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Euthanasiya nibimenyetso byibihe
Wige icyo euthanasiya isobanura, icyo ibintu byakoreshejwe mu kubisobanura, n'aho kubyemera biganisha
Iyi ngingo ivuga kuri euthanasiya, cyangwa urupfu rwimbabazi, mubyukuri bivuze kubyara urupfu kumurwayi ubuzima bwe cyangwa abandi batabona ko bukwiye kubaho. Ni ingingo rimwe na rimwe igaruka iyo abantu bamwe basabye ko byemewe. Impamvu irashobora kuba iyo guhagarika imibabaro, impamvu zamafaranga, cyangwa kubungabunga icyubahiro mu rupfu. Amagambo y'ingenzi muri kano karere arimo:
Ubushake bwa euthanasiya bisobanura kwica umuntu abisabye. Biragereranywa no gufashwa kwiyahura.
Euthanasiya idashaka kubushake bisobanura kwica umuntu wizera ko ari byiza ko bapfa. Abandi bantu bahitamo kuko uwahohotewe adashobora kuvuga icyo atekereza.
Ubushake bwa euthanasiya nubwicanyi bwumuntu utabishaka.
Euthanasiya ikora bisobanura kwica umuntu binyuze mubikorwa, nko gutanga uburozi bwica.
Passive euthanasiya bisobanura kwihutisha urupfu kureka kwivuza cyangwa kubuza kubona intungamubiri n'amazi. Imyitwarire ntabwo iri kure ya euthanasiya ikora, kuko byombi bigamije kurangirira mu rupfu.
Ariko nigute ushobora kwegera iyi ngingo ikomeye, yibanda kubibazo byimbitse byubuzima: ubusobanuro bwubuzima bwabantu, imibabaro nabaturanyi? Ibi ni ibibazo byasuzumwe hepfo. Ikigamijwe ni ukubanza kuganira ku mpaka zisanzwe, zikoreshwa mu kurengera euthanasiya.
Ubuzima bufite intego ni iki ? Kimwe mu byashingiweho kuri euthanasiya ni uko niba umuntu afite ubumuga cyangwa uburwayi bukomeye, bimubuza kubaho mu cyubahiro kandi gifite intego. Bikekwa ko imibereho ye idashobora kumera kuburyo yakunyurwa kandi akishima. Ariko, ikibazo cyingenzi ninde usobanura imibereho yumuntu? Kurugero, abantu benshi bafite ubumuga kuva bakivuka (urugero: syndrome ya Down) barashobora kwishima no kunyurwa mubuzima bwabo. Bashobora kuzana umunezero aho batuye, nubwo ubuzima bwabo bushobora kuba buke kurenza abandi. Nibeshya kuvuga ko batayobora ubuzima bufite intego. Niba dupima agaciro kacu mubikorwa gusa, noneho twibagirwa ikiremwamuntu. Tuvuge iki ku miti igabanya ububabare nubufasha bwubuvuzi kugirango ubuzima bwiza? Biratangaje ko impaka za euthanasiya zaje gusa mugihe cya none, mugihe ibintu byo kugabanya ububabare ari byiza kuruta mbere hose. Noneho biroroshye kugabanya ububabare bwumubiri ukoresheje imiti. Benshi bakomerekeye mu mpanuka cyangwa bagize ububabare barashobora kubakoresha kugirango babeho neza. Kenshi na kenshi, ikibazo ntabwo ari ububabare, ahubwo ni depression, itera umuntu gushaka gupfa. Ariko, birashoboka gukira indwara yo kwiheba, kandi ububabare burashobora kandi gukurwaho mugihe gikabije binyuze muri anesthesia. Umuntu wese arashobora guhura nibihe byo kwiheba nububabare bwumubiri mubuzima bwe. Bamwe barashobora kandi kuvuga ko bishimiye guhabwa umwanya munini wo kubaho hifashishijwe imashini zihumeka hamwe nigituba (inyongera ya buri kwezi ya Helsingin Sanomat, 1992/7 - ingingo “Eläköön elämä” [Ubuzima bwa Hurray]) - abayishyigikiye benshi ya euthanasiya tekereza gutesha agaciro kandi bidakwiye agaciro ka muntu. Kubwibyo, ni bibi kuvugira abantu bose, ko indwara cyangwa ubumuga zimwe na zimwe ari inzitizi ku mibereho yabo. Abantu bamwe barashobora nyuma gukira neza cyangwa kubyuka muri koma ndende nyuma y'amezi. Imanza nkizo zirazwi.
Igitangaje ni uko societe ishyira abantu kumubiri kandi bafite ubwenge hejuru kurwego rwubuzima, nubwo rimwe na rimwe baba batishimye cyane. Ku rundi ruhande, sosiyete ibona ko abakene ubuzima bwabo ari hasi, nubwo rimwe na rimwe bashobora kunyurwa cyane. (1)
Kunegura kwingenzi kuvurwa birashobora gufatwa nkaho bikunze kuvuga ku myitwarire yumuntu mwiza kandi ufite ubuzima bwiza bwo kuvura indwara ikomeye. Birazwi neza ko ibitekerezo byabantu bihinduka kuri iki kibazo. Umuntu muzima ntabwo ahitamo kimwe numurwayi. Mugihe icyizere cyo kubaho kigabanuka, akenshi ubuzima bwumva ko bufite agaciro. Umuganga urwaye kanseri yashimangiye mugenzi we kwiha inshinge zica kuko indwara yarushijeho kwiyongera. Hanyuma, kanseri imaze kwiyongera, umurwayi yagize ubwoba kandi ntiyizerana ku buryo yanze no gutera inshinge. Nyamara, abarwayi benshi bamugaye cyane bahitamo ubuzima kuruta urupfu. Nyuma yimpanuka, umwe gusa muri tetraplegics (quadriplegics) wakijijwe numuyaga wifuzaga kwemererwa gupfa. Abarwayi babiri ntibari bazi neza, ariko 18 bifuzaga kongera gufashwa guhumeka igihe bibaye ngombwa. (2) (3)
Abamugaye nabatamugaye muri societe yacu ntibakeneye kongera gushimangira ishusho yubumuntu yaturemye kubacuruzi babeshya nabamamaza amarushanwa, siporo, ubuzima, ubwiza, ubuzima bworoshye - nurupfu rworoshye .. .. Bahora kandi bagerageza kutubwira ko umunezero nububabare bidashobora guhura numuntu umwe no mubuzima bumwe cyangwa urupfu icyarimwe. Twatubwiye ko umuntu wamugaye ari umuntu wamugaye gusa kandi atari icyarimwe nanone afite ubuzima bwiza numuntu nibindi byinshi. Intwaro ikomeye cyane mugukomeza ibitekerezo byabari kubutegetsi nabwo ni igitekerezo kivuga ko gutabarwa no kwishingikiriza ari ibintu bibi gusa. Muri ubwo buryo, intwaro iteje akaga nayo ivuga ku buzima buboneye - abari ku butegetsi bavuga ko hari ikintu nkicyo hanyuma bagasobanura icyo aricyo. Uyu munsi, Uhagarariye kandi uhuriza hamwe inzira nyamukuru yibitekerezo bisanzwe ni Jorma Palo iyo yanditse kubyerekeye agasuzuguro nkaho bigoye cyane kubabazwa nubumuga. Agasuzuguro kaza kubantu benshi kubwimpamvu zitandukanye mugihe runaka mubuzima bwabo. Turabizi ko agasuzuguro gashobora kugeragezwa guhunga no guhakana cyangwa kwihorera, ariko bake muritwe tuzi ko ishobora guhura imbona nkubone kandi idahunze. Ntabwo dufite ishusho ishobora kuboneka mubitekerezo mugihe bibaye ngombwa, uburyo bwo gukura hagati yo gutukwa no kubona ikintu gishya kandi cyingenzi. Birumvikana ko ari ibintu bitandukanye rwose ko bidakwiye gusuzugura undi muntu. Njye mbona, ibikorwa bya Palo ubwabyo bimaze kuba hafi cyane yo gusuzugura ababana nubumuga bukomeye. Ariko, ubuzima ubwabwo buteye isoni, butandukanye numuntu ukora nabi. N'umuntu ufite ubumuga urimo kwitabwaho yumva ibintu bitandukanye cyane bitewe nuburyo undi muntu ubitayeho abifitanye isano. (4)
Urundi rugero rwerekana uburyo abantu bashobora gutekereza ibinyuranye mugihe bafite ubuzima bwiza kuruta mubihe batakaje ubushobozi bwo gukora. Benshi muri quadriplegics bifuzaga kubaho. Akenshi ntabwo indwara zigira ingaruka kubushake bwo kubaho, ahubwo ni depression. Ndetse n'abantu bafite ubuzima bwiza barashobora kurwara depression.
Mu bushakashatsi bumwe, urubyiruko rufite ubuzima bwiza rwabajijwe niba rwifuza kuzurwa n’ubuvuzi bukomeye niba bashaka guhagarikwa burundu mu mpanuka. Hafi ya bose basubije ko bahitamo gupfa. Igihe babajijwe abasore 60 barwaye quadriplegia, bari bafite ubumuga butunguranye, umwe gusa muri bo yavuze ko atagomba kuzurwa. Babiri ntibashoboye gusubiza, ariko abandi bose bifuzaga kubaho. Babonye ubuzima bufite intego nubwo bafite ubumuga. (5)
Ubukungu. Euthanasiya nayo yari ifite ishingiro nimpamvu zubukungu. Nizindi ngingo zingenzi zikoreshwa mugushigikira euthanasiya. Igitekerezo kimwe nacyo cyakoreshejwe nabanazi muri poropagande yabo. Ariko, hariho impamvu yo gushidikanya kubara kubijyanye no kwivuza nibindi biciro. Kuzigama ibiciro ntabwo byemewe kuri byose:
Nkibisanzwe, abacungamari baradukurikirana, bitwaje amenyo basaba byimazeyo kugabanya ibiciro. Birumvikana ko bari kugerwaho mugihe buriwese yari afite ubushake bwo kwita, niba kwita kubitaro byateguwe neza, kandi niba "bitari ngombwa" (tuzagaruka gusuzuma ibisobanuro by'iryo jambo vuba) ubuvuzi bwahagaritswe. Muri Gashyantare 1994, Emanweli na Emanweli bo mu Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubuvuzi rya Harvard basohoye mu buryo bunonosoye ingingo zanditswe kuri iyi ngingo ku isi hose maze barangiza bati: “Nta muntu uzigama amafaranga ku iherezo ry'ubuzima - bwaba bujyanye n'ubushake bwo kwivuza, kwita ku bitaro cyangwa guhagarika. kwitabwaho bitari ngombwa - ni ngombwa. Ibintu byose byerekana icyerekezo kimwe: kuzigama mubikorwa byo kuvura bijyanye n'iherezo ry'ubuzima ntabwo ari ngombwa. Amafaranga wenda yakizwa mukugabanya ubukana, uburyo bukomeza ubuzima ku barwayi bapfa ni 3.3% by'amafaranga yose yo kwivuza. ” Byinshi byo kuzigama mu gupfa; duhereye kumyitwarire idahwitse yimyitwarire kubibazo bitoroshye, bioethical biboneka mubiganiro byubuzima. Nibura muri kano gace kamwe, ubu turimo gukandagira ibirenge byacu. (6)
Kubara kubuvuzi nibindi biciro birashobora gushidikanywaho. Nubwo, nukuri ko hariho ikiguzi cyo kwivuza muburyo bwimishahara, nibindi, amafaranga amwe azasubira muri societe. Abakozi b'ibitaro bishyura imisoro, bagura ibiryo n'ibicuruzwa (byose birimo umusoro ku nyongeragaciro) nk'abandi bantu. Ubundi buryo nukubirukana no kwishyura amafaranga yubushomeri, ariko ibyo birumvikana? Byatuma gusa ubushomeri bwiyongera kandi byazana ubukungu guhagarara. Muri rusange byaba igisubizo kirenze. Akazi gashobora kwiyongera mugukoresha abakozi benshi murwego rwubuzima, aho abakozi benshi basanzwe bakora cyane. Niba abandi basoreshwa bose basoreshwa muri Finlande, urugero, (abakozi miliyoni 2, impuzandengo yinjiza 35 000 euro) byazamurwa 0,5% kandi bizakoreshwa mugukoresha abakozi benshi, byongera akazi hamwe na ca. Abantu 7000 (ntamafaranga yimyenda agomba gukoreshwa mugutanga akazi). Aya mafranga noneho yagaruka mukuzenguruka hamwe na societe muburyo bwimisoro nubundi kwishyura. Mu mujyi nka Helsinki (abaturage 500 000) bivuze ca. Abakozi bashya 700, kandi ahantu nka Lahti (abaturage 100 000) abakozi 140 bashya. Niba umusoro uhembwa wazamutseho 0,25%, bivuze kimwe cya kabiri cyiyi mibare. Aba bakozi benshi binjira murwego rwubuzima byatuma gukora birushaho kuba byiza kandi bigatanga amahirwe yo kurushaho kwita kubumuntu kubasaza nabarwayi. Byagaragaye ko abantu benshi bafite ubushake bwo gutanga imisoro myinshi kugirango bashyigikire serivisi nziza.
Amateka n'ubuvuzi. Ubushishozi ku mateka y’ubuvuzi mu bihugu by’iburengerazuba bugaragaza ko bwatewe cyane n’indahiro ya Hippokrat, imigenzo yubatswe hafi yayo, ndetse n’imitekerereze y’imyitwarire ikomoka ku myumvire ya gikristo y’ikiremwamuntu. Izi ngingo zagize uruhare muburyo butuma abantu baha agaciro ubuzima bwabantu kuva mbere, ni ukuvuga kuva basama. Amahame yingenzi yarimo kurokora ubuzima bwabantu no kugabanya ububabare muburyo bwiza bushoboka. Ubu buryo bugaragara mu gitabo cy’ishyirahamwe ry’ubuvuzi rya Finilande ryitwa Läkarin etiikka [Imyitwarire ya Muganga], gishimangira ko umurwayi atagomba na rimwe gusigara atavuwe:
Inzira zimara ubuzima zirashobora kuvaho mugihe urupfu ruteganijwe rwose kandi umurwayi ntashobora gukira. Ibi byiswe ubufasha bwurupfu rwurupfu, ariko nikibazo cyimirimo isanzwe ya muganga, aho hagomba gufatwa ibyemezo buri gihe kugirango uhitemo uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura umurwayi. Ku rundi ruhande, euthanasiya ikora, ni ukuvuga kwihutisha urupfu, ishobora gukora ikurikije icyifuzo cy’umurwayi igihe ashaka kwicwa. Imyifatire rusange yabaganga kubijyanye no gupfa bafashwa muri Finlande iteye ishozi. Imyitwarire gakondo ya muganga ntabwo yemera gukoresha ubuhanga bwubuvuzi kugirango yice umuntu nkana. Igitabo cy'amategeko ahana giteganya igihano gikomeye cyo kwica umuntu, kabone niyo cyaba kibisabwe n'umuntu. Abantu benshi batekereza ko igitekerezo cyose cya euthanasiya gikwiye gutereranwa, kuko gitanga gusa ko umuganga atera urupfu rwumurwayi aho kuba indwara. Hariho indwara zidashobora gukira, ariko umurwayi ntajya asigara atavuwe. (7)
Ubu bimeze bite? Inzego nyinshi za filozofiya zirashaka gusenya imigenzo myiza kandi itekanye yiganje mubuvuzi mumyaka mirongo. Intambwe yambere igana kuri iki cyerekezo kwari ugusaba kwemererwa gukuramo inda. Ntabwo byasabwe n'inzobere mu buvuzi, ahubwo byasabwaga n'abayoboke b'umuco wo kwikunda wenyine. Batekereje ko ari byiza kwica umwana niba yarabaye muburyo bwa gahunda zababyeyi. Muri iyi minsi, gukuramo inda hafi ya byose bikorwa kubera impamvu z’imibereho, atari ukubera ko ubuzima bw’umubyeyi bwaba buri mu kaga. Urugero mu Buhinde no mu Bushinwa abana b'abakobwa bicwa bakuramo inda, mu bihugu by'iburengerazuba ibitsina byombi biricwa.. Icyerekezo gishya ni ubuhe? Birashoboka ko kwemera ubwicanyi bwakorewe umwana munda ya nyina bizavamo kimwe kwemerwa hanze yinda. Byumvikane neza ko niba kwica umwana munda bifite ishingiro, kuki hakwiye kubaho itandukaniro kubikora hanze yinda. Mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe hamaze kuganirwaho ku kurangiza ubuzima bw’abana bavutse bafite ubumuga bukomeye, abarwayi ba koma, n’abafite ubumuga bukomeye. Impaka nkizo zakoreshejwe mukurinda gukuramo inda zirimo gukoreshwa no gushyigikira euthanasiya. Mugihe ikiganiro kigenda gitera imbere, birashoboka ko imipaka igenda iba ndende ukurikije ubuzima bugira intego. Inzitizi za Filozofiya zifata iterambere no kuganira muburyo icyerekezo cyuzuye cyubuzima bwabantu gitakaza akamaro kacyo kurushaho.. bashaka kwicwa batabishaka niba bari mu bitaro.) Albert Schweitzer yagize ati:
Iyo umuntu atakaje icyubahiro muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose, aba atakaje ubuzima muri rusange. (9)
Iterambere rigezweho ntabwo ari shyashya cyangwa ibitekerezo bigezweho. Turamutse dusubiye mu Budage mu myaka ya za 1920 na 1930, umwuka nk'uwo wiganje hariya na mbere yuko Abanazi bagera ku butegetsi. Hitler ntabwo yaremye ubu buryo bwo gutekereza, ariko byaturutse kumeza yabafilozofe. Ikintu cyingenzi cyabaye cyane cyane igitabo cyanditswe n’umuganga w’indwara zo mu mutwe Alfred Hoche n’umucamanza Karl Bilding mu ntangiriro ya za 1920, kivuga ku bantu badafite agaciro n’ubuzima budakwiye kubaho. Iyo poropagande y'Abanazi yahaye inzira abantu kwakira igitekerezo cy'ubuzima buri hasi. Byose byatangiye guhera mu ntangiriro. Inzira nka tewolojiya yubuntu nubwihindurize nayo yagize uruhare rukomeye inyuma. Bafite inkunga nyinshi mu Budage mu ntangiriro ya 1900.
Byagaragaye ku bantu bakora ubushakashatsi ku byaha by’intambara ko ubwo bwicanyi bukabije bwatangiriye ku mpinduka nke mu myumvire. Mu ntangiriro, uburyo bw'abaganga bwagize impinduka nke. Igitekerezo cyubuzima kidakwiye kubaho cyemewe. Mu ntangiriro ibi bireba abantu barwaye indwara zidakira. Buhorobuhoro, umubare w'abantu bafatwaga nk'abicanyi, wagutse kugera ku bantu badaharanira inyungu, abafite ingengabitekerezo itandukanye, ivangura rishingiye ku moko kandi amaherezo ku badage bose. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko iyi gari ya moshi yibitekerezo yatangiranye no guhindura imyumvire mike kubarwayi badafite ibyiringiro, batekerezaga ko batagisubizwa mubuzima. Ihinduka rito mumitekerereze ya muganga rero birakwiye ko dusuzuma. (10) Iterambere rikorwa rite? Iyo habaye impinduka muri societe mubijyanye na morale - kwemera gukuramo inda, imibonano mpuzabitsina ku buntu, nibindi - impinduka zagiye zikurikiza inzira imwe. Uburyo bumwe bwagiye busubirwamo inshuro nyinshi kandi bituma habaho impinduka mubitekerezo byabantu. Muri iki cyitegererezo, intambwe zingenzi ni ibintu bikurikira:
1 . Abantu bake basakuza batangaza imyitwarire mishya, banga imyitwarire ifatwa nkukuri mumyaka mirongo. Ibi byabaye mu mpera za 1960, ubwo hatangwaga igitekerezo cyo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina ku buntu no gukuramo inda. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, kuryamana kw'abahuje igitsina, byahoze bifatwa nko kugoreka kandi byumvikane ko biterwa n'ibihe, bireba neza muri iki gihe. Euthanasiya nikintu kimwe gisa muriki kiganiro:
Nari kure y'amavuko imyaka itatu, imyaka 1965 kugeza 1968. Igihe nasubiraga mu gatasi ka 1968, natangajwe cyane nimpinduka zabaye mukirere cyibiganiro mbwirwaruhame. Ibi byarebaga amajwi y'ibiganiro ndetse no gutegura ibibazo. (...) Mu isi yabanyeshuri, abasabye gutsindishirizwa imibonano mpuzabitsina ni bo bavuza trombone cyane. Bashimangiye nk'urugero, abahungu n'abakobwa bagomba kwemererwa kubana muri dortoir za kaminuza nubwo batashyingiranywe. Byasaga nkaho Urugaga rwingimbi rwigaruriwe nabayobozi bashya batangaje ko ari abasosiyalisiti na demokarasi y’ishuri gusa, ahubwo ko ari igitekerezo cy’imibonano mpuzabitsina ku buntu. Muri rusange, icyari gishya ni uko hashyizweho amatsinda yerekanwe avuga ku mugaragaro ibibazo by’uburinganire kuruta uko byari bisanzwe bimenyerewe mu ruhame, bashinja sosiyete n’Itorero gukurikiza amahame abiri. (11)
2. Itangazamakuru riha umwanya abahagarariye imyitwarire mishya, babifata nkintwari runaka:
Abashakanye babana mu buryo butemewe n'amategeko babajijwe mu ruhame nk'intwari zimwe na zimwe z’imyitwarire mishya yatinyutse guhagurukira kurwanya imyitwarire y’umuryango wa burugumesitiri wangiritse. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, abaryamana bahuje igitsina babajijwe kandi bahamagariwe gukuramo inda ku buntu (12)
3. Amajwi ya Gallup yemeza impinduka mu cyerekezo. Mugihe abantu benshi bahindukirira gushyigikira imyitozo mishya, bigira ingaruka kubandi basoma aya matora.
4. Icyiciro cya kane ni igihe abadepite bemeje imikorere mishya, bakayireba neza, nubwo ikintu kimwe cyafatwaga nabi mumyaka yose. William Booth, washinze ingabo z’agakiza, yahanuye ko ibi bizaba mbere gato yuko Yesu agaruka. Abadepite bazavuka batubaha Imana namategeko yayo na gato. Biragoye guhakana ko iterambere ryagiye muri iki cyerekezo.
1. azategeka Uburayi, igisekuru kitazongera gutinya na gato Imana;
Ubwicanyi. Iyo kurengera euthanasiya, amagambo meza nkurukundo, urupfu rwiyubashye, afasha urupfu, urupfu rworoshye, urupfu rwiza cyangwa kwigobotora mubuzima budakwiye kubaho burashobora gukoreshwa. Amagambo amwe akoreshwa nk'Abanazi bakoreshwa muri poropagande yabo muri 1930. Ariko, imanza zabanjirije iyi zerekeye kwica umuntu. Byongeye kandi, iyo uvuze urupfu rwiza cyangwa rwiyubashye, mubyukuri bivuze ubuzima. Ubuzima mubihe byanyuma burashobora kuba bwiza cyangwa bubi, ariko urupfu ubwabwo nirwo rugabano rwa buri wese kandi bibaho mukanya. Gukoresha ururimi rero ni ngombwa, kandi nibyo nibyo amagambo akurikira yerekeza. Imvugo izenguruka ituma twumva impuhwe byoroshye kuruta amagambo ataziguye.
Mu 2004, Ishyirahamwe ry’Abongereza Euthanasiya ryahinduye izina ryitwa Icyubahiro mu Gupfa. Mu gihe cyo kwandika, urubuga rwabo rwirinze bitonze amagambo nk'aya "euthanasiya", "kwiyahura" cyangwa "kwica imbabazi". Ahubwo, imvugo zidasobanutse nk "" urupfu rwiyubashye rufite imibabaro mike ishoboka "," ubushobozi bwo guhitamo no kugenzura uko dupfa "," twafashije urupfu "n" "icyemezo cyo guhagarika imibabaro yabaye idashobora kwihanganira" cyakoreshejwe aho. Ntabwo abantu bose bemeza ubu buryo. Umwe mu batanze ibitekerezo bya Daily Telegraph yagize ati: "Hari icyo ivuga mu gihe umuryango ugomba kwiyitirira ijambo rizenguruka. Umuryango wa Euthanasiya ubu urateganya kwiyita Icyubahiro mu Gupfa. Ninde muri twe utifuza gupfa mu cyubahiro? Ntabwo bigoye kubikora bizere ko abamamaza euthanasiya (rwose!) batinya kuvuga mu buryo butaziguye icyo batwaye, ni ukuvuga kwica abantu. ”(13) Umuforomokazi umwe w’ibitaro yasubije ku bisobanuro by’ubwiyahuzi bwafashijwe n’ijambo "bafashijwe n’urupfu": "Ababyaza bafasha mu kubyara, kandi abaforomo bita palliative care bafasha mu buvuzi budasanzwe. Gufasha ntabwo ari kimwe no kwica. Ijambo 'gufasha urupfu' ribabaza abo muri twe dutanga ubuzima bwiza bwa nyuma. Ni uburiganya aho ubwicanyi bugira isuku kugira ngo burusheho kwemerwa na rubanda rusanzwe. Bivuga ko umuntu ashobora gupfa afite icyubahiro aramutse yiciwe. " (14) (15)
Mubyukuri, muri euthanasiya nikibazo cyubwicanyi cyangwa kwiyahura. Ntabwo hitabwa ku kuba turi ibiremwa by'iteka, ko tuzacirwa urubanza ku bikorwa byacu, kandi ko abicanyi bazacirwaho iteka hanze y'ubwami bw'Imana. Bamwe barashobora gutongana kubishoboka, ariko nigute bashobora kwerekana ko imirongo ikurikira kuriyi ngingo atari ukuri? Bagomba gufatanwa uburemere kandi ntibasuzugurwe:
- (Mariko 7: 21-23) Kuberako imbere, bivuye mumutima wabantu, komeza ibitekerezo bibi, ubusambanyi, ubusambanyi, ubwicanyi, 22 Ubujura, kurarikira, ububi, uburiganya, irari, ijisho ribi, gutukana, ubwibone, ubupfu: 23 Ibyo bintu bibi byose biva imbere, kandi bihumanya umuntu.
- (1 Tim. kubicanyi,
- (1Yohana 3:15) Umuntu wese wanga umuvandimwe we ni umwicanyi: kandi uzi ko nta mwicanyi ufite ubugingo buhoraho muri we.
- (Ibyah. urupfu rwa kabiri.
- (Ibyah 22:15) Erega hanze ni imbwa, abarozi, abasambanyi, n'abicanyi, n'abasenga ibigirwamana, kandi ukunda kandi akabeshya.
Ni ryari tutavura ? Ku bijyanye no kwita ku bapfa n'ibihe byanyuma, bifite ishingiro guteza imbere ubuvuzi. Ibi biratangwa muri rusange. Hagomba gufatwa ingamba kugirango umurwayi wese abashe kwitabwaho neza kandi kugiti cye ahantu hizewe, kandi aho ububabare bwabo bugabanuka. Birashoboka kubigeraho hifashishijwe ubuvuzi bugezweho kandi niba hari abakozi b’ubuforomo bahagije kandi bafite moteri nziza. Ibi byabaye akamenyero nintego mumyaka mirongo, urugero nko mubuforomo bwa finine, ndetse no mubindi bihugu byinshi. Tuvuge iki ku bihe bigaragara ko umuntu yamaze gupfa kandi nta byiringiro byo gukira kwe? . _ ntabwo ari ingirakamaro cyangwa irashobora no kwangiza. Ntabwo ari euthanasiya, ahubwo ni uguhagarika imiti idafite akamaro. Nibyiza gutandukanya ibi bintu byombi. Ariko, no muri ibi bihe, harashobora kwitabwaho kugirango ibimenyetso byoroshe.
Ariko, harigihe harigihe mubuzima bwa buri murwayi mugihe gukoresha imiti ivura byatera ingaruka mbi kuruta ibyiza kumurwayi. Muri iki gihe, gushoboza urupfu rwiza kandi rutababara hifashishijwe ubuvuzi bwakira ni igisubizo cyiza cyo kuvura. Kuvura bidakenewe no kumara igihe kirekire urupfu, ni ikosa rikomeye ry'ubuvuzi. Niba ubuvuzi budakenewe bwatanzwe, ntabwo arikibazo cya muganga ukora imirimo yImana. Guhagarika kwivuza mubihe nkibi ntabwo bitangaje nko kwirinda gutangira kwivuza bitari ngombwa. Mubisanzwe, ibi byemezo bigomba kuganirwaho mumatsinda yubuvuzi, kandi impamvu zo guhagarika kwivuza no gukomeza kuzura zigomba gusobanurwa kubabigizemo uruhare bose. (16)
Joni Eareckson Tada asobanura byinshi (17):
Urupfu rwa data rwigishije umuryango wanjye gushaka ubwenge. Twifuzaga gufasha data kubaho kugeza imperuka no kumureka agapfa, igihe nikigera. Gutanga ibiryo kubashonje namazi kubafite inyota nibyo shingiro ryikiremwamuntu. Nubwo byagaragaye ko papa yari hafi y'urupfu, twashakaga kumwumva neza. Ubwenge bw'Imana burimo impuhwe n'imbabazi. Kwita ku baturanyi ni rimwe mu mategeko yuzuye muri Bibiliya. Abaganga ariko babwiye umuryango wanjye ko rimwe na rimwe kugaburira no guha amazi umurwayi, byaba bikozwe mu kanwa cyangwa binyuze mu miyoboro, ntacyo bimaze kandi, hejuru yibyo, bibabaza umurwayi. Rita Marker wo muri komite mpuzamahanga ishinzwe kurwanya euthanasiya agira ati:
Iyo umurwayi yegereje cyane urupfu, barashobora kumera kuburyo amazi yongera ibibazo byabo, kuko umubiri wabo ntushobora kugikoresha. Ibiryo nabyo ntibigogora, mugihe umubiri wumuntu utangiye "gufunga" mugihe inzira yo gupfa yatangiye. Haca akanya, iyo bishobora kuvugwa ko umuntu apfa rwose. (18)
Umuryango mwiza. Iyo ugamije umuryango mwiza, agaciro gakomeye gashyirwa mubibazo byubukungu. Bashimangiwe cyane kandi agaciro kabo ntigashobora gusuzugurwa. Niba ubukungu bwifashe nabi, burashobora guhungabanya gahunda ya societe yose. Ibyo byabaye inshuro nyinshi mumateka. Ariko, ikintu cyingenzi mugushikira societe nziza ni imyifatire yimbere yabantu: baritaho cyangwa umutima wabo wuzuye kwikunda, inzangano no kubura urukundo? N'ubundi kandi, ibibazo bikomeye muri sosiyete ntabwo ari amafaranga, ariko bituruka ku myifatire mibi ku baturanyi bacu: abakene, abarwayi, abasaza, abanyamahanga, abamugaye, n'ibindi. Urwego rwa societe rushobora gupimwa mu buryo rufata. aya matsinda n'andi matsinda. Muri societe nziza, abantu bose bafatwa kandi bagahabwa agaciro bitewe namateka yabo, ariko kugenda ukundi bituma abantu bumva batamerewe neza. Sosiyete irashobora kugenda inzira zombi, bitewe nuburyo ibitekerezo byuzuza ibitekerezo byabantu. Reka turebe imirongo mike kuriyi ngingo. Bareba ubutabera n'imyitwarire iboneye ku muturanyi. Niba iyi nama ikurikijwe cyane, bizamura imibereho rusange yabaturage. Gukurikiza andi mategeko biganisha mu cyerekezo kimwe (Mariko 10: 19,20: Uzi amategeko, Ntugasambane , Ntukice, Ntukibe, Ntutange ubuhamya bw'ibinyoma, Uburiganya, Wubahe so na nyoko. Aramusubiza aramubwira ati: Databuja, ibyo byose nabibonye kuva nkiri muto.):
Imyifatire ku baturanyi
- (Mat 22: 35-40) Hanyuma umwe muribo, wari umunyamategeko, amubaza ikibazo, aramugerageza, ati: 36 Databuja, ni irihe tegeko rikomeye mu mategeko? 37 Yesu aramubwira ati: " Uzakunde Uwiteka Imana yawe n'umutima wawe wose, n'ubugingo bwawe bwose n'ubwenge bwawe bwose. 38 Iri ni ryo tegeko rya mbere kandi rikomeye. 39 Kandi icya kabiri kimeze nkacyo, Uzakunde mugenzi wawe nkuko wikunda. 40 Kuri aya mategeko yombi amanika amategeko yose n'abahanuzi.
- (Gal 6: 2) Mwihanganire imitwaro, bityo musohoze amategeko ya Kristo.
Abakene
- (Mariko 14: 6,7) Yesu ati: " Reka ; Kuki bikubabaje? Yankoreye umurimo mwiza. 7 Kuberako ufite abakene buri gihe, kandi igihe cyose ubishakiye uzabakorera ibyiza, ariko njye ntabwo wigeze ubaho.
- (1Yohana 3:17) Ariko umuntu wese ufite ibyiza by'isi, akabona umuvandimwe we akeneye, akamufunga amara y'impuhwe, ni gute urukundo rw'Imana ruba muri we?
- (Yakobo 2: 1-4,8,9) Bavandimwe, ntimwizere Umwami wacu Yesu Kristo, Umwami wicyubahiro, kubaha abantu. 2 Kuko nimugera mu iteraniro ryanyu umuntu ufite impeta ya zahabu, yambaye imyenda myiza, haza n'umukene wambaye imyenda mibi; 3 Kandi wubaha uwambaye imyenda y'abahuje ibitsina, ukamubwira uti: Wicare hano ahantu heza; ubwire abakene, Hagarara aho, cyangwa wicare hano munsi y'ibirenge byanjye: 4 Ntimukabogama muri mwebwe, kandi mubaye abacamanza b'ibitekerezo bibi? 8 Niba wujuje amategeko ya cyami ukurikije ibyanditswe byera, Uzakunda mugenzi wawe nk'uko wikunda, ukora neza: 9 Ariko niba wubaha abantu, ukora icyaha, kandi ukemera ko amategeko ari abarenga.
Ubutabera
- ( Guteg 16:19) Ntuzarwanya urubanza; Ntukubahe abantu, cyangwa ngo ufate impano, kuko impano ihuma amaso abanyabwenge, kandi igoreka amagambo y'intungane.
- (Imig 17:15) Utsindishiriza ababi, kandi ucira urubanza abakiranutsi, ndetse bombi ni ikizira kuri Uwiteka.
- (Yesaya 61: 8) Kuberako Jyewe Uwiteka nkunda urubanza, nanga ubujura kubitambo byoswa; Nzayobora imirimo yabo mu kuri, kandi nzagirana isezerano ridashira nabo.
Abanyamahanga
- (Lewi 19: 33,34) Kandi niba umunyamahanga abanye nawe mugihugu cyawe, ntuzamubabaza. 34 Ariko umunyamahanga ubana nawe azakubera nk'umuntu wavutse muri mwe, kandi uzamukunda nk'uko wikunda; kuko mwari abanyamahanga mu gihugu cya Egiputa: Ndi Uwiteka Imana yawe.
- ( Yer 7: 4-7) Ntukizere mu magambo y'ibinyoma, uvuga ngo: Ingoro y'Uwiteka, Ingoro y'Uwiteka, Ingoro y'Uwiteka, ni yo. 5 Kuberako niba uhinduye neza inzira zawe nibikorwa byawe; niba urangije neza urubanza hagati yumugabo na mugenzi we; 6 Niba udakandamiza umunyamahanga, impfubyi, n'umupfakazi, kandi ntimusuke amaraso y'inzirakarengane aha hantu, kandi ntimukurikire izindi mana ngo mubabaze: 7 Noneho nzagutera gutura aha hantu, mu gihugu nahaye ba sogokuruza iteka ryose.
Umusaza
- (Lewi 19:32) Uzahaguruka imbere yumutwe wuzuye, wubahe isura yumusaza, utinye Imana yawe: Ndi Uwiteka.
REFERENCES:
1. Joni Eareckson Tada: Oikeus elää, oikeus kuolla (When is it Right to Die?), p. 65 2. Gardner B P et al., Ventilation or dignified death for patients with high tetraplegia. BMJ, 1985, 291: 1620-22 3. Pekka Reinikainen, Päivi Räsänen, Reino Pöyhiä: Eutanasia – vastaus kärsimyksen ongelmaan? p. 91 4. Pekka Reinikainen, Päivi Räsänen, Reino Pöyhiä: Eutanasia – vastaus kärsimyksen ongelmaan? p. 126,127 5. Päivi Räsänen: Kutsuttu elämään, p. 106 6. Bernard Nathanson: Antakaa minun elää (The Hand of God), p. 130 7. Lääkärin etiikka, 1992, p. 41-42 8. Richard Miniter, ”The Dutch Way of Death”, Opinion Journal (huhtikuu 28, 2001) 9. Marja Rantanen, Olavi Ronkainen: Äänetön huuto, p. 7 10. Pekka Reinikainen, Päivi Räsänen, Reino Pöyhiä: Eutanasia – vastaus kärsimyksen ongelmaan? p. 38,39 11. Matti Joensuu: Avoliitto, avioliitto ja perhe, p. 12-14 12. Matti Joensuu: Avoliitto, avioliitto ja perhe, p. 12-14 13. http://telegraph.co.uk/comment/telegraph-view/3622559/Euthanasias-euphemism.html 14. Quote from article: Finlay, I.G. et.al., Palliative Medicine, 19:444-453 15. John Wyatt: Elämän & kuoleman kysymyksiä (Matters of Life and Death), p. 204,205 16. Pekka Reinikainen, Päivi Räsänen, Reino Pöyhiä: Eutanasia – vastaus kärsimyksen ongelmaan? p. 92 17. Joni Eareckson Tada: Oikeus elää, oikeus kuolla (When is it Right to Die?), p. 151,152 18. Rita L. Marker: New Covenant, January 1991
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Jesus is the way, the truth and the life
Grap to eternal life!
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Other Google Translate machine translations:
Amamiliyoni yimyaka / dinosaurs /
ubwihindurize bwabantu? |
