛ hakilina dɔ jira min bɛ mɔgɔw fɛ, dannaya ni dɔnniya cɛ sɔsɔli kan. A bɛ miiri ko dannaya min bɛ Ala la ani dɔnniya ye ɲɔgɔn sɔsɔli ye, wa ko kerecɛnya dannaya kɛra bali ye dɔnniya yiriwali la. O hakilina in na, a fɔra ko dɔnniya fanga tun ka bon Gɛrɛsi jamana na, wa a taara ɲɛ tugun dɔrɔn tuma min na, yeelen waati la, a y’a yɛrɛ bɔ jirali diinɛ na, k’a daminɛ k’a jigi da hakili ni kɔlɔsili kan. Darwin nafa kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la, o jatera ko a nafa ka bon dɔnniya diɲɛnatigɛ jateminɛ ka sebaaya laban na. Nka, o ko tiɲɛ ye mun ye? Kerecɛnw ka dannaya koloma ma deli ka kɛ dɔnniya ni dɔnniya kɛli ye, nka dannaya min bɛ Ala ni Yesu Krisita ka kɛta la, olu sababu fɛ bɛɛ bɛ se ka yafa a ka jurumuw ma. Nka, o kɔrɔ tɛ ko kerecɛn dannaya ma nɔ bila dɔnniya ni jamana yiriwali la. O kɔfɛ, Yesu ni Krecɛn dannaya nafa kɛra fɛnba ye dɔnniya bangeli n’a ɲɛtaa kama. O hakilina in sinsinnen bɛ hakilina damadɔ kan, an bɛna tɛmɛ minnu fɛ nin ko ninnu na. An b’a daminɛ ni kanko ni sɛbɛnni ye.
Kalanjɛ ni sɛbɛnni: daɲɛgafew, daɲɛgafew, alfabɛtiw. A fɔlɔ, gafekanw bangeli ani sɛbɛnni ni sɛbɛnni. Bɛɛ b’a faamu ko ni jamana dɔ t’a ka sɛbɛnnikan sɔrɔ, ni mɔgɔw tɛ se ka kalan kɛ, o ye bali ye dɔnniya yiriwali, ɲinini, fɛnkurabɔ bangeli ani dɔnniya jɛnsɛnni na. O tuma na fɛ, gafew tɛ yen, i tɛ se k’u kalan, dɔnniya fana tɛ jɛnsɛn. Sosiyete bɛ to a cogo la min bɛ jɔ. O la sa, Krecɛn dannaya ye nɔ bila cogo di sɛbɛnni kanw dabɔli la ani sɛbɛnni na? Nin yɔrɔ in de la ɲininikɛla caman bɛ fiyentɔya sɔrɔ. U t’a dɔn ko a bɛ se ka fɔ ko sɛbɛnnikanw bɛɛ dabɔra Krecɛn Ala ɲɛsiranbagaw fɛ. Misali la, Finlande yan, Mikael Agricola, Finlande diinɛko ɲɛnabɔbaga ani sɛbɛnw fa, ye ABC gafe fɔlɔ ni Layidu Kura ani Bibulu gafe wɛrɛw yɔrɔ dɔw bɔ. Mɔgɔw ye kalan dege u sababu fɛ. Alimanjamana na, Martti Luther fana y’o ɲɔgɔn kɛ. A ye Bibulu bayɛlɛma Alemaɲikan na n’a yɛrɛ ka kan fɔcogo ye. A ka baarakɛcogo bɔko kɛmɛ caman kɛra ani Luther tun bɛ baara kɛ ni kan min ye, o sigira senkan iko sɛbɛnnikan Alemaɲikaw cɛma. Angletɛri dun? William Tyndale min ye Bibulu bayɛlɛma tubabukan na, ale jɔyɔrɔ tun ka bon o la. Tyndale ka baarakɛcogo ye nɔ bila bi tubabukan bangeli la. Ka da Tyndale ka bayɛlɛmali kan, King James bayɛlɛmani dabɔra kɔfɛ, o min ye Bibulu bamanankan bayɛlɛmani ye min tɔgɔ bɔra kosɛbɛ tubabukan na. Misali dɔ ye Slawi jamanaw ka lɛtɛrɛw ye, minnu bɛ wele ko Sirilikan alfabɛti. U tɔgɔ dara Sirili senuma kan, min tun ye misiri ye Slavw cɛma, wa a y’a kɔlɔsi ko alfabɛti si tun t’u fɛ. Sirili ye alfabɛti labɛn u ye walisa u ka se ka Kibaru Duman kalan Yesu ko la. Sani kalan seko ka bange, o la, sɛbɛnnikan ka kan ka kɛ yen. O siratigɛ la, kerecɛn cidenyabaarakɛlaw ye jɔyɔrɔba ta, a ma kɛ san kɛmɛ caman ye nin ye, Tlebi jamanaw dɔrɔn na, nka Afiriki ni Azi jamanaw fana na kɔfɛ. N’a sɔrɔ cidenyabaarakɛlaw ye baara kɛ san caman kɔnɔ kanko ɲinini na. U ye daɲɛgafe fɔlɔw, daɲɛgafew ani alfabɛtiw Dabɔ. O mɔgɔ sugu dɔ tun ye Metodisiw ka ciden Frank Laubach ye, min ye kanpaɲi dɔ daminɛ diɲɛ bɛɛ kɔnɔ ka kalan ni sɛbɛnni kɛ. A ye nɔ Blà ABC-gafew yiriwali la kan 313 la. A kɛra kalanbaliw ka ciden ye. Nin misali ninnu bɛ kuma o fɛn kelen de kan, n’o ye kanw yiriwali ye. A nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ ko hali kanw i n’a fɔ Hindi, Ɛndujamana kanba, Pakistan Urdukan, ani Bangaladeshi Bengali, u ka kanko ni kanko basigilen bɛ kerecɛnya cidenyabaara kan. Mɔgɔ miliyɔn kɛmɛ caman bɛ o kanw fɔ ani ka baara kɛ ni u ye.
Vishal Mangalwadi: Ne lamɔna Ɛndukan dusukun na Allahabad, kilomɛtɛrɛ 80 ɲɔgɔn ka bɔ Kashi, Tulsidas ye Ramcharitmanasin sɛbɛn yɔrɔ min na , o ye Ɛndujamana woroduguyanfan diinɛko ye min nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ. A tun bɛ fɔ n ye tuma bɛɛ ko hindikan bɔra nin maanaba in de la. Nka n y’a kalan tuma min na, n hakili ɲagamina, bawo n ma se ka kumasen kelen faamu a kɔnɔ. Sɛbɛnnikɛla ka « Hindikan » tun tɛ kelen ye pewu ni ne ta ye wa n y’a daminɛ ka ɲininkali kɛ, n fasokan – Ɛndujamana ka jamana kan fɔlɔ – bɔra yɔrɔ min na. ... Ɛndu dɔnnikɛlaw fana ma Ɛndujamana ka kan yiriwa, n’o ye Hindikan ye. Bibulu bamanankan baarakɛlaw i n’a fɔ John Borthwick Gilchrist ani misiri kanko dɔnbagaw i n’a fɔ Rev. SHKellogg sababu de y’a to sisan Hindikan sɛbɛnnikan bɔra kan na min tun bɛ kɛ poyikɛla Tulsidas fɛ (san 1532-1623 ɲɔgɔnna). ... Bibulu bayɛlɛmabagaw ni misiriw ye fɛn caman di ka tɛmɛ ne fasokan kan Hindikan na. Ɛndujamana sɛbɛnnikan ɲɛnamaw bɛɛ b’u ka baara seereya. San 2005, Dɔgɔtɔrɔ Babu Verghese, ɲininikɛla min bɔra Mumbai nka a ye Malayalamkan fɔbaga ye, o ye dɔgɔtɔrɔya sɛbɛn ɲɛ 700 di Nagpur Iniwɛrisite ma walasa a ka segin a kan. A y’a jira ko Bibulu bayɛlɛmabagaw ye bi sɛbɛnnikan 73 da ka bɔ kanw na minnu bɛ fɔ Ɛnduw fanba fɛ minnu tɛ se kalan na. Olu tùn ye Ɛndujamana (Hindi), Pakistan (Urdu) ani Bangaladeshi (Bɛngali) jamana ka kan fɔlɔw ye. Bramine dɔnnikɛla duuru ye Verghes ka dɔgɔtɔrɔya kalan kɛ, ka Filɛsofi dɔgɔtɔrɔ tɔgɔ di a ma san 2008. O waati kelen na, u bɛɛ ye ladilikan di ko, a bɔlen kɔ, o baara in ka kɛ kalan gafe wajibiyalen ye Ɛndukan kalanni kama. (1) .
Kerecɛn cidenyabaara kɛra mɔgɔw dɛmɛni ye tuma bɛɛ, fo a y’a bolo da banabagatɔw, fiyentɔw, kɔngɔlenw, so tɛ minnu bolo ani danfaralenw dɛmɛ. Afiriki jamana caman na, kerecɛnya cidenyabaara ye lakɔli sigicogo bɛɛ jusigilan jɔ basigi ni baarakɛkalan siratigɛ la. O cogo kelen na, cidenyabaara in ye dɛmɛba don kɛnɛyako siratigɛ la... Afiriki ɲininikɛla lakodɔnnenba, Yale Iniwɛrisite karamɔgɔ Lamin Sanneh y’a jira ko Afiriki kɔnɔ, cidenyabaarakɛlaw ye baara belebele kɛ sigida ladamucogo la by sɛbɛnnikan basigilen dabɔli. (2) .
Kalanjɛ ni sɛbɛnni porozɛw ani sɛbɛnniw. I n’a fɔ a fɔra cogo min na, kan fanba y’u ka daɲɛgafe ni sɛbɛnni basigi sɔrɔ kerecɛnya dannaya nɔfɛ. Ala dɔnbaliw ni jamanaw tun tɛ o yiriwali daminɛbagaw ye, nka u tun ye kerecɛn dannaya jirabagaw ye. Sosiyetew ka yiriwali tun bɛ se ka to kɔfɛ san kɛmɛ caman kɔnɔ ni dannaya tun tɛ Ala ni Yesu la. O yɔrɔ in na, kalanko porozɛw bɛ kɛ Erɔpu ani diɲɛ yɔrɔ wɛrɛw la. U sababu fɛ, mɔgɔw bɛ Bibulu ni sɛbɛn wɛrɛw kalanni dege ani ka fɛn kuraw dege. N’i tɛ se ka sɛbɛnni kɛ, a ka gɛlɛn ka fɛn kuraw dege, mɔgɔ wɛrɛw ye sɛbɛnni minnu kɛ. Tuma min na Krecɛn dannaya ye foro minɛ cidenyabaara fɛ, o ye jamana caman ka sigida cogoya n’u ka jɔyɔrɔ fana ɲɛ. O fɛn suguw ye kɛnɛyako ɲuman ye, sɔrɔko ɲuman, sigidako sabatili, nɔgɔlenya ni denmisɛnw ka saya dɔgɔya ani tiɲɛ na, kalanjɛ ɲuman. Ni cidenyabaara ni Krecɛn dannaya tun tɛ yen, tɔɔrɔ ni faantanya tun bɛna caya kosɛbɛ diɲɛ kɔnɔ ani mɔgɔw tun tɛna kalan dɔn. O dɔw la, Robert Woodberry, min ye karamɔgɔ dɛmɛbaga ye Texas Iniwɛrisite la, ale ye jɛɲɔgɔnya kɔlɔsi min bɛ cidenyabaara ni demokarasi cɛ, mɔgɔw ka jɔyɔrɔ fisaman ani u ka kalanjɛ:
Dɔnniyakɛla: Misɔndenw ka baara ye demokarasi daminɛ
Robert Woodberry, min ye Texas Iniwɛrisite karamɔgɔ dɛmɛbaga ye, o ka fɔ la, Protɛstanw ka cidenyabaara baara ye nɔ min bila san 1800 waatiw la ani san 1900 daminɛ na demokarasi yiriwali la, o kɛra fɛnba ye ka tɛmɛ a tun bɛ miiri min na fɔlɔ. Sanni u jɔyɔrɔ ka dɔgɔ demokarasi yiriwali la, misiriw jɔyɔrɔ tun ka bon kosɛbɛ Afiriki ni Azi jamana caman na. Zurunali Christianity Today bɛ o ko fɔ. Robert Woodberry ye jɛɲɔgɔnya sɛgɛsɛgɛ cidenyabaara baara ni fɛnw cɛ minnu bɛ demokarasi nɔ bila a bɛ se ka kɛ san 15 ye. A ka fɔ la, yɔrɔ min na Protɛstan misiriw ye fanga sɔrɔ kosɛbɛ. O yɔrɔ la, sɔrɔ yiriwara kosɛbɛ bi ani kɛnɛyako ka ɲi kosɛbɛ ka tɛmɛ yɔrɔw kan, cidenw ka fanga dɔgɔyara yɔrɔ minnu na walima u tun tɛ yen. Yɔrɔ minnu na cidenyabaara tariku ka ca, denmisɛnw ka saya hakɛ ka dɔgɔ sisan, nanbarako ka dɔgɔ, kalanjɛ ka ca ani ka don kalan na, o ka nɔgɔn, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la musow ma. Robert Woodberry ka fɔ la, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la, Protɛstan lakununni kerecɛnw de ye nɔ ɲuman bila. O ni jamana ka diinɛ ɲɛmɔgɔw walima Katoliki misiri minnu tun bɛ baara la ka kɔn san 1960 ɲɛ, olu tun tɛ o nɔ bila o cogo la. (3) .
Krecɛn dannaya ye nɔ bila sɛbɛnni ni sɛbɛnni na cogo min na, o misali ɲuman dɔ ye ko san 1900 lamini na, diɲɛ sɛbɛnw ye alako sɛbɛnw tɛmɛ feereli la. Bibulu n’a ka kalansiraw tun bɛ jɔyɔrɔba la san kɛmɛ caman kɔnɔ, fo san kɛmɛ tɛmɛnen na, a nafa tun bɔra ka taa a fɛ Tlebi jamanaw na. Yala a kɛra danma ye ko o san kɛmɛ 20nan kelen na, tuma min na Krecɛn diinɛ bilala, kɛlɛba minnu kɛra tariku kɔnɔ, olu kɛra wa? Misali wɛrɛ ye Angletɛri ye, min tun ye jamana yiriwalenba ye diɲɛ kɔnɔ san kɛmɛda 18nan ni 19nan na. Nka mun de tun bɛ Angletɛri ka yiriwali ɲuman kɔfɛ? Siga t’a la, fɛn dɔ tun ye alako ta fan fɛ lakununni ye, mɔgɔw tun bɛ u ɲɛsin Ala ma yɔrɔ minnu na. Fɛn ɲuman caman nana o de kosɔn, i n’a fɔ kalanjɛ ni sɛbɛnni, jɔnya ban, ani faantanw ni baarakɛlaw ka jɔyɔrɔ fisaya. John Wesley, min lakodɔnnen don iko Metodisiw ka tɔn ka waajulikɛla nafamaba ani min sababu fɛ lakununnibaw nana Angletɛri san kɛmɛ 18nan na, o ye nɔba bila o yiriwali la. A fɔra ko a ka baara sababu fɛ Angletɛri ye o ɲɔgɔnna 'yɛrɛlabɔli Kɛ min Kɛra Faransi. Nka, Wesley n’a baarakɛɲɔgɔnw fana ye dɛmɛ don walasa sɛbɛnw kɛra Angilɛw bolo. Encyclopedia Britannica y'a fɔ Wesley ko la o siratigɛ la ko "mɔgɔ wɛrɛ si ma kɛ san kɛmɛ 18nan na ka caman kɛ walasa ka gafe ɲumanw kalanni yiriwa, wa a ye gafe caman lase jamanadenw ma ni sɔngɔ gɛlɛn ye ten Angletɛri jamana na, lakununniw kosɔn, dimansila lakɔli baara fana bangera san kɛmɛ 18nan na. San 1830 waati la, Angletɛri denmisɛn miliyɔn 1,25 tilancɛ ɲɔgɔn tun bɛ taa dimansila kalan na, u ye kalan ni sɛbɛnni dege yen. Angletɛri tun bɛ ka kɛ kalanjɛ jɛkulu ye min kalanna Ala ka Kuma fɛ; jamana ma nɔ bila a la. Etazuni jamana dun? Nin kumasen in bɛ kuma o de kan. A fɔra John Dewey fɛ (1859-1952), ale yɛrɛ ye nɔba bila kalanko laadalako la Ameriki. Nka, a y’a ɲɛfɔ cogo min na kerecɛnya dannaya ye nɔ ɲuman bila misali la jamanadenw ka kalanko la ani jɔnya bɔli a ka jamana kɔnɔ:
O mɔgɔw (kibaru duman kerecɛnw) ye sigida ka bolomafara kɔkolo ye, politiki baara min ɲɛsinnen bɛ sigida labɛnni ma, hɛrɛ ɲinini ani foroba kalan. U bɛ ɲumanya jira ani k’a jira sɔrɔko gɛlɛya bɛ mɔgɔ minnu na ani jamana wɛrɛw la, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la n’u y’u mago don hali dɔɔnin ka ɲɛsin gɔfɛrɛnaman suguya dɔ ma min bɛ wele ko republique - - Jamanaden yɔrɔ in ye jaabi ɲuman di ɲininiw ma minnu bɛ kɛ ka ɲɛsin mɔgɔw ma minnu ka kan ka kɛ cogo bɛnnen na ani ka bɛnkanw tila cogo kelen na sababuw sɔrɔli u yɛrɛ ka bɛnkan hakilina yeelen na. A tugura Lincoln senna jɔnya bɔli la ani a sɔnna Roosevelt ka hakilinaw ma tuma min na a ye tɔnba "juguw" jalaki ani nafolo dalajɛli mɔgɔ damadɔw bolo. (4) .
Inivɛrisitew. Ka kɔn o ɲɛ, a fɔra cogo min na kerecɛnya dannaya ye nɔ bila kan sɛbɛnniw ni sɛbɛnniw dabɔli la san kɛmɛ tɛmɛnenw na ani bi. Misali la, Afiriki jamanaw na, lakɔli sigicogo jusigilan basigilen ni baarakɛkalan siratigɛ la, o bangera kosɛbɛ kerecɛnya cidenyabaara fanga fɛ, i n’a fɔ kɛnɛyako fana. Ni Krecɛn dannaya tun ma nɔ bila, jamanaw ka yiriwali tun bɛ se ka to kɔfɛ san kɛmɛ caman kɔnɔ. Yɔrɔ kelen ye inivɛrisitew ni lakɔlisow ye. Ka fara sɛbɛnni kan, u nafa ka bon dɔnniya yiriwali la, ɲininiw yiriwali la, fɛnkurabɔw bangeli la ani kunnafoniw jɛnsɛnni na. U sababu fɛ, dɔnniya ni ɲinini bɛ taa ɲɛ fo ka se hakɛ kura ma. Kerecɛn ka dannaya ye nɔ bila o yɔrɔ la cogo di? Tuma caman na, diɲɛlamɔgɔw ni Ala dɔnbaliw ka jɛkuluw t’a dɔn ko Bibulu ni Krecɛn dannaya jɔyɔrɔba bɛ o ko la. Inivɛrisite kɛmɛ caman ani lakɔli ba tan ni tan daminɛna Krecɛn Ala ɲɛsiranbagaw fɛ walima cidenyabaara fɛ. U ma bange Ala dɔnbaliw kan, bawo laadala inivɛrisitew ni jamana ka inivɛrisitew tun tɛ yen. Misali la, nin inivɛrisite ninnu lakodɔnnen don kosɛbɛ Angletɛri ni Ameriki: - Oxford ani Cambridge. Eglisi ni batoso caman bɛ dugu fila bɛɛ la. O inivɛrisitew sigira sen kan fɔlɔ walisa ka Bibulu kalan. - Harvard ka kalanso. Nin inivɛrisite in tɔgɔ dara Reverend John Harvard kan. A ka kumasen min bɔra san 1692 la, o ye Veritas Christo et Ecclesiae (tiɲɛ ye Krisita ni Egilisi ye) . - Yale Iniwɛrisite sigira senkan Harvard kalanden kɔrɔ fɛ, n’o ye Puritanw ka sarakalasebaa ye Cotton Mather. - Princeton Iniwɛrisite (a daminɛ na, New Jersey kolɛji) ɲɛmɔgɔ fɔlɔ tun ye Jonathan Edwards ye, min lakodɔnnen don Ameriki lakununniba fɛ san kɛmɛ 18nan na. Ale de tun ye o lakununni waajulikɛla tɔgɔba ye, ka fara George Whitefield kan. - Pennsylvanie ka Iniwɛrisite. George Whitefield, min ye Lawuliliba ɲɛmɔgɔ wɛrɛ ye, ale ye o lakɔli sigi senkan min kɛra Pennsylvanie Iniwɛrisite ye kɔfɛ. Whitefield tun ye dɔlɔminnan dɔ denkɛ ye ani John Wesley min kofɔra ka tɛmɛ, o baarakɛɲɔgɔn dɔ tun don tuma min na a tun bɛ Angletɛri. A kan tun ka di, a tun bɛ mankan bɔ ani a fanga tun ka bon cogo min tɛ deli ka kɛ, fo a tun bɛ se ka kuma mɔgɔ ba tan ni tan fɛ kɛnɛma lajɛw la. A tun bɛ se fana ka waajuli kɛ ni ɲɛji ye, Ala tun ye hinɛ min di a ma mɔgɔw ko la Ɛndujamana dun? Ɛndujamana tɛ dɔn a ka kerecɛnya fɛ. Nka, nin jamana in kɔnɔ, i n’a fɔ Afiriki, lakɔli ba caman bɛ yen minnu bangera kerecɛnya dannaya kan. Ɛndujamana inivɛrisite fɔlɔw fana bangera o cogo kelen na. Iniwɛrisite minnu bɛ i n’a fɔ Calcutta, Madras, Bombay ani Serampore inivɛrisite, olu lakodɔnnen don kosɛbɛ. Ka fara o kan, Allahabad Iniwɛrisite min sigira senkan san 1887, o lakodɔnnen don kosɛbɛ. Ɛndujamana minisiriɲɛmɔgɔ wolonwula fɔlɔw la duuru bɔra nin dugu in na, wa Ɛndujamana marabolo caman ye kalan kɛ Allahabad Iniwɛrisite la.
Yɛlɛmaba dɔ kɛra dɔnniyako la. Barokun daminɛna ni hakilina ye min tun ka di Ala dɔnbaliw ye, ko Krecɛn dannaya kɛra bali ye dɔnniya yiriwali la. Nka, ɲininkali ka nɔgɔn o hakilina in na, bawo sɛbɛnnikanw, kalanjɛ ni inivɛrisitew fanba bangera kerecɛnya dannaya nɔfɛ. Fɛn min bɛ wele ko dɔnniya jiginni do? Tuma caman na, a bɛ fɔ diɲɛnatigɛla ni Ala dɔnbaliw ka jɛkuluw kɔnɔ ko o ɲagami in ni Krecɛn dannaya tun tɛ ɲɔgɔn ta, nka ɲininkali bɛ se ka kɛ o hakilina in na. Sabula bi kɔrɔ la, dɔnniya daminɛna siɲɛ kelen dɔrɔn, o kɔrɔ ye ko Erɔpu jamanaw na, san kɛmɛ 16nan-18nan na, Krecɛn diinɛ tun bɛ yɔrɔ min na. A ma daminɛ diɲɛlatigɛ jɛkulu kɔnɔ, nka kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la, jɛkulu min lawulila Krecɛn dannaya fɛ. A bɛ se ka fɔ ko dɔnnikɛla ŋanaw bɛɛ dalen tun bɛ danni na. U dɔw tun ye Francis Bacon, Robert Boyle, Isaac Newton, Johannes Kepler, Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, Blaise Pascal, Michael Faraday, James Clerck Maxwell, John Ray, Louis Pasteur, a ɲɔgɔnnaw ye U tun tɛ yeelenko lasigidenw ye nka u tun ye kerecɛnya diinɛko lasigidenw ye.
Tariku dɔnbagaw ni sigidamɔgɔw ka bɔnsɔnw y’a kɔlɔsi ko kerecɛnw, kerecɛnw ka dannayakow ani kerecɛnw ka sigidaw ye dɛmɛ don cogo caman na kalansiraw, fɛɛrɛw ani sigidakow yiriwali la minnu labanna ka bi sigida dɔnniya bange(...) Hali ni hakilinaw tɛ kelen ye a fanga la bi tarikusɛbɛnnaw bɛɛ bɛ se ka sɔn a ma ko kerecɛnya (Katoliki diinɛ ni Protɛstan diinɛ bɛɛ) ye dusu don miirilikɛla caman kɔnɔ minnu tun bɛ waati la ka kɔn bi ɲɛ, u ka u sen don fɛnɲɛnamaw ka kalan na cogo labɛnnen na. Tariku dɔnbagaw fana y’a kɔlɔsi ko hakilina minnu juru donna kerecɛnya la, olu ye sira sɔrɔ dɔnniya baro la ni nɔ ɲumanw ye. Dɔnniyakɛla dɔw yɛrɛ b’a fɔ ko hakilina min b’a jira ko fɛnɲɛnɛmaw bɛ baara kɛ ka kɛɲɛ ni sariya dɔw ye, o bɔra kerecɛnw ka diinɛko la. (5) .
Mun de tun bɛ dɔnniya jiginni kɔfɛ? O kun dɔ tun ye, i n’a fɔ a fɔra cogo min na sanfɛ, inivɛrisitew. San 1500 waati la, u tun bɛ mɔgɔ bi wɔɔrɔ ɲɔgɔn bɔ Erɔpu jamanaw na. O inivɛrisitew tun tɛ inivɛrisitew ye minnu tun bɛ mara diɲɛnatigɛlaw ni jamana fɛ, nka u wulila ni cɛmancɛla waatiw ka egilisi ka dɛmɛba ye, wa, sigida dɔnniya ɲinini ni sankolola dɔnniya jɔyɔrɔba tun bɛ u la. U kɔnɔ, ɲinini ni baro hɔrɔnyaba tùn bɛ yen, o min tùn ka di. O inivɛrisitew tun bɛ ni kalanden ba kɛmɛ caman ye, wa u ye dɛmɛ don ka dugukolo labɛn walasa dɔnniya jiginni ka se ka kɛ Erɔpu jamanaw na san kɛmɛ 16nan-18nan na. O jiginni ma barika sɔrɔ ka bɔ yɔrɔ la, nka ko ɲumanw kɛra ka kɔn a ɲɛ. Farafinna wɛrɛw tun tɛ ni kalanba ye ani iniwɛrisite minnu tun bɛ i n’a fɔ Erɔpu,
Moyen Âge ye basigi dɔ dabɔ Tlebi jamana ka ɲɛtaa belebeleba kama: bi dɔnniya. K’a fɔ ko dɔnniya tun tɛ yen ka kɔn “Renaissance” ɲɛ, o tɛ tiɲɛ ye dɔrɔn. U kɛlen kɔ k’u yɛrɛ dɔn Gɛrɛkiw ka ɲinini kɔrɔw la, cɛmancɛla waati dɔnnikɛlaw ye hakilinata siraw labɛn, minnu ye dɔnniya bila ka taa ɲɛ kosɛbɛ ni i y’a suma ni waati kɔrɔw ye. Inivɛrisitew, kalanko hɔrɔnya tun lakananen don yɔrɔ minnu na ka bɔ ɲɛmɔgɔw ka fanga la, olu sigira senkan san 1100 waatiw la. O baaradaw ye yɔrɔ lakananen di dɔnniya ɲininiw ma tuma bɛɛ. Hali Krecɛnw ka diinɛko y’a jira ko a bɛnnen don cogo kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen na walasa ka dusu don mɔgɔw kɔnɔ u ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ o fɛnw kan, minnu tun dalen b’a la ko Ala ka danfɛnw. (6) .
Furakɛcogo ni dɔgɔtɔrɔsow. Krecɛn dannaya ye nɔ bila yɔrɔ min na, o ye furakɛli ni dɔgɔtɔrɔsow bangeli ye. Yɔrɔ nafama dɔ tun ye kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la mɔnikɛlaw ye, minnu ye furakɛli bololasɛbɛn kɔrɔw ni klasiki ni dɔnniya baara kɔrɔ wɛrɛw mara, k’u kopi kɛ ani k’u baara. Ka fara o kan, u ye furakɛli yiriwa ka taa a fɛ. Ni u ka baaraw tun tɛ, furakɛli tun tɛna taa ɲɛ fo ka se hakɛ kelen ma, wa kɔrɔlen sɛbɛn kɔrɔw tun tɛna mara walasa bi mɔgɔw ka se k’u kalan. Kɛnɛyako, sigida baara ani dɛmɛjɛkulu caman (Croix Rouge, Save the Children...) fana daminɛna kerecɛnw fɛ, bawo kerecɛnya dannaya kɔnɔ, hinɛ bɛ mɔgɔ sigiɲɔgɔn na tuma bɛɛ. O sinsinnen bɛ Yesu ka kalan ni a ka misali kan. O nɔ na, Ala dɔnbaliw ni hadamadenya dɔnbagaw kɛra tuma caman na o yɔrɔ la. Angilɛ kunnafonisɛbɛndila Malcolm Muggeridge (1903-1990), ale yɛrɛ tun ye hadamadenya dɔnnikɛla ye min tɛ laadalako ye, nka o bɛɛ n’a ta, a tun ye tiɲɛtigi ye, o y’o kɔlɔsi. A y’a janto diɲɛnatigɛ jateminɛ bɛ nɔ bila ladamu cogo min na:"Ne ye san caman kɛ Ɛndujamana ni Afiriki, wa o fila bɛɛ la, ne ye baara tilennen caman sɔrɔ minnu bɛ mara kerecɛnw fɛ minnu bɛ diinɛ suguya wɛrɛw la; nka siɲɛ kelen ma kɛ dɔgɔtɔrɔso walima denmisɛnninw ka so dɔ ye min bɛ ladon sosiyalisimu jɛkulu dɔ fɛ walima kunatɔw ka dɔgɔtɔrɔso dɔ fɛ."(Alimankan na) baara kɛli hadamadenya siratigɛ la." (7) . Nin kumasen ninnu b’a jira ka t’a fɛ cogo min na Krecɛn dannaya ye nɔ bila sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ baara la ani yɔrɔ wɛrɛw la cidenyabaara sababu fɛ. Afiriki ni Ɛndujamana dɔgɔtɔrɔso fanba bangera kerecɛn cidenyabaara fɛ ani dɛmɛ nege fɛ. Erɔpu dɔgɔtɔrɔso fɔlɔw fanba fana bɔra kerecɛn diinɛ fanga kɔrɔ. Ala bɛ se ka mɔgɔ kɛnɛya k’a ɲɛsin a yɛrɛ ma, nka mɔgɔ caman ye dɛmɛ sɔrɔ furaw ni dɔgɔtɔrɔsow sababu fɛ. Kerecɛn ka dannaya ye jɔyɔrɔba ta o la.
Moyen Âge waatiw la, mɔgɔw, minnu bɛ Ordre de Saint Benedict kɔnɔ, olu ye dɔgɔtɔrɔso ba fila ni kɔ ladon Erɔpu Tlebi dɔrɔn na. San kɛmɛ 12nan nafa tun ka bon kosɛbɛ o siratigɛ la, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la yen, Ordre de Saint John tun bɛ baara kɛ yɔrɔ min na. Misali la, Ni Senu ka dɔgɔtɔrɔso belebeleba sigira senkan san 1145 Montpellier, min kɛra teliya la furakɛli kalanso ye ani furakɛli santiril Montpellier san 1221. Ka fara furakɛli kan, o dɔgɔtɔrɔsow tun bɛ dumuni di kɔngɔtɔw ma ani a tun bɛ muso cɛ salenw ni yatɔw ladon, ka saraka di mɔgɔw ma minnu mago tun bɛ u la. (8) .
Hali ni Krecɛn egilisi kɔrɔfɔra kosɛbɛ a ka tariku kɔnɔ, a kɛra ɲɛfɛla ye hali bi furakɛli la faantanw ye, ka mɔgɔ minɛlenw dɛmɛ, minnu tɛ so sɔrɔ walima minnu bɛ ka sa ani ka baarakɛyɔrɔw ɲɛ. Ɛndujamana na, dɔgɔtɔrɔsow ni kalanso ɲumanw minnu bɛ tali kɛ a la, olu ye kerecɛn cidenyabaara de nɔ ye, hali fo ka se hakɛ min ma, Ɛndu caman bɛ baara kɛ ni o dɔgɔtɔrɔsow ye ka tɛmɛ dɔgɔtɔrɔsow kan minnu bɛ mara gɔfɛrɛnaman fɛ, bawo u b’a dɔn ko u bɛna ladonni ɲuman sɔrɔ ka tɛmɛ yen. A jate la, diɲɛ kɛlɛba filanan daminɛna tuma min na, Ɛndujamana infirɛri 90% tun ye kerecɛnw ye, wa u 80% y’u ka kalan sɔrɔ cidenyabaara dɔgɔtɔrɔsow la. (9) .
Eglisi kɔnɔ, nin ɲɛnamaya kow tun bɛ ladon i n’a fɔ ɲɛnamaya nata kow tun bɛ ladon cogo min na; a kɛra i n' a fɔ farafinw ye fɛn o fɛn kɛ , o bɛɛ bɔra egilisi ka cidenyabaara la . (Nelson Mandela y’a ka ɲɛnamayasɛbɛn kɔnɔ min tɔgɔ ye ko Long Walk to Freedom)
Yala egilisi ye dɔnnikɛlaw tɔɔrɔ wa? I n’a fɔ a fɔra cogo min na, Krecɛn dannaya ye nɔba bila dɔnniya jiginni bangeli la. O kun dɔ tun ye inivɛrisitew ye minnu sigira egilisi fɛ. O la sa, kuma min ka di Ala dɔnbaliw ye ka sɛnɛ, n’o ye ko Krecɛn dannaya tun bɛna kɛ balilan ye dɔnniya yiriwali la, o ye nsiirinba ye. O b’a jira fana ni Krecɛn dannaya ye fanga sɔrɔ jamana minnu na kabini tuma jan, olu kɛra tutigɛbagaw ye dɔnniya ni ɲinini siratigɛ la. Hakilina min tun b’a fɔ ko egilisi tun bɛ dɔnnikɛlaw tɔɔrɔ, o dun bɛ cogo di? Ala dɔnbaliw ka jɛkuluw b’a fɛ ka o hakilina in mara, nka tariku ɲininikɛla caman b’a jate tariku tiɲɛni ye. Nin hakilina in min bɛ dannaya ni dɔnniya cɛ, o bɛ daminɛ dɔrɔn san kɛmɛ 19nan laban na, tuma min na sɛbɛnnikɛla minnu ye Darwin ka miiriya dɛmɛ, misali la Andrew Dickson White ani John William Draper, olu y’a lawuli u ka gafew kɔnɔ. Nka, misali la, cɛmancɛla waati ɲininikɛla James Hannam y’a Fɔ ko:
A ni mɔgɔw bɛɛ ka dannaya tɛ kelen ye, egilisi ma sɔn abada dugukolo fla hakilina ma, a ma sɔn abada suw sɛgɛsɛgɛli ma, wa tiɲɛ na, a ma mɔgɔ si jeni abada jiri la u ka dɔnniya miiriyaw kosɔn. (10) .
Ɔsitarali sigasigabaga Tim O’Neill ye jɔyɔrɔ ta nin kuma in kan, wa a b’a jira cogo min na mɔgɔ caman tɛ tariku dɔn tiɲɛ na: "A man gɛlɛn ka nin kumajugu in sɔgɔsɔgɔ, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la n'a bɛ kuma a kan, u tɛ foyi dɔn tariku ko la. U ye nin hakilina kabakoma ninnu ta dɔrɔn ka bɔ sitiw ni gafew la minnu bɛ fɔ kosɛbɛ. Nin kuma ninnu bɛ bin ni u gosira ni u gosi."(Alimankan na) dalilu minnu tɛ se ka sɔsɔ.Ne b’a ye ko a ka di ka propagandew tulo geren cogo dafalen na, n’a ɲinina u fɛ u ka dɔnnikɛla kelen tɔgɔ fɔ - kelen dɔrɔn - min jenina jiri la walima min tɔɔrɔla walima min degunna a ka ɲininiw kosɔn cɛmancɛla waatiw la.U tɛ se ka mɔgɔ kelen tɔgɔ fɔ abada ... Yɔrɔ min na n bɛ cɛmancɛla waati dɔnnikɛlaw tɔgɔ fɔ - Albertus Magnus, Robert Grosseteste, Roger Bacon, John Peckham, Duns Scotus, Thomas Bradwardine, Walter Burley, William Heytesbury, Richard Swineshead, John Dumbleton, Richard ka bɔ Wallingford, Nikola Oresme, Jean Buridan, san 1999.ani Nicolaus Cusanus — ani ne b’a ɲininka mun na nin cɛw ye hɛrɛ bɛɛ la ka cɛmancɛla waati dɔnniya yiriwa k’a sɔrɔ egilisi ma u tɔɔrɔ, a ka c’a la, ne kɛlɛbagaw tun bɛ u kunkolo sɔgɔsɔgɔ ni kabako ye, k’u yɛrɛ ɲininka mun de kɛra tiɲɛ na." (11) Galile Galilei dun, ale min ye Gɛrɛkikan Ptolémée ka misali min tun sinsinnen bɛ dugukolo kan, n’o tun bɛ tile lamini dugukolo kan, o bɛ cogo di? Tiɲɛ don ko Pape ye kojugu kɛ a la, nka ko in ye fanga baaracogo tiɲɛni ye, a tɛ dɔnniya kɛlɛli ye. (Ɔwɔ, Papew ni Katoliki Egilisi ye jalaki bin fɛn caman wɛrɛw kan, i n’a fɔ Kurucɛw ni Inkizisiyɔn. Nka, o ye ko ye min bɛ Krecɛn dannaya dabila pewu walima a tɛ tugu Yesu ka kalansiraw kɔ. Mɔgɔ caman tɛ nin faamu danfara.) A nafa ka bon fana k’a dɔn ko dɔnniya ni dannaya cidenw fila bɛɛ tun tilalen don u ka miiriya la Galile ka miiriya ko la. Dɔnniyakɛla dɔw tun bɛ a fan fɛ, dɔw tun bɛ a kɛlɛ. O cogo kelen na, egilisi mɔgɔ dɔw y’a ka hakilinaw kɛlɛ, dɔw y’u lafasa. O bɛ kɛ tuma bɛɛ ni hakilina kuraw bɔra kɛnɛ kan. O tuma na fɛ, mun na Galile ma sɔn Pape ma, ka bila kaso la so kɔnɔ a ka soba kɔnɔ? O kun dɔ tun ye Galile yɛrɛ ka kɛwalew ye. Fɔlɔ, Pape tun ye Galile kanubagaba ye, nka Galile ka sɛbɛnni min kɛra ni hakilitigiya ye, o kɛra sababu ye ka ko juguya. Ari Turunen ye sɛbɛnni kɛ o ko in kɔkankow kan:
Hali ni Galile Galile bɛ jate dɔnniya ka martiriba dɔ ye, a ka kan ka to an hakili la ko a tun man di kosɛbɛ a ka mɔgɔya la. A tun bɛ kuncɛbaya kɛ ani a tun bɛ dimi nɔgɔya la, a tun bɛ ŋunan kosɛbɛ wa a tun tɛ ni hakilitigiya ni seko ye ka mɔgɔw minɛ.A kan nɛrɛmuguma n’a ka nisɔndiya kosɔn, a juguw fana tun tɛ dɛsɛ. Galileo ka sankolola-ko baara bɛ baara Kɛ ni baro-fɔcogo ye. Gafe in bɛ mɔgɔ dɔ jira min hakili ka dɔgɔ, n’o tɔgɔ ye ko Simplicius, min bɛ Galileo jira ni sɔsɔliw ye minnu ka jugu kosɛbɛ. Galile juguw sera ka Pape Lajɔ ko Galile tun b’a fɛ ka Pape kɔrɔ n’a ka Simplicus ja ye. O kɔfɛ dɔrɔn, Urban VIII fu ni hakilitigi ye fɛɛrɛ tigɛ Galile... ...Urbanus y’a yɛrɛ jate fɛnkurabɔla ye ani a sɔnna ka kuma ni Galile ye, nka Galile ka fɔcogo tun ka ca kojugu Pape bolo. Galile tun b’a fɛ ka Pape kɔrɔ ni a ka Simplicus ja ye wo, a tun t’a fɛ, tɔgɔ sugandili tun ka jugu kosɛbɛ fo ka se ka faamuya. Galile tun t’a janto sɛbɛnni ɲɛtaa jɔnjɔnw na, o min kɔnɔ, kalanden bonya fana sen bɛ o la. (12) .
Ani, yala Ala dɔnbaliw ye dɔnnikɛlaw tɔɔrɔ wa? A dɔgɔyalenba la, o kɛra Soviyetiki jamana na, min tɛ Ala dɔn, dɔnnikɛla damadɔ, i n’a fɔ jamu dɔnbagaw, bilala kaso la yen, dɔw fagara k’a sababu kɛ u ka dɔnniya hakilinaw ye. O cogo kelen na, dɔnnikɛla damadɔ fagara Faransi ka yɛrɛmahɔrɔnya la: kemikɛla Antoine Lavoisier, sankolola dɔnnikɛla Jean Sylvain Bally, minɛnko dɔnnikɛla Philippe-Frédéric de Dietrich, sankolola dɔnnikɛla Jean Baptiste Gaspard Bochart de Saron, jiriw dɔnbaga Chrétien Guillaume de Lamoignon de Malesherbes. Nka, u ma faga u ka dɔnniya hakilinaw kosɔn, nka u fagara u ka politiki miiriyaw kosɔn. Yan fana, o kɛra fanga tiɲɛni ko ye, min kɔlɔlɔw tun tɛ kelen ye fewu ni Galile minɛcogo ye.
Dɔnniya sira jugu: Darwin ye dɔnniya bila sira jugu kan. Nin barokun daminɛna ni kuma ye min tun ka di Ala dɔnbaliw ye, ko Krecɛn dannaya kɛra bali ye dɔnniya yiriwali la. A fɔra ko basigi si tɛ o fɔlen in na, nka kerecɛn dannaya nafa kɛra ko latigɛlen ye dɔnniya bangeli n’a ɲɛtaa kama. O hakilina in sinsinnen bɛ fɛn caman kan i n’a fɔ sɛbɛnnikanw bangeli, kalanjɛ, lakɔlisow ni iniwɛrisitew, furakɛli ni dɔgɔtɔrɔsow yiriwali, ani ko dɔnniya jiginni kɛra Erɔpu san kɛmɛ 16nan-18nan na, yɔrɔ min na kerecɛnya diinɛ tun bɛ fanga sɔrɔ. O fɛn caman Changement ma daminɛ diɲɛ kɔnɔ, nka a daminɛna kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la jamana kɔnɔ min lawulila kerecɛn dannaya fɛ. Ni kerecɛn dannaya kɛra sababu ɲuman ye dɔnniya yiriwali la, dɔnniya ni Krecɛn dannaya kɛlɛli hakilina bɔra min? Siga t’a la, o kun dɔ tun ye Charles Darwin ye n’a ka fɛnɲɛnamayali miiriyaw ye san kɛmɛ 19nan na. O hakilina in min bɛ Bɛn ni naturalisme (naturalisimu) ye, o de ye nin ja in jalakibaa ye. Ala dɔnbali min lakodɔnnen don kosɛbɛ Richard Dawkins fana y’a jira ko sanni Darwin ka waati ka se a tun bɛna gɛlɛya a ma ka kɛ Ala dɔnbali ye: “ Hali ni Ala dɔnbaliya tun bɛ se ka kɛ i n’a fɔ a bɛ se ka kɛ hakili la Darwin ɲɛkɔrɔ, Darwin dɔrɔn de ye Ala dɔnbaliya jusigilan sigi hakili ta fan fɛ (13) ye. Nka nka. Ni dɔnnikɛlaw bɛ Darwin ka baara n’a ka cɛsiriw bonya, u bɛ tiɲɛ yɔrɔ dɔ la, u bɛ fili yɔrɔ dɔ la. U bɛ tiɲɛ fɔ ko Darwin tun ye fɛnɲɛnamaw dɔnbaga ye kosɛbɛ min ye danfɛnw kɔlɔsili tigitigi kɛ, k’a ka ko dɔn ani k’a ka ɲininiw sɛbɛnni dɔn. Mɔgɔ si y’a ka magnum opus On the Origin of Species kalan , o si tɛ se ka ban o la. Nka, u filila ka Sɔn Darwin ka hakilina ma ko sugu bɛɛ bɛ ciyɛn ta ka Bɔ seli fɔlɔ kelen na (seli fɔlɔ-ni-mɔgɔ ka miiriya). O kun ka nɔgɔn: Darwin ma se ka misali si jira fɛnɲɛnama suguya caman yeli kan a ka gafe kɔnɔ min tɔgɔ ye ko On the Origin of Species, nka a ye misali dɔrɔn de jira fɛn suguya caman yeli la. U ye fɛn fila ye minnu tɛ kelen ye. Yɛlɛma, i n’a fɔ kɔnɔnin dawolo bonya, a kamanw bonya, walima banakisɛ dɔw ka se ka bana kɛlɛ ka ɲɛ, o t’a jira cogo si la ko sisan suguya bɛɛ bɔra selilɛri fɔlɔ kelen na. Nin kumasen ninnu bɛ fɛn caman fɔ o barokun kan. Darwin yɛrɛ tun ka kan ka sɔn a ma ko misali si tun t’a fɛ min b’a jira ko fɛn suguya caman yeli lakika ye. O siratigɛ la, a bɛ se k’a fɔ ko Darwin ye dɔnniya lafili:
Darwin : Tiɲɛ na, ne sɛgɛnnen don k’a fɔ mɔgɔw ye ko ne t’a fɔ ko dalilu tilennen si bɛ ne bolo min b’a jira ko suguya dɔ jiginna ka kɛ suguya wɛrɛ ye, wa ko ne dalen b’a la ko nin hakilina in bɛnnen don kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la bawo ko caman bɛ se ka fara ɲɔgɔn kan ani ka ɲɛfɔ ka da o kan. (14) .
Encyclopedia Britannica: A ka kan ka sinsin a kan ko Darwin ma deli k’a fɔ ko a sera ka fɛnɲɛnama suguyaw bɔyɔrɔ jira. A y’a fɔ ko ni fɛnw jiginni kɛra, fɛn caman bɛ se ka ɲɛfɔ minnu tɛ se ka ɲɛfɔ. O la sa, dalilu minnu bɛ fɛnw jiginni sinsin, olu tɛ ɲɛsin fɛnw ma.
"A bɛ mɔgɔ kɔnɔnafili kosɛbɛ ko gafe min tɔgɔ bɔra kosɛbɛ suguyaw bɔyɔrɔ ɲɛfɔli la, o t'a ɲɛfɔ cogo si la." (Christopher Booker, Times sɛbɛnnikɛla min bɛ kuma Darwin ka magnum opus kan, On the Origin of Species ) (15)
Ni Darwin tun ye mɔgɔw kalan cogo la min b’a jira ko denbaya jiri kelen nɔ na (yɔrɔ min bɛ fɛnw jiginni na, n’o b’a miiri ko sisan ɲɛnamaya suguyaw bɔra seli fɔlɔ kelen na), denbaya jiri kɛmɛ caman tun bɛna kɛ yen, wa ko jiri kelen-kelen bɛɛ bolow bɛ yen ani bifurcations, a tun bɛna gɛrɛ tiɲɛ na kosɛbɛ. Yɛlɛma bɛ Kɛ tiɲɛ na, i n’a fɔ Darwin y’a Jira cogo min na, nka suguya jɔnjɔnw dɔrɔn de kɔnɔ. Kɔlɔsiliw bɛ bɛn dacogo misali ma ka tɛmɛ misali kan, sisan ɲɛnamaya suguya minnu bɛ bɔ seli fɔlɔ kelen na, n’o ye jirisun kelen ye:
An bɛ se ka hakilinaw dɔrɔn de kɛ ŋaniyaw kan minnu ye dɔnnikɛlaw bila ka bɛnbakɛ kelen hakilina ta k’a sɔrɔ u ma kɔrɔfɔ ten. Siga t’a la, Darwin ka se sɔrɔli ye dɔ fara dɔnnikɛlaw ka bonya kan, wa, o hakilina min tun ye ko otomatiki taabolo tun bɛ bɛn o waati hakili ma kosɛbɛ fo o miiriya yɛrɛ ye dɛmɛba sɔrɔ min ye kabako ye ka bɔ diinɛ ɲɛmɔgɔw yɔrɔ. A mana kɛ cogo o cogo, dɔnnikɛlaw sɔnna o hakilina ma sanni a ka kɔrɔbɔ kosɛbɛ, o kɔfɛ, u y’u ka fanga ta walasa ka jamaba Lajɔ ko dabɔcogo bɛ Se ka hadamaden Bɔ banakisɛ la ani banakisɛ dɔ Bɔ kemikɛli ɲagaminen na. Fɛnɲɛnɛmako dɔnniya y’a daminɛ ka daliluw ɲini minnu b’a sinsin o kan, wa a y’a daminɛ ka ɲɛfɔliw kɛ minnu bɛna dalilu juguw kɛ fu ye. (16) .
Fɛnɲɛnɛmaw sɛbɛn fana bɛ Darwin ka miiriya sɔsɔ. A dɔnna kabini tuma jan ko yiriwali dɔɔnin-dɔɔnin si tɛ Se ka Ye fɛnɲɛnamaw la, hali n’a y’a Sɔrɔ fɛnɲɛnamaw ka fɛnɲɛnamayali miiriya bɛ dusukunnataw, farikolo yɔrɔw ani suguya kuraw bɔli wajibiya o sababu fɛ. Misali la, Steven M. Stanley y’a fɔ ko: “Misali kelen tɛ fɛnɲɛnamafagalan dɔntaw la, yɔrɔ min na, sigicogo kura nafama dɔ bɛ ka yiriwa suguya in na (17) Yiriwali dɔɔnin-dɔɔnin in Sɔnna fɛnɲɛnɛma-ko dɔnnikɛla ŋana damadɔ fɛ. Fɛnɲɛnɛmaw walima bi fɛnɲɛnamaw si tɛ misaliw jira yiriwali dɔɔnindɔɔnin na, Darwin ka miiriya bɛ min ɲini. Dugukolo kan, tariku misew ka lasigidenw ka kuma dɔw bɛ duguma. Dalilu ɲumanw ka kan ka sɔrɔ fɛnɲɛnamaw ka tariku misew kɔnɔ, minnu b’a jira ko fɛnɲɛnamaw jiginna, nka u tɛ o kɛ. Fɔlɔ, Stephen Jay Gould ka kuma dɔ, n’a sɔrɔla an ka waati la fɛnkɔrɔw dɔnbaga tɔgɔba ye (Amerika misiri). A ye sɔsɔli Kɛ ko yiriwali bɛ Kɛ dɔɔnin dɔɔnin fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw na:
Stephen Jay Gould: N t’a fɛ cogo si la ka fɛn dɔ dɔgɔya min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛnw jiginni ye dɔɔnin dɔɔnin. N b’a fɛ k’a jira dɔrɔn ko a ma deli ka ‘kɔlɔsi’ faraw la. (Panda ka bolokɔfɛfɛn, san 1988, ɲɛ 182.183).
Dɔgɔtɔrɔ Etheridge, min ye Angilɛw ka misiri ɲɛmɔgɔba ye min tɔgɔ bɔra diɲɛ kɔnɔ: Nin mise bɛɛ kɔnɔ, hali fɛn fitinin tɛ yen min bɛ se ka suguyaw bɔyɔrɔ jira ka bɔ cɛmancɛlafɛnw na. Yɛlɛmako miiriya ma sinsin kɔlɔsiliw ni tiɲɛkow kan. I n’a fɔ kuma fɔli hadamadenw ka siya kan, ko bɛ cogo kelen na. Nin mise in falen bɛ daliluw la minnu b’a jira cogo min na nin miiriya ninnu tɛ hakili sɔrɔ. (18) .
Fɛnɲɛnɛmako mise belebele duuru kɔnɔ, faama si tɛ se ka hali fɛnɲɛnama dɔ misali nɔgɔman kelen jira, min bɛ se ka jate iko dalilu min b’a jira ko a jiginna dɔɔnin dɔɔnin ka bɔ suguya dɔ la ka taa suguya wɛrɛ la. (Dɔgɔtɔrɔ Luther Sunderland ka kuma kuncɛlen a ka gafe kɔnɔ min tɔgɔ ye ko Darwin’s enigma . A ye sigida tariku misew ka lasigiden caman ɲininka nin gafe in kama, ka sɛbɛn ci u ma k’a laɲini k’a dɔn dalilu sugu minnu b’u bolo walasa ka fɛnw jiginni jira. [19])
Nin kumasen in bɛ t’a fɛ o ko kelen in kan. Dɔgɔtɔrɔ Colin Patterson salen tun ye fɛnkɔrɔw dɔnbaga ŋana ye ani fɛnɲɛnɛmaw dɔnbaga ye Angletɛri misiri la (Natural History). A ye gafe dɔ Sεbεn 'kɔnɔnafiliko kan - nka tuma min na mɔgɔ dɔ y'a Лininka mun na a ka gafe kɔnɔ, cɛmancɛ-fɛnw (organismes en transition) ja si t'a la, a ye nin jaabi in Sɔrɔ. A ka jaabi kɔnɔ, a bɛ kuma Stephen J. Gould kan, n’a sɔrɔ a ye fɛnkɔrɔw dɔnbaga tɔgɔba ye diɲɛ kɔnɔ (a farala a kan ni ja jɛman ye):
N bɛ Sɔn i ka hakilina ma pewu ka ɲɛsin ja dɛsɛ ma n ka gafe kɔnɔ fɛnɲɛnamaw kan minnu bɛ jiginni siratigɛ la. Ni ne tun bɛ o ɲɔgɔnna dɔw dɔn, ni fɛnɲɛnamaw ye walima ni fɛn ɲɛnamaw ye, ne tun bɛna u don ne ka gafe kɔnɔ ni diyanye ye . I b’a Fɔ ko n ka kan ka baara Kɛ ni dɔnkotigi ye walasa ka o cɛmancɛ-fɔcogo suguw Jira nka a bɛna kunnafoni Sɔrɔ min a ka ja ninnu na? Tiɲɛ na, n ma se ka nin kunnafoni in di a ma, wa ni n ka kan ka o ko to dɔnkotigi dɔ bolo, yala o tɛna kalanden bila sira jugu kan wa? N ye n ka gafe sɛbɛnni sɛbɛn a bɛ san naani bɔ [gafe kɔnɔ a b’a fɔ ko a dalen bɛ cɛmancɛ cogoya dɔw la]. Ni ne tun b’a sɛbɛn sisan, ne hakili la ko gafe tun bɛna kɛ cogo wɛrɛ la. Dɔɔni dɔɔni (ka fɛn caman Changé dɔɔnin dɔɔnin) ye hakilina ye ne dalen bɛ min na. Darwin ka bonya dɔrɔn tɛ, nka a bɛ iko ne ka faamuyali min bɛ jamu ko la, o bɛ o wajibiya. Nka, a ka gɛlɛn ka fɔ [fɛnɲɛnama dɔnbaga tɔgɔba Stephen J.] Gould ni Ameriki mise mɔgɔ wɛrɛw kama n’u y’a fɔ ko cɛmancɛ suguya si tɛ yen . Ne min ye fɛnkɔrɔw dɔnbaga ye, ne bɛ baara kɛ kosɛbɛ ni hakilitigiya gɛlɛyaw ye n’a bɛ fɛnɲɛnama suguya kɔrɔw dɔn ka bɔ fɛnɲɛnamaw la. I b’a fɔ ko ne fana ka kan ka ‘fɛnɲɛnɛma dɔ foto jira a dɔgɔyalenba la, fɛnɲɛnama kulu dɔ bɔra min na’. N bɛ kuma k’a ɲɛsin a ma – fɛnɲɛnɛma si tɛ yen min bɛna kɛ dalilu ye min tɛ ji sɔrɔ . (20) .
Mun bɛ se ka kuncɛ ka bɔ nin kuma fɔlenw na? An bɛ se ka Darwin bonya iko nafolotigi ɲuman, nka an man kan ka sɔn a ka miirili ma suguya ciyɛnko kan ka bɔ seli fɔlɔ kelen na. A jɛlen don ko daliluw bɛnnen don kosɛbɛ danni ma walisa Ala ye fɛn bɛɛ labɛn o yɔrɔnin bɛɛ la. Yɛlɛma bɛ Kɛ tiɲɛ na, wa suguya bɛ Se ka Yɛlɛma fo ka Se hakɛ dɔ ma baganmara fɛ, nka dan bɛ nin bɛɛ la min bɛna Se ka Sɔrɔ sɔɔni. Kuncɛli ye ko Darwin ye dɔnniya bila sira jugu kan, wa dɔnnikɛla minnu tɛ Ala dɔn, olu tugura a kɔ. A bɛnnen don kosɛbɛ ka an jigi da tariku miiriya kan ko Ala ye fɛn bɛɛ da walisa a kana wuli a yɛrɛ ma. O hakilina in bɛ Sɔ̀rɔ fana k’a sababu Kɛ ko dɔnnikɛlaw t’a Dɔn ɲɛnamaya bɛ Se ka Lawuli cogo min na a yɛrɛ ma. O bɛ faamuya bawo a tɛ se ka kɛ. Ɲɛnamaya dɔrɔn de bɛ se ka ɲɛnamaya da, wa danfara si ma sɔrɔ o sariya in na. Ɲɛnamaya fɔlɔw ta fan fɛ, o bɛ Ala de kofɔ ka jɛya:
- (Jen 1:1) A daminɛ na, Ala ye sankolo ni dugukolo da.
- (Rom 1:19,20) Sabu min bɛ se ka dɔn Ala fɛ, o bɛ ye u la; katuguni Ala y'o jira u la. 20 Kabini diɲɛ da tuma na, a ka fɛn yebaliw bɛ ye ka jɛya, k'a masɔrɔ a ka sebaaya banbali ni a ka Elohimya. fo u tɛ dalilu sɔrɔ : .
- (Jir 4:11) Matigi, i ka kan ka nɔɔrɔ ni bonya ni fanga sɔrɔ, katuguni i ye fɛn bɛɛ da, i diyanyeko kosɔn u bɛ yen ani u dara .
References:
1. Vishal Mangalwadi: Kirja, joka muutti maailmasi (The Book that Made Your World), p. 181,182,186 2. Usko, toivo ja terveys, p. 143, Article by Risto A. Ahonen 3. Matti Korhonen, Uusi tie 6.2.2014, p. 5. 4. John Dewey: ”The American Intellectual Frontier” New Republic, 10.5.1922, vol. 30, p. 303. Republic Publishing 1922 5. Noah J. Efron: Myytti 9: Kristinusko synnytti modernin luonnontieteen, p. 82,83 in book Galileo tyrmässä ja muita myyttejä tieteestä ja uskonnosta (Galileo Goes to Jail and Other Myths about Science and Religion) 6. James Hannam: The Genesis of Science: How the Christian Middle Ages Launched the Scientific Revolution 7. Malcolm Muggeridge: Jesus Rediscovered. Pyramid 1969. 8. David Bentley Hart: Ateismin harhat (Atheist Delusions: The Christian Revolution and its Fashionable Enemies), p. 65 9. Lennart Saari: Haavoittunut planeetta, p. 104 10. James Hannam: The Genesis of Science: How the Christian Middle Ages Launched the Scientific Revolution 11. O'Neill, T., The Dark Age Myth: An atheist reviews God's Philosophers, strangenotions.com, 17 October 2009 12. Ari Turunen: Ei onnistu, p. 201,202 13. Richard Dawkins: Sokea kelloseppä, p. 20 14. Darwin, F & Seward A. C. toim. (1903, 1: 184): More letters of Charles Darwin. 2 vols. London: John Murray. 15. Christopher Booker: “The Evolution of a Theory”, The Star, Johannesburg, 20.4.1982, p. 19 16. Philip E. Johnson: Darwin on Trial, p. 152 17. Steven M. Stanley: Macroevolution: Pattern and Process. San Francisco: W.M. Freeman and Co. 1979, p. 39 18. Thoralf Gulbrandsen: Puuttuva rengas, p. 94 19. Sit. kirjasta "Taustaa tekijänoikeudesta maailmaan", Kimmo Pälikkö ja Markku Särelä, p. 19. 20. Carl Wieland: Kiviä ja luita (Stones and Bones), p. 15,16
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Other Google Translate machine translations:
San miliyɔn caman / dinɔsɔsi / hadamadenw ka jiginni? Dɔnniya min bɛ lafili la: Ala dɔnbaliw ka bɔyɔrɔ ni san miliyɔn caman Dinɔsɔsiw tun bɛ balo tuma jumɛn?
Bibulu ka tariku
Kerecɛnya dannaya: dɔnniya, hadamadenw ka josariyaw Kerecɛnw ka dannaya ani hadamadenw ka josariyaw
Kɔrɔnfɛ diinɛw / Waati kura Yala mɔgɔ segin-ka-bɔnye ye tiɲɛ ye wa?
Silamɛya Muhamadu ka jirali ni a ka ɲɛnamaya Bololabaara silamɛya la ani Makka Yala Kuranɛ bɛ se ka da a kan wa?
Ɲininkali minnu bɛ kɛ jogoɲumanya kan Aw ka hɔrɔnya ka bɔ cɛnimusoya la Euthanasie ani waati taamasiɲɛw
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