Ambaliyar

1. Shaidar Ambaliyar

Sau da yawa ana ganin Rigyawar a matsayin tatsuniya kawai. Musamman waɗanda suka gaskata da ka’idar juyin halitta, ba su yarda cewa rigyawar ta taɓa faruwa ba. Suna tsammanin ba zai yiwu ba cewa ruwa ya taɓa rufe duniya duka. 

   Amma shin da gaske ne Rigyawar ta faru? Idan muka yi nazari a zahiri game da ƙasa, burbushin halittu da al'adun ɗan adam, suna nuni ne ga Tufana. Sun nuna cewa babbar halaka ta taɓa faruwa a duniya. A cikin gaba, za mu bincika ta hanyar jeri-kamar shaidar da ke nuna wannan babban bala'i.

Manyan kaburburan dabbobi

• An yi kiyasin cewa akwai kimanin kwarangwal biliyan 800 na kasusuwa da aka binne a yankin Karroo a Afirka ta Kudu (kasidar Robert Broom a Kimiyya, Janairu 1959). Girman girman wannan wurin binnewa yana nuna cewa wani abin da bai dace ba ya faru. Lallai an binne dabbobin da sauri. Gabaɗaya, ana iya bayyana irin wannan al'amari mafi kyau ta hanyar halakar jama'a kamar Ambaliyar ruwa, wanda zai iya tara ƙasa da sauri a saman dabbobi.

• Ruwan sanyi na Alaska da Siberiya ya ƙunshi miliyoyin ton na ƙasusuwan dabbobi. Mahimmanci, da yawa daga cikin waɗannan dabbobin manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa ne waɗanda ba za su iya rayuwa cikin yanayin sanyi ba kuma ba za su iya binne kansu ba. Bayanin daga littafin Maailman Luonto ya ba da labari game da shi. Ya nuna yadda aka sami waɗannan manyan dabbobi a cikin ƙasa tare da ciyayi daban-daban:

Wani abin sha'awa a nan shi ne gaskiyar cewa permafrost a Alaska da kuma a Siberiya na iya haɗawa da kasusuwa da nama da aka sani da yawa, da tsire-tsire masu ruɓewa da sauran ragowar halittun halittu. A wasu wurare, waɗannan suna ƙara zuwa wani yanki na musamman na ƙasa. Wani abu mai yawa na ragowar daga manyan dabbobi ne, irin su rhinoceroses masu gashi, manyan zakuna, beavers, buffaloes, miski, shanu, mammoths, da giwaye masu gashi, waɗanda suka bace… Shi ya sa a fili yake cewa yanayin Alaska ya kasance. zafi sosai kafin ya zama daskarewa.

Shaidar manyan kaburbura sune ragowar karkanda, rakuma, namun daji da sauran dabbobi marasa adadi da aka samu a Agate Spring, Nebraska. Bisa kididdigar da masana suka yi, akwai ragowar manyan dabbobi sama da 9,000 a yankin.

• A cikin 1845, an tono ragowar dabbobi a kusa da Odessa a Rasha, wanda ya hada da kasusuwa fiye da 100, da kasusuwan dawakai, bears, mammoths, rhinoceroses, bison, elk, wolves, hyenas, kwari daban-daban, rodents. otters, martens da foxes. Waɗannan an juye su gauraye da ragowar tsire-tsire, tsuntsaye har ma da kifi (!). Kasancewar kifaye a tsakanin dabbobin ƙasa kamar alama ce ta ambaliya. Ta yaya kifi zai kasance a cikin nau'i ɗaya da dabbobin ƙasa?

• An gano tuddai masu ɗauke da ƙasusuwan hippopotamus a Palermo, Italiya. Tun da akwai kasusuwa na matasa hippopotamuses a cikin abubuwan da aka gano, ba za su iya mutuwa ta hanyar halitta ba. Kasancewar wadannan matasan hippos a fili yana nuni da ambaliya.

• An gano kogo, alal misali, a Yorkshire a Ingila, China, da ke gabashin gabar tekun Amurka da kuma Alaska, inda aka samu kwarangwal na ciyawa iri-iri da masu cin dabbobi a cikin kogo guda. A birnin Yorkshire na kasar Ingila, an samu kasusuwan giwa, da karkanda, da hippopotamus, da doki, da barewa, da damisa, da bear, da kerkeci, da doki, da fox, da kurege, da zomo, da kuma tsuntsaye masu yawa. a daya daga cikin kogon stalactite. A matsayinka na mai mulki, waɗannan dabbobin da suke cin junansu ba za su zauna tare da juna ba.

• An gano wani katon kabari a kasar Faransa, inda aka gano gawarwakin dawakai sama da 10,000.

• An kuma gano manyan makabartu na dinosaur. An gano kasusuwan ɗaruruwa da yawa, har ma da dubbai, na ƙananan dinosaur a Belgium a cikin tudun yumbu mai zurfin mita 300. An gano kasusuwan wasu kadangaru 10,000 na agwagi a wani karamin yanki a birnin Montana na kasar Amurka, kuma an gano kaburburan kaburburan karkanda masu kai dari a Alberta na kasar Canada. Bugu da ƙari, an yi wasu ƙananan kaburbura masu alaƙa da dinosaur a sassa daban-daban na duniya. Mai yiyuwa ne wadannan dabbobin sun hada kai wajen halakar da ta afkawa duniya a lokaci guda.

   Wani misali kuma ya bayyana a cikin littafin The Age of Dinosaur na sanannen masanin kimiyyar juyin halitta Björn Kurten. Ya ambaci yadda aka gano burbushin dinosaur da dama a wurin ninkaya tare da karkatar da kawunansu a baya, kamar a cikin gwagwarmayar mutuwa.

Kasusuwan kututturen bishiya, da yawa daga cikinsu suna jujjuya su da juye-juye . A baya, an bayyana yadda aka gano burbushin kututturan bishiyu daga sassa daban-daban na duniya, wadanda ke cikin kasa kuma suna yaduwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Sau da yawa, waɗannan kututtuka da gungumen azaba ɗaya ne kawai da aka tara tare da sludge, ƙasusuwa da laka. Tushen su kuma na iya zama juye-juye, wanda shine shaida na wani mummunan lamari. Domin an haifi burbushin gangar jikin bishiyar kuma a adana su, dole ne a binne su da sauri a cikin kasan da ke kewaye da su - in ba haka ba da babu wani burbushin da ya rage daga cikinsu.

Asalin burbushin halittu . Kasusuwan da ke cikin ƙasa shaida ce mai ƙarfi na Tufana. Asalin burbushin da ke cikin ƙasa za a iya bayyana shi ne kawai ta yadda zaftarewar laka ta binne wasu matattun tsirrai da dabbobi da suka mutu da sauri. Idan ba a yi gaggawar faruwar haka ba, da ba za a iya samar da burbushin ba, domin in ba haka ba, da bakteriya da tarkace za su rube su cikin kankanin lokaci. Abin lura shi ne cewa a zamanin yau burbushin halittu ba su yi ba. Shahararren mai binciken Nordenskiöld ya lura cewa yana da sauƙin samun tsofaffin ragowar ƙagaggun lizards a Spitzbergen fiye da na hatimin da aka binne kwanan nan, duk da cewa akwai miliyoyin hatimai a yankin.

    Don haka, babban matsala ne a yi ƙoƙarin yin bayanin yadda za a iya binne manyan dabbobi irin su mammoths, dinosaurs, rhinoceroses, hippopotamuses, dawakai da sauran manyan dabbobi a ƙarƙashin laka da kuma faɗin duniya idan mutum bai yarda da Ambaliyar ba. Mammoths kadai an kiyasta kusan mutane miliyan 5 da aka binne a cikin ƙasa. A karkashin yanayin da ake ciki, irin waɗannan dabbobi ba za a binne su cikin ƙasa ba, amma za su ruɓe da sauri a ƙasa ko masu ɓarna za su cinye su nan da nan. Wannan bayanin (James D. Dana: "Manual of Geology", shafi na 141) yana nuna yadda saurin binnewa ya zama dole don burbushin halittu:

Dabbobi masu kaifi, irin su kifi, dabbobi masu rarrafe da sauransu, suna ruɓe lokacin da aka cire sassansu masu laushi. Dole ne a binne su da sauri bayan sun mutu don gujewa rube da kuma cinye su da sauran dabbobi.

AN BANA RAI . Kasusuwan burbushin halittu da dama sun ba da tabbataccen shaida na gaskiyar cewa an binne su cikin sauri.

    Baya ga saurin binnewa, akwai shaidu da dama da ke nuna cewa dabbobin suna nan da rai a lokacin da aka binne su. Ga wasu misalai:

Kasusuwan kifi. An gano kasusuwan kifin da dama da alamun an binne su da rai da sauri.

   Na farko, an gano burbushin kifin da suka ci abinci: sun sami wani ƙaramin kifi a bakinsu lokacin da aka binne su a ƙarƙashin ƙasa mai yawa. Wato, idan kifi yana cin abincinsa, ba yana fuskantar mutuwa ta al'ada ba, amma ya yi rayuwa ta al'ada har sai an binne shi da sauri.

    Na biyu kuma, an gano burbushin kifin da yawa wadanda ke da dukkan sikeli, baki a bude da kuma baje. A duk lokacin da aka sami irin wannan alamar a kan kifin, suna nuna cewa tabbas suna raye kuma suna yaƙi da makomarsu har sai da aka binne su ba zato ba tsammani. A cikin ambaliya, irin wannan saurin binnewa a ƙarƙashin laka zai zama hanya mafi kusantar kifin ya mutu. Misali, kimanin kashi 9/10 na kifin sulke da aka samu a cikin tsohon jajayen dutsen yashi suna cikin irin wannan matsayi - sun daga kahon su biyu a kusurwoyi da dama zuwa kwanon kashin kansu a matsayin alamar hadari - wanda ke nuna cewa sun dandana. saurin binnewa.

    Haka kuma, burbushin kifi ba za a iya samu ta wata hanya ba – sai dai yadda aka ambata a baya – domin a cikin yanayin al’ada kifi yakan rube da sauri ko kuma wasu dabbobi ne suke cinye su. Koyaya, a wuraren da ake binne kifi ana iya samun miliyoyin irin wannan burbushin kifin.

Bivalve mussels da kawa. An gano mussels bivalve da kawa a cikin rufaffiyar wuri, wanda ke nuna cewa an binne su da rai. Yawancin lokaci, idan waɗannan dabbobin suka mutu, tsokar da ke riƙe da bawowin su yana kwantar da hankali yana barin yashi da yumbu su shiga. Wadannan burbushin, duk da haka, yawanci ana samun su a rufe sosai kuma babu yashi ko yumbu tsakanin harsashi. Tun da an rufe waɗannan harsashi sosai, yana nuna cewa an binne waɗannan dabbobi tun suna raye.

Mammoths. Tare da wasu dabbobi da yawa, an yi babban binciken mammoth. An kiyasta cewa za a iya binne mammoths har miliyan 5 a cikin ƙasa. Gawarwakinsu, galibin tudu, an tono su da yawa, har ma an yi amfani da su a matsayin ɗanyen kayan da ake amfani da su wajen sana’ar hauren giwa, don haka ba za mu iya magana kan ko kaɗan da aka samu ba.

    Abin ban mamaki game da waɗannan binciken mammoth shine cewa an sami mammoths an adana su cikin yanayi mai kyau. Wasu daga cikinsu an same su a tsaye (!), wasu kuma har yanzu suna da abinci mara narke a baki da ciki. Bugu da kari, an gano wasu gaba daya ba su lalace ba.

    Lokacin da aka gano irin wannan a kan manyan wurare, yana nuna cewa ba a kashe su ba a cikin ambaliyar ruwan bazara, ta hanyar mutuwa a hankali daga yunwa, ko kowace mutuwa ta yau da kullun kamar yadda aka bayyana. Babu wani nau'i na nau'i-nau'i da zai iya bayyana mutuwar dubban daruruwan dabbobi a lokaci guda da kuma yadda aka binne su a cikin yadudduka da ƙasa. A cikin Tufana, hakan na iya faruwa.

HALITTUKAN MARINKA DA BANGARENSU ANA SAME SU A KAN DUTSUWA DA BASASHEN KASA .

- (Farawa 7:19) Ruwan kuwa ya yi galaba a kan duniya; Dukan tuddai masu tsayi da suke ƙarƙashin sararin sama an rufe su.

- (2Bit 3:6) Ta wurin da duniyar da take a lokacin, da take cike da ruwa, ta lalace.

Wataƙila mafi kyawun shaida na Ambaliyar duniya ita ce gaskiyar cewa za mu iya samun ragowar halittun ruwa a kan tsaunuka da busasshiyar ƙasa. (Ana iya samun irin wannan misalan a cikin shirye-shiryen yanayi a talabijin.) Waɗannan ragowar ba za su iya wanzuwa a wuraren da suke yanzu ba idan a wani lokaci tekun bai rufe waɗannan wuraren ba.

• Shekaru 500 kafin farkon kalandar zamani, Pythagoras ya sami ragowar halittun ruwa akan tsaunuka. (shafi na 11 Planeetta maa ("Planet Earth")).

• Bayan shekara ɗari, ɗan tarihi na ƙasar Girka, Herodotus ya rubuta cewa an tattara kwandon ruwa daga jeji a Masar. Ya kammala da cewa lallai tekun ya kai har hamada (shafi na 11 "Planetta maa"). An kuma gano ragowar manyan dabbobin ruwa a cikin manyan hamadar yashi na Afirka.

• Xenofanes ya sami burbushin ruwa a cikin ƙasa mai nisa da teku a kusan 500 BC Ya kuma gano burbushin kifin a cikin wani dutse a Syracuse a Sicily, da Malta da babban yankin Italiya. Ya kammala da cewa a baya teku ne ya rufe waɗannan wuraren (shafi na 17 Nils Edelman - Viisaita ja veijareita masanin ilimin geologian maailmassa).

• Charles Darwin kuma ya shiga cikin gawarwakin ruwa a lokacin da ya gano kwarangwal na whale a cikin tsaunukan Peru.

• Albaro Alonzo Barba, wanda shi ne darektan hakar ma'adinai a Petos, ya ambata a cikin littafinsa da aka rubuta a 1640, cewa ya sami bakon harsashi a cikin duwatsu tsakanin Potos da Oroneste a Bolivia, mai nisan mita 3,000 sama da matakin teku (shafi na 54 Nils Edelman: Viisaita ja) . masanin ilimin geologian mailmassa)

• PS Pallas na Jamus a cikin 1700s ya sami madaidaicin farar ƙasa da laka a cikin tsaunukan Ural da Altai - duka a Rasha - waɗanda ke riƙe ragowar dabbobin ruwa da shuke-shuke (shafi na 125 Nils Edelman: Viisaita ja veijareita masanin ilimin geologian maailmassa) .

• Yawancin halittun ruwa irin su mussels, ammonites, belemnites, (ammonites and belemnites sun rayu a lokaci guda da dinosaurs) , kifin kashi, lilies na teku, murjani da burbushin plankton da dangi na urchins na teku na yanzu da kifin starfishes an samu kilomita da yawa a saman teku. darajar a cikin Himalayas. Littafin Maapallo Ihmeiden Planeetta ( shafi na 55) ya bayyana wadannan ragowar ta hanya mai zuwa:

Harutaka Sakai na Jami'ar Japan da ke Kyushu ya shafe shekaru da yawa yana bincike kan wadannan burbushin ruwa a tsaunukan Himalayan. Shi da ƙungiyarsa sun jera dukan akwatin kifaye daga lokacin Mesozoic. Ana samun furannin furanni masu rauni, dangi ga urchins na teku na yanzu da kifin taurari, a cikin ganuwar dutse fiye da kilomita uku sama da matakin teku. Ammonawa, belemnites, murjani da plankton ana samun su azaman burbushin duwatsu a cikin duwatsun duwatsu (…)

   A tsayin kilomita biyu, masana kimiyyar kasa sun gano wata alama da tekun kanta ya bari. Dutsen dutsensa mai kaman igiyar ruwa ya yi daidai da siffofin da suka rage a cikin yashi daga raƙuman ruwa maras nauyi. Ko daga saman Everest, ana samun ɗigon dutse mai launin rawaya, waɗanda suka tashi a ƙarƙashin ruwa daga ragowar dabbobin ruwa marasa adadi.

• Baya ga tsaunin Himalayas, an yi bincike da yawa a tsaunukan Alps, Andes da Rocky. Waɗannan binciken sun haɗa da mussels, crustaceans, ammonites, da kuma ɗigon ramuka da ɗigon yumbu mai ɗauke da burbushin ruwa. Wasu daga cikin abubuwan da aka gano suna kan tsayin kilomita da yawa. Bayanin da ke gaba na Alps yana nuna wanzuwar burbushin ruwa:

Akwai dalilin da ya kamata a yi la'akari da ainihin yanayin duwatsu a cikin jeri na tsaunuka. An fi ganin shi a cikin Alps, a cikin Alps Alps na arewa, wanda ake kira yankin Helvetian. Limestone shine babban kayan dutse. Idan muka kalli dutsen nan a kan tudu masu gangare ko kuma a saman dutse - idan muna da kuzarin hawa can - za mu sami burbushin dabbobi, burbushin dabbobi, a cikinsa. Sau da yawa suna lalacewa sosai amma yana yiwuwa a sami guntuwar da za a iya ganewa. Duk waɗannan burbushin harsashi ne na lemun tsami ko kwarangwal na halittun teku. A cikin su akwai ammonawa masu zaren karkace, musamman ma da yawa harsashi biyu. (…) Mai karatu na iya yin mamaki a wannan lokacin me ake nufi da cewa tsaunin tsaunuka na dauke da laka mai yawa, wadanda kuma za a iya samun su matsuguni a kasan teku.(shafi na 236,237, Pentti Eskola, Muuttuva maa)

Dutsen farar ƙasa da ke rufe kusan kashi ɗaya bisa huɗu na ƙasar Sin ya haɗa da ragowar murjani da suka samo asali daga teku (shafi na 97,100-106 "Maapallo ihmeiden planeetta"). Akwai wurare makamantan haka kuma a cikin Yugoslavia da Alps.

• A cikin dutsen dutsen Snowdon a Ingila, akwai manyan tsakuwa da yashi masu cike da harsashi na ɓangarorin bakin teku kamar ƙafa 1,400 sama da matakin teku.

• An gano kadangaru na Kifi ko Ichthyosaurs, wadanda tsawonsu zai iya kai mita da yawa, a Ingila da Jamus an binne su cikin laka tare da kasusuwa da fatunsu. Ɗaya daga cikin kwarangwal, wanda aka adana a cikin tarin Cibiyar Nazarin Yanayin kasa ta Jami'ar Helsinki, an gano shi a cikin wani dutse mai yumbu a Holzmaden na Wurttenberg. Tsayinsa ya kai mita 2.5 kuma an kiyaye shi sosai. (shafi na 371 “Muuttuva maa”, Pentti Eskola)

• A tsakiyar Faransa (Saint-Laon, Vienne), an gano bawo na ammonawa a cikin dutsen farar ƙasa. (shafi na 365 “Muuttuva maa”, Pentti Eskola)

• Yankin farar ƙasa a cikin Solnhofen na Bavaria yana da burbushin halittun tsuntsu guda biyu (Archaeopteryx). Daga wannan yanki na dutsen farar ƙasa, an kuma sami wasu burbushin halittu masu kyau, kamar kwari, medusas, crayfishes, belemnites, da kifi. (shafi na 372, “Muuttuva maa”, Pentti Eskola)

• Akwai wasu yankuna a London, Paris, da Vienna waɗanda tsohon gadon teku ne. Misali, wasu wuraren dutsen farar ƙasa a birnin Paris sun ƙunshi galibin bawo na mollusk daga tekuna masu zafi. (shafi na 377 “Muuttuva maa”, Pentti Eskola)

• A cikin kusa da Berlin, silt yadudduka da yawa mita kauri sun hada da bawo na gastropod batattu ( Paludina diluviana ), da ragowar pikes. (shafi na 410 “muuttuva maa, Pentti Eskola)

• Yankuna irin su Siriya, Larabawa, Isra'ila na yanzu, da Masar sun kasance gadaje na teku. (shafi na 401, 402 “Muuttuva maa”, Pentti Eskola)

• An gano tsoffin burbushin kawa a Tunisia, kusa da garin Tozeur. (shafi na 90 Björn Kurten, Kuinka Mammutti pakastetaan )

• A cikin hamadar Faijum mai tazarar kilomita 60 kudu maso yammacin birnin Alkahira, an gano ragowar kifayen kifaye da zakin teku a kan gangaren wani babban tudu na Djebel Qatran. (shafi na 23 Björn Kurten, Jääkausi, [The Ice Age])

• Daga sassa daban-daban na duniya, an gano burbushin kifin da ke dauke da dubban daruruwan ko miliyoyin kifaye. Misali, a cikin burbushin burbushin Herring da ke California, an kiyasta cewa akwai kifaye biliyan daya a wani yanki mai fadin murabba'in kilomita goma. Yankunan daga Jamus zuwa Tekun Caspian, Italiya, Scotland, Denmark (a cikin dutsen alli na Steven's Klint ) da Kudancin Spain (tudun Caravaca) sun haɗa da miliyoyin burbushin kifi. Duk waɗannan wuraren busasshiyar ƙasa dole ne teku ta rufe ko kuma waɗannan binciken kifin ba zai yiwu ba.

• Shahararriyar laka mai laka a Burgess, da aka samu a tsaunin Rocky a shekara ta 1909, ta hada da dubun dubatan burbushin halittu daga tsohon gadon teku, a zamanin nan a tsayin sama da mita 2,000 sama da matakin teku.

Daga sassan arewa maso yamma na Ostiraliya (shafi na 96 Maapallo ihmeiden planeetta) da New Guinea, ana iya samun murjani da burbushin kifi.

• Daga yankin Arewacin Amurka, an gano ragowar kifayen kifaye a nesa mai nisa daga teku. An yi waɗannan binciken misali a tafkin Ontario, a Vermont, Quebec, da St. Lawrence. Don haka, dole ne a wani lokaci a baya wadannan wuraren da ruwa ya rufe su.

• Yawancin wurare masu tsayi a duniya - Himalayas da sauran tsaunuka masu tsayi - suna nuna alamun tsohuwar bakin teku da ayyukan igiyar ruwa. An kuma yi waɗannan binciken a New Guinea, Italiya, Sicily, Ingila, Ireland, Iceland, Spitzbergen, Novaja-Semlja, Ƙasar Franz Joseph, Greenland, a yankuna masu yawa a Arewacin Amurka da Kudancin Amurka, Aljeriya, Spain… a kan kuma a kan. (Bayanin ya fito ne daga Maanpinnan muodot ja niiden synty , shafi na 99,100 / na Iivari Leiviskä).      

   An kuma sami tsoffin tudun ruwa a cikin Finland da yankunan makwabta. Misali ɗaya shine Pyhätunturi, inda akwai duwatsu masu alamun taguwar ruwa. Hakanan ana iya samun alamun tsoffin tudu a kan gangaren tuddai da yawa. A kudancin kasar Finland, irin wadannan wurare sun hada da Korppoo, Jurmo, Kaunissaari a Pyhtää da Virttaankangas a Säkylä, da kuma gaba da arewa, misali Lauhanvuori, Rokua da Aavasaksa. (Daga littafin Jokamiehen geologia , shafi na 96 / na Kalle Taipale, Jouko.T. Parviainen)

• An gano Lava a kan tsaunukan Ararat a tsayin mita 4,500 sama da matakin teku, kuma zai iya zama samfur ne kawai na fashewar aman wuta a karkashin ruwa (Molen, M., Vårt ursprung?, 1991, shafi na 246).

Alama ɗaya ta Ambaliyar ita ce duwatsun ruwan teku. Sun fi kowa yawa fiye da sauran duwatsun da aka haɗa. James Hutton, wanda ake ɗauka a matsayin uban ilimin ƙasa, ya yi ishara da wannan lura tun fiye da ƙarni biyu da suka gabata:

Dole ne mu gama da cewa duk yadudduka na ƙasa (...) sun kasance ta hanyar yashi da tsakuwa waɗanda suka taru a kan tekun teku, harsashi crustacean da ƙwayar murjani, ƙasa da yumbu. (J. Hutton, Theory of the Earth l, 26. 1785)

JS Shelton: A nahiyoyi, duwatsun ruwa na ruwa sun fi kowa yawa kuma sun yadu fiye da sauran duwatsun da aka haɗa. Wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan sauƙaƙan gaskiyar da ke buƙatar bayani, kasancewa a zuciyar duk abin da ke da alaƙa da ci gaba da ƙoƙarin ɗan adam don fahimtar canjin yanayin ƙasa na zamanin da.

ILIMIN GARGAJIYA DA RUWA . Ba ma bukatar mu nemi bayani game da Tufana a yanayi kawai; muna samun shaidarsa a cikin al'adun al'ummomi daban-daban. An kiyasta cewa akwai kusan ɗari biyar na waɗannan labaran da al'adu ke bayarwa a duniya. Yawancin waɗannan labaran sun canza (a zahiri) tare da lokaci, amma duk sun kasance tare da ambaton ruwa a matsayin dalilin lalacewa. Yawancin waɗannan labarun kuma sun ambaci lokatai masu kyau na baya, Faɗuwar mutum da ruɗani na harsunan da suka faru a Babila (Babila) - duk abubuwan da Littafi Mai Tsarki ya ambata.

   Ana samun labarun a tsakanin al'ummomi daban-daban: Babila, ƴan ƙasar Ostiraliya, mutanen Miao na China, dwarfs na Efe na Afirka, Indiyawan Hopi na Amurka a cikin kabilar Padago ta Arewacin Amirka, da sauran al'ummomi masu yawa. Baƙi na labaran Ruwan Tsufana ya nuna tarihin wannan lamari: 

Kimanin al'adu 500 - ciki har da 'yan asalin Girka, Sin, Peru da Arewacin Amirka - an san su a duniya inda tatsuniyoyi da tatsuniyoyi ke bayyana wani labari mai ban sha'awa na babban ambaliya wanda ya canza tarihin kabilar. A cikin labarai da yawa, mutane kaɗan ne kawai suka tsira daga rigyawar, kamar yadda ya faru a cikin labarin Nuhu. Yawancin al’ummai sun ɗauki rigyawar a matsayin alloli ne suka jawo shi, saboda wani dalili ko wani dalili, sun gundura da irin ’yan Adam. Wataƙila mutanen sun lalace, kamar a zamanin Nuhu da kuma tatsuniyar ƙabilar Hopi na Amurka ta Arewacin Amirka, ko wataƙila akwai mutane da yawa da hayaniya, kamar a cikin almara na Gilgamesh. (2)

Lenormant ya ce a cikin littafinsa "Farkon Tarihi":

"Muna da damar da za mu iya tabbatar da cewa labarin Ruwan Tsufana al'ada ce ta duniya a cikin dukkanin rassan 'yan Adam, kuma irin wannan al'ada ce ta musamman kuma ba za a iya la'akari da tatsuniya ba. Dole ne ya zama abin tunawa na gaskiya kuma aukuwa mai ban tsoro, al’amari da ya sa iyayen farko na ’yan Adam suka burge da har zuriyarsu ba za su taɓa mantawa da shi ba. (3)

Jama'a na kabilu daban-daban suna da labarun gado daban-daban game da babban bala'in ambaliya. Girkawa sun ba da labari game da Tufana, kuma ya ta'allaka ne da wani hali mai suna Deukalion; tun kafin Columbus, 'yan asalin nahiyar Amirka suna da labarun da suka ci gaba da tunawa da babban ambaliyar ruwa. An ci gaba da yin tatsuniyoyi game da ambaliya daga tsara zuwa tsara har zuwa yau a Australia, Indiya, Polynesia, Tibet, Kašmir da Lithuania. Shin duk tatsuniyoyi ne kawai? Shin duka sun kasance? Ana kyautata zaton cewa dukkansu sun bayyana babban bala'i iri daya. (4)

Idan Ambaliyar da ke faɗin duniya ba ta kasance da gaske ba, da wasu al’ummai sun yi bayanin cewa aman wuta mai ban tsoro, manyan guguwar dusar ƙanƙara, fari (...) sun halaka mugayen kakanninsu. Don haka kasancewar labarin Tufana yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun shaida na gaskiyarsa. Za mu iya watsi da kowane ɗayan waɗannan tatsuniyoyi a matsayin tatsuniyoyi na ɗaiɗaikun mutum kuma muna tunanin hasashe ne kawai, amma tare, ta fuskar duniya, kusan ba za a iya jayayya ba. (Duniya)

Na gaba, ƙarin nassoshi kan jigo ɗaya. Masana tarihi na baya sun ambaci Tufana a matsayin wani lamari na tarihi na gaske. A yau sake rubuta tarihi a maimakon haka yana neman canza tarihin ɗan adam da ya gabata ta hanyar inkarin wannan babban bala'i na ambaliya tare da ƙara dubban ɗaruruwa da miliyoyin shekaru cikin tarihi waɗanda babu tabbataccen hujja.

• Ɗan tarihi Josephus da Babila Berosus sun ambata ragowar jirgin Nuhu

• Masanin tarihin Girka Herodotus ya yi nuni ga Scythians a kashi na biyar na Tarihinsa. Ya ambace su a matsayin zuriyar Yafet (ɗan Nuhu) (Farawa 10:1,2: Yanzu waɗannan su ne zuriyar zuriyar Nuhu, da Shem, da Ham, da Yafet: an haifa musu ’ya’ya bayan rigyawa, ’ya’yan Adam kuma su ne zuriyar Nuhu. Yafet, Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshek, Tiras.)

• A cikin labarin Gilgamesh, an umurci Utnapishim ya gina jirgi: “Ya mutumin Shuruppak, ɗan Ubar-Tutu. Ka ruguza gidanka ka gina jirgi, ka bar dukiya, ka nemi lahira, ka raina dukiya, ka ceci ranka. Ka ɗauki iri na dukan masu rai zuwa ga jirgin da ka gina. Ku auna girmansa da kyau."

• A cikin asusun ambaliya na Assuriya akwai kwatancin ginin jirgin:

Yi jirgi bisa ga wannan - -

- Zan hallaka mai zunubi da rai.

- - Bari iri na rayuwa ya shiga, duka.

zuwa tsakiyar jirgin, zuwa ga jirgin da kuke yi.

Tsawonsa kamu ɗari shida ne

Faɗinsa kuma kamu sittin.

- - Bari ya yi zurfi. -

Na karbi umarni na ce da Hea, Ubangijina:

Idan na gama

ginin jirgin da ka ce in yi,

haka babba da yaro suna min ba'a. (5)

• Aztecs sun yi nuni ga Ambaliyar:

Sa’ad da duniya ta wanzu na shekaru 1716, Rigyawar ta zo: “Dukan ’yan Adam suka ɓace, suka nutse,

sai suka lura sun koma kifi. Komai ya bace a rana daya”. Nata da matarsa ​​Nana ne kaɗai suka tsira, domin allahn Titlachauan ya gaya musu su gina jirgin ruwa daga itacen cypress. (6)

• An samo kwamfutar hannu na yumbu daga birnin Babila, Nippur, a lokacin 1890s, kuma kwamfutar hannu ya girmi Epic na Gilgamesh . Allunan yumbu ya kasance aƙalla a shekara ta 2100 BC, kamar yadda wurin da aka samo shi, ɗakin karatu na jama'a, ya rushe a lokacin.

Siffar ta yayi kama da wanda ke cikin Littafin Farawa. Ya ambaci zuwan Ambaliyar kuma ya ba da shawarar gina babban jirgin ruwa don kare waɗanda aka tsira. Masanin assyriologist Herman Hilprecht ne ya fassara rubutun a cikin kwamfutar hannu. Ba za a iya samun kalmomin da ke cikin ɓangarorin murabba'i a cikin rubutun ba, amma Hilprecht ya haɗa su bisa mahallin:

(2) … (Ididdigar sama da ƙasa na) kawar da su

(3) ... [Zan kawo ambaliya, da] za ta shafe dukan mutane nan da nan;

(4) … [amma ku nemi rai kafin rigyawa ta zo;

(5)…[Gama akan dukkan masu rai], gwargwadon yawansu, zan kawo rugujewa, da halaka, da hallakarwa.

(6) …Gina babban jirgi da

(7) ...Bari tsayin duka ya zama tsarinsa

(8)…bari ya zama kwale-kwalen gida don jigilar wadanda suka tsira.

(9) …da murfi mai ƙarfi (shi).

(10) ... (Zuwa ga jirgin ruwa) abin da kuke yi

(11) ... (Ku zo da namomin jeji a cikin ƙasa, da tsuntsãyen sama.

(12) ... (da abin da yake rarrafe a cikin ƙasa, nau'i-nau'i daga kowane) baicin jama'a.

(13)… da iyali… (7)

• Game da tarihin tarihin Masar, ƙila ya ƙare da ƙarni. Masarawa ba su da jerin sunayen masu mulki a zamanin farko, amma ƙarnuka daga baya (a. 270 BC) firist na Masar Manetho ya haɗa su. Daya daga cikin kura-kurai a cikin jerin sunayensa shi ne yadda Maneton ya yi tunanin wasu sarakuna sun yi mulki daya bayan daya, duk da cewa an samu sun yi mulki a lokaci guda.

    Duk da komai, Manetho ya tabbatar da tarihin Farawa. Ya rubuta cewa 'bayan Ruwan Tsufana' ga Ham, an haifi ɗan Nuhu, Masar, ko Misrayim, wanda shi ne farkon wanda ya zauna a yankin Masar na yau a lokacin da ƙabilu suka fara watse. (8)

ALAMOMIN WASIQA . Bisa ga Littafi Mai-Tsarki, lokacin da Nuhu ya shiga cikin jirgin akwai wasu mutane bakwai kawai tare da shi; Duka mutane takwas ne a cikin akwatin. (Far 7:7 da 1 Bitrus 3:20).

   Duk da haka, yana da ban sha'awa cewa lamba takwas da kuma bayyananniyar ambaton Ambaliyar ta bayyana ko da a cikin alamomin haruffa, musamman a cikin tsarin rubutun Sinawa. A tsarin rubuce-rubucen kasar Sin, alamar jirgin ruwa wani jirgin ruwa ne mai mutane takwas a ciki, adadin da yake cikin jirgin Nuhu! Alamar kalmar “tufana” ita ma tana da lamba takwas! Ba zai zama kwatsam ba ne kawai cewa lamba ɗaya, takwas, tana da alaƙa da alamomin jirgin da Rigyawar. Wannan alakar ta tabbata ne saboda kasancewar Sinawa ma suna da al'adar da aka kiyaye ta na ambaliyar ruwa a duniya kamar sauran al'ummomi. Sun kuma gaskata tun zamanin dā cewa Allah ɗaya ne, wanda yake cikin sama.

Misali na biyu. Alamar kasar Sin ta jirgin ruwa ce mai dauke da mutane takwas. Mutane takwas? Jirgin Nuhu yana da mutane takwas daidai a cikinsa.

   (…) Duk masu bincike ba su da ra'ayi ɗaya kan ainihin ma'anar kowace alama. A kowane hali, Sinawa da kansu (kamar Jafanawa da yawa, waɗanda - a zahiri suna magana - suna da tsarin rubutu iri ɗaya) suna sha'awar fassarar da masu mishan suka gabatar musu. Ko da yake ra'ayoyin ba daidai ba ne, yin magana a kansu kawai zai iya nuna gaskiya ta ruhaniya ga marasa bi.

   Ni da kaina na lura cewa yawancin masu wa'azi na Sinawa da Japan suna tunanin cewa waɗannan alamomi daban-daban sun zama kyakkyawar tafiya cikin tunanin mutanensu. (Don Richardson, Eternity in their Hearts)

Kalmar adalci . A cikin tsarin rubutun Sinanci, akwai kuma wata alama ta musamman: kalmar "adalci". Alamar adalci ta ƙunshi sassa biyu daban-daban: ɓangaren sama yana nufin ɗan rago kuma a ƙasan shi shine sunan mutum na I. Saboda haka, an yi tunanin cewa mutane ba za su iya zama masu adalci da kansu ba. Masu adalci ne kawai sa’ad da suke ƙarƙashin ɗan rago. Don haka, tsarin rubutun Sinawa yana koyar da saƙo iri ɗaya da Sabon Alkawari. Dole ne mu kasance ƙarƙashin Ɗan Rago da Allah (Yesu Almasihu ya ba mu), domin mu zama masu adalci. Ana maganar wannan a cikin ayoyin Littafi Mai Tsarki na gaba:

- (Yohanna 1:29) Kashegari Yahaya ya ga Yesu na nufo shi, sai ya ce, “ Kun ga, ga Ɗan Rago na Allah , wanda zai ɗauke zunubin duniya.

- (1 Korintiyawa 1:30) Amma daga gare shi kuke cikin Almasihu Yesu, wanda na Allah ya ba mu hikima, da adalci , da tsarkakewa, da fansa.

2. Haihuwar carbon da mai

CARON DA MAN . Yawancin lokaci ana koya mana cewa carbon da mai an samo su ta hanyar jinkirin tsari wanda ke buƙatar miliyoyin shekaru. Mutane suna magana game da shekarun carbon, lokacin da aka sami babban adadin carbon na musamman. Amma yaya lamarin yake? Shin wadannan abubuwa sun taso ne daruruwan miliyoyin shekaru da suka wuce kuma sun dauki miliyoyin shekaru suna samuwa? Idan muka dube ta bisa ga abubuwan da ke gaba, sun nuna cewa an halicce su da sauri kuma ‘a cikin kwanan nan’, ’yan shekaru dubu da suka shige kuma a bayyane yake a cikin mahallin rigyawa da aka ambata a cikin Littafi Mai Tsarki.

Shekarun ajiyar carbon da rijiyoyin mai. Batu na farko shine shaida na shekarun carbon da ajiyar mai baya nufin lokaci mai girma. Mun yi magana game da wannan a baya kuma abubuwa biyu na gaba sun tabbatar da haka:

• Matsalolin rijiyoyin mai ya yi yawa (wani abu ne da man zai iya zubo iska daga ramin da aka tono a kasa), ta yadda ba za su iya wuce shekaru 10,000 ba. (Babi na 12-13 na Prehistory da ƙirar duniya ta Melvin A. Cook, Max Parrish da kamfani, 1966). Da a ce wadannan rijiyoyin mai sun kasance miliyoyin shekaru, da an dade da watsewa.

• An samo sawun mutane a cikin nau'ikan carbon da aka kwatanta da "shekaru miliyan 250-300" a wurare da yawa (Mexico, Arizona, Illinois, New Mexico, da Kentucky, da sauransu). An gano abubuwan mallakar mutum da burbushin ɗan adam (!) a cikin waɗannan matakan. Wannan yana nufin cewa ko dai mutane sun kasance a duniya shekaru miliyan 300 da suka wuce, ko kuma cewa waɗannan nau'ikan carbon sun kasance 'yan shekaru dubu kaɗan kawai. (Glashouver, WJJ, Don haka entstand die Welt , Hänssler, 1980, ss. 115-6; Bowden, M., Ape-men - Gaskiya ko Falacy? Sovereign Publications, 1981; Barnes, FA, Case na Kasusuwa a Dutse, Hamada/Fabrairu, 1975, p. 36-39). Zai fi yiwuwa cewa madadin na ƙarshe gaskiya ne, saboda ko da masana kimiyya ba su yarda cewa mutane sun zauna a duniya shekaru miliyan 300 da suka wuce:

"Idan mutum (...) ta kowace hanya ya wanzu tun farkon lokacin Iron Carbon, dukkanin kimiyyar ilimin kasa gaba daya ba daidai ba ne don haka ya kamata duk masana ilimin geologist suyi murabus daga aikin su kuma su zama direbobin manyan motoci. Don haka, a kalla a halin yanzu. kimiyya ta ki yarda da zabin jarabar mutum ya bar wadancan sawun." ( The Carboniferous Mystery , Scientific Monthly, juzu'i na 162, Jan.1940, shafi na 14)

• Dalili na uku da bai kamata a yi la'akari da ma'adinan kwal da mai a matsayin miliyoyin shekaru ba shine radiocarbon da ke cikin su. Lokacin da rabin rayuwar aikin rediyon ya kasance kawai shekaru 5730, bai kamata a sami wani abu daga cikin sa a cikin adibas waɗanda ke miliyoyin ko ɗaruruwan miliyoyin shekaru ba. Duk da haka, a farkon 1969 littafin Radiocarbon ya ambaci yadda samfurorin radiocarbon suka ba da samfurori da aka ɗauka daga kwal, mai da iskar gas tsawon shekarun da ba su wuce shekaru 50,000 ba.

Gudun samuwar. Game da samuwar mai da carbon ba ya buƙatar ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo. Ɗaya daga cikin goyon baya ga wannan ka'idar an samo shi a cikin gaskiyar cewa a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu an yi man fetur daga gawayi da lignite a Jamus, kuma an yi nasara. Bai ɗauki eons ba, amma ya faru a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. Yin amfani da fasaha daban-daban kwanan nan, an samar da ganga na mai a cikin minti 20 daga ton daya na sharar gida (Tsarin na'ura, 14 May 1970 ).

   Hakanan an yi yuwuwa a canza itace da cellulose zuwa carbon ko carbon-kamar kayan a cikin 'yan sa'o'i kadan. Wannan yana nuna cewa lokacin da yanayi ya yi daidai, ana iya samar da mai da carbon da sauri. Ba ya buƙatar miliyoyin shekaru don kafa su. Ka'idojin juyin halitta kawai suna buƙatar miliyoyin shekaru. Misalin da ke gaba ya tabbatar da cewa ana iya samar da gawayin ma'adinai cikin kankanin lokaci, cikin makonni biyu kacal. Marubucin ya tabbatar da cewa irin waɗannan abubuwan sun faru da sauri, dangane da Tufana.

Masana kimiyya a cikin Argonne National Laboratory (a Amurka) sun tabbatar da cewa saman-aji baƙar fata carbon za a iya amfani da wannan hanya: dauki wani lignin (wani muhimmin sinadari a cikin itace) da kuma Mix shi da wani acidic yumbu da ruwa. Zafi cakuda a cikin kwandon quartz da ba shi da oxygen a 150 ºC ba tare da ƙara matsa lamba ba. Wannan ba babban zafin jiki ba ne daga ra'ayi na kasa - a zahiri, babu wani abu na musamman ko "marasa dabi'a" game da sinadaran, ko dai. Hakanan tsarin ba ya ɗaukar miliyoyin shekaru - yana ɗaukar makonni 4-36 kawai!

   (...) Shahararren masanin ilimin kasa dan kasar Australia Sir Edgeworth David ya bayyana a cikin rahotonsa na shekarar 1907 har yanzu a tsaye a tsaye ga kututturan bishiya da aka samu a tsakanin bakar carbon a Newcastle (Australia). An binne sassan kasan kututtukan cikin zurfi a cikin iskar carbon, sa'an nan kuma kututturan sun tafi daidai ta hanyar da ke sama, a ƙarshe suna ƙarewa a cikin carbon stratum a saman!

 Ka yi tunanin cewa mutane suna ƙoƙari su bayyana waɗannan abubuwa ta hanyar tafiyar matakai na sannu-sannu waɗanda suka faru a cikin fadama daban-daban tare da lokaci mai yawa a tsakanin su. Lokacin da son zuciya ya kasance "hankali da ci gaba a hankali", a bayyane yake cewa hakan ya hana bayyanannen bayani game da asalin gawayi, watau babban tashin hankali na yanayi da ruwa ya haifar da sauri ya binne tsire-tsire da suka yage.

    Motsin ruwa na iya haifar da ɗimbin sauye-sauyen yanayin ƙasa, musamman idan akwai ruwa mai yawa. Yawancin mutane suna tunanin cewa waɗannan canje-canjen dole ne su ɗauki miliyoyin shekaru. (…)

    Wasu masana ilimin geologists (ciki har da da yawa daga cikin waɗanda suka yi imani da tsarin "miliyoyin shekaru") yanzu sun ce Grand Canyon an kafa shi a hanya ɗaya, bala'i, kuma ba a yi shi ta hanyar jinkirin yashwar kogin Colorado ba a kan miliyoyin mutane. shekaru.

    Ambaliyar ta dau tsawon shekara guda, ta rufe tsaunuka, ta haifar da hargitsi a duniya kuma ta lalata ɓawon ƙasa lokacin da ruwa (da kuma babu makawa ma magma) ya bubbuga har na tsawon watanni (“maɓuɓɓugan zurfin zurfi sun balle”,Farawa 7:11). Irin wannan bala'i mai ban tsoro zai haifar da sauye-sauyen yanayi mai ban mamaki. (9)

Shaidar da ke goyan bayan samuwar ɗan gajeren lokaci. Abubuwan da ke gaba suna goyan bayan ra'ayi cewa an halicci carbon da mai da sauri a lokacin Ambaliyar, ba a hankali ba fiye da miliyoyin shekaru:

• Ana iya samun burbushin kututturen bishiya da ke ratsawa ta nau'i-nau'i daban-daban a tsakiyar sassan carbon. Wani tsohon hoton wata ma'adanin kwal a Faransa ya nuna yadda kututturan itatuwa biyar ke ratsa kusan nau'i goma. Wadannan burbushin halittu ba za su iya samuwa ko bayyana ba idan an samar da yadudduka na carbon a cikin tsawon miliyoyin shekaru.

• Wani bincike mai ban sha'awa shi ne cewa a yawancin adadin carbon na duniya, ana samun adadi mai yawa na ɓawon burodi na ruwa da burbushin dabbobin ruwa (" bayanin kula game da abin da ya faru na dabbar ruwa ya rage a cikin kwandon Lancashire", Mujallar Geological, 118: 307 , 1981 da Weir, J. "Nazarin kwanan nan na harsashi na matakan kwal", Ci gaban Kimiyya, 38: 445, 1950).   Har ila yau, an gano tsire-tsire da ba su girma a wuraren fadama a cikin waɗannan nau'ikan carbon. Wadannan binciken sun nuna a fili ga Ambaliyar, wanda da zai yi jigilar dabbobin ruwa da sauran nau'o'in rayuwa a cikin tsire-tsire da aka samu a busasshiyar ƙasa.

Farfesa Price ya gabatar da shari'o'i inda 50-100 kwal Layer suna saman juna kuma a tsakanin su akwai yadudduka ciki har da burbushin teku. Yana ganin wannan shedar tana da ƙarfi da gamsarwa ta yadda bai taɓa ƙoƙarin bayyana waɗannan hujjoji ba bisa dalilai na ka'idar daidaituwa ta Lyell. (Wiljam Aittala: Kaikkeuden sanoma , shafi na 198)

• Carbon da mai ba su samuwa ta dabi'a a zamanin yau. Shi ya sa ake kiransu albarkatun kasa da ba a sabunta su ba. Ba a samar da su ta dabi'a ko da a cikin ƙasashe masu zafi, kodayake yanayi a waɗannan ƙasashe yakamata ya dace. Akasin haka, tsire-tsire a wurin kawai suna ruɓe da sauri kuma ba a ƙirƙiri mai ko carbon ba.

   Iyakar yuwuwar samar da gawayi shine bala'in yanayi wanda ba zato ba tsammani ya rufe sharar shuka a ƙarƙashin yawan ƙasa, yana barin shi cikin matsanancin matsin lamba kuma a cikin yanayin da ba shi da iskar oxygen, inda iskar oxygen ba zai iya lalata shi ba. An yi la'akari da babban matsin lamba da yanayin da ba shi da iskar oxygen da mahimmanci don samar da kwal. Bugu da ƙari, ƙwayoyin cuta ba za su iya rushe sharar shuka ba a cikin yanayin da ba shi da iskar oxygen. Ambaliyar, wadda ta tara laka da ƙasa a saman juna, zai iya bayyana irin wannan taron. Maganar da ke tafe daga littafin "Muuttuva maa" (shafi na 114) na masanin ilimin kasa na Finnish Pentti Eskola, yana nufin abu ɗaya ne. Yana nuna cewa, dangane da kwal ɗin kwal, akwai duwatsun yumbu waɗanda aka ƙera daga ruwa. Maganar tana nuni a fili ga Tufana kamar yadda ya faru shekaru dubu biyu da suka gabata:

"A karkashin da kuma sama da kwal din akwai, kamar yadda aka fada, na yau da kullum na dutsen yumbu, kuma daga tsarin su muna iya ganin cewa an cire su daga ruwa."

3. Barnar Dinosaur

Jama'a gabaɗaya sun yi imanin cewa barnar dinosaur ta faru miliyoyin shekaru da suka gabata a lokacin ƙarshen lokacin Cretaceous, kuma yana lalata ammonawa, belemnites, da wasu nau'ikan tsire-tsire da dabbobi. An yi imanin cewa barnar ta tafi da yawancin dabbobin zamanin Cretaceous.

   Shin wannan imani gaskiya ne? Shin da gaske an halaka dinosaurs a lokacin da ake kira Cretaceous shekaru miliyoyin shekaru da suka wuce, ko kuma an halaka su a cikin Ruwan Tsufana? A cikin ta gaba, za mu bincika wannan al'amari yayin yin la'akari da mafi yawan ka'idodin da aka gabatar:

An lalata dinosaurs da annoba, kwayar cuta, ko masu fashin kwai ? Wasu mutane suna tunanin cewa annoba ko ƙwayar cuta ta lalata dinosaurs. Wasu kuma suna tunanin cewa wasu dabbobi sun fara cin ƙwai na dinosaur kwatsam.  

   Duk da haka, akwai babbar matsala tare da ra'ayoyin biyu: ba ya bayyana yadda sauran tsire-tsire da dabbobi - plesiosaurs, ichthyosaurs, pterosaurs, shuke-shuke, herbivores ammonites, da belemnites - zasu iya mutuwa a lokaci guda. (Ammonawa da belemnites dabbobi ne na ruwa waɗanda aka gano burbushin su a kan gangaren tsaunukan Alps da Himalayas, da dai sauransu.) Me ya sa waɗannan nau'ikan suka mutu a lokaci guda? Lallai ƙwayoyin cuta ba za su iya zama masu kisa ba; ta yaya ƙwayoyin cuta za su lalata nau'ikan nau'ikan halittu daban-daban, dabbobin ruwa da na ƙasa, har ma da tsirrai? Irin waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta ba a san su ba.

   Dangane da masu cin kwai, su ma ba za su iya yin bayanin yadda ake lalata nau’o’in nau’i daban-daban a lokaci guda ba, balle shuke-shuke. Ba za su iya haifar da hallaka-sikelin da kuma lalata nau'ikan halittu a lokaci guda ba. Dole ne a sami kyakkyawan bayani akan wannan.

Shin meteorite ne ya haddasa barnar? Wasu mutane suna tunanin cewa meteorite ya tayar da gajimare mai girma, kuma wannan girgijen kura ya toshe Rana tsawon lokaci har duk tsiro ya mutu kuma masu tsiro suka mutu da yunwa.

   Akwai, duk da haka, matsala ɗaya tare da wannan ka'idar jinkirin sauyin yanayi. Wannan ka'idar, ko kuma ra'ayoyin da aka ambata a sama, ba za su iya bayyana yadda za a iya samun burbushin dinosaur a cikin duwatsu da tsaunuka a wurare masu yawa na duniya ba. Ana iya samun su a ko'ina cikin duniya a cikin dutse mai wuya, wanda yake da ban mamaki. Yana da ban mamaki saboda kowace babbar dabba - watakila tsawon mita 20 - ba zai iya shiga cikin wani dutse mai wuyar gaske ba. Lokaci bai taimaka ba, ko. Ko da mun jira miliyoyin shekaru kafin a binne wadannan dabbobi a kasa su canza zuwa burbushin halittu, sai su rube kafin lokacin ko wasu dabbobi su cinye su. A zahiri, duk lokacin da muka ga burbushin dinosaur ko wasu burbushin halittu, tabbas an binne su da sauri a ƙarƙashin laka da laka. Ba za a iya haife su ta wata hanya ba:

A fili yake cewa idan aka samu samuwar ajiya a hankali, ba za a samar da wani burbushin halittu ba, domin ba za a binne su a cikin matsuguni ba, amma kafin shi sai su rube a karkashin tasirin acid na ruwa, ko Za a hallaka su, a farfashe su gunduwa-gunduwa, ana shafa su, a buge su a gindin teku. Ana iya rufe su ne kawai a cikin ruwa a cikin haɗari, inda aka binne su ba zato ba tsammani. ( Geochronology ko Age of the Earth on grounds of Sediments and Life , Bulletin of the National Research Council No. 80, Washington DC, 1931, p. 14)

Ƙarshen ita ce, waɗannan dinosaur, waɗanda ake samu a duniya, dole ne a binne su da sauri a ƙarƙashin laka da slime. Laka mai laushi ya fara zuwa kewaye da su, sannan ya taurare kamar yadda aka yi da siminti. Ta haka ne kawai za a iya bayyana asalin burbushin halittu na dinosaurs, mammoths da sauran dabbobi. A cikin Tufana, irin wannan zai iya faruwa. Muna kallon bayanin, wanda ke ba da madaidaicin ra'ayi game da batun. Ya nuna yadda aka gano dinosaur a cikin duwatsu masu kauri, wanda ke nuna cewa lallai an rufe su da laka mai laushi. Laka ta yi tauri a kusa da su. A cikin Ruwan Tsufana kawai, amma ba a cikin yanayin yanayin al'ada ba, zamu iya tsammanin wani abu makamancin haka zai faru (akwai magana a cikin rubuce-rubucen yadda za a iya yin tururuwar ruwa ta tara ƙasusuwan dinosaur).

Ya je jejin Dakota ta Kudu, inda akwai katangar dutse masu launin ja, rawaya da lemu masu haske da duwatsu. A cikin ƴan kwanaki sai ya tarar da wasu ƙasusuwa a bangon dutsen , waɗanda ya yi kiyasin irin wanda ya sa a samo. Lokacin da ya haƙa dutsen kewaye da ƙasusuwan , ya gano cewa ƙasusuwan suna cikin tsari na tsarin dabba. Ba su kasance cikin tudu ba kamar ƙasusuwan dinosaur sau da yawa. Yawancin irin wannan tulin kamar guguwar ruwa ce ta yi.

   Yanzu waɗannan ƙasusuwan suna cikin dutsen yashi shuɗi, wanda yake da wuyar gaske . Dole ne a cire dutsen yashi tare da grader kuma a cire shi ta hanyar fashewa. Brown da 'yan wasansa sun yi rami kusan mita bakwai da rabi don fitar da ƙasusuwan. Cire kwarangwal babba ɗaya ya ɗauke su damina biyu. Ba su cire ƙasusuwan dutsen ba. Sun yi jigilar duwatsun ta dogo zuwa gidan kayan tarihi, inda masanan suka iya tsinke kayan dutsen tare da kafa kwarangwal. Wannan azzalumi kadangaru yanzu yana tsaye a dakin baje kolin kayan tarihi. (shafi na 72, Dinosaurs / Ruth Wheeler da Harold G. Coffin)

REFERENCES:

1. J.S. Shelton: Geology illustrated

2. Kalle Taipale: Levoton maapallo, p. 78

3. Toivo Seljavaara: Oliko vedenpaisumus ja Nooan arkki mahdollinen?, p. 5

4. Werner Keller: Raamattu on oikeassa, p. 29

5. Arno C. Gaebelein: Kristillisyys vaiko uskonto?, p. 48

6. Francis Hitching: Arvoitukselliset tapahtumat (The World Atlas of Mysteries), p. 165

7. siteeraus: Luominen 17, p. 39

8. J. Ashton: Evolution Impossible, Master Books, Green Forest AZ, 2012, p. 115, lainaa viitettä 1, p. 7

9. Carl Wieland: Kiviä ja luita (Stones and Bones), p. 12-14