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Uhlelo lwe-TV "I-Dinosaur Apocalypse"
Funda ukuthi uhlelo lwe-TV lwezwe lubhekisela kanjani ku-tsunami enkulu eyenzeka lapho kubhujiswa izibankwakazi, okusobala ukuthi uZamcolo okukhulunywa ngawo eBhayibhelini.
Ngibone uhlelo olunezingxenye ezimbili ku-TV olubizwa nge- Dinosaur Apocalypse (Dinosaur Apocalypset., BBC/PBS/France Télévisions, Iso-Britannia, 2022.). Kwaveza inkolelo evamile yokuthi ama-dinosaurs afa eshabalala cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-65 edlule ekupheleni kwesikhathi esibizwa ngokuthi i-Cretaceous period. Isizathu salokhu siphakanyiswe ukuthi i-asteroid eyashaya umhlaba futhi yabangela ukubhujiswa kwama-dinosaur. Yini oyikhumbule ngalolu hlelo? Ngiyavuma ukuthi ama-dinosaurs, njengezinye izimpilo, abhekane nokubhujiswa, kodwa ukuphola kanye nesizathu sokubhujiswa kungavunyelwana nakho. Okokuqala, ukuba khona kwama-dinosaurs emhlabeni. Ingabe baphila ngempela eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-65 edlule? Ngeke ngiphinde ngikhulume ngalesi sihloko lapha njengoba ngike ngasifaka kweminye imibhalo yami. Ngizosho kuphela ukuthi amathambo ama-dinosaur awanawo amamaki noma amathegi ayephila ngaleso sikhathi. Esikhundleni salokho, izicubu ezithambile, i-radiocarbon, i-DNA, namangqamuzana egazi atholakala ezinsalela zamathambo asikisela ngokuqinile ukuthi sekuyiminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa kusukela zaba khona eMhlabeni. Lezi zinto ezitholakala emivubukulweni ziwubufakazi bokushabalala kwazo kwamuva, hhayi ukushabalala okwenzeka ezigidini zeminyaka edlule. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abacwaningi bangenza kahle ngokucabangela iqiniso lokuthi izindaba eziningi zendabuko ziye zabhekisela kaningi kumadragoni, afana kakhulu nama-dinosaurs.Abanye bangase bathi babemane beyizidalwa zasenganekwaneni, kodwa empeleni imifanekiso kadrako yayivamile phakathi kwabantu abaningi, njengoba lesisho esilandelayo sibonisa. Lona ngokuqinisekile umbuzo wezilwane ezashabalala, ubukhona bazo obungafakazelwa abantu bokuqala ezinkulungwaneni ezimbalwa zeminyaka edlule. Igama elithi dinosaur alizange liqanjwe kuze kube yi-1800s nguRichard Owen.
Amadragoni ezinganekwaneni, ngokumangazayo, afana nezilwane zangempela ezaziphila esikhathini esidlule. Zifana nezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezinkulu (izibankwakazi) ezabusa izwe kudala ngaphambi kokuba umuntu avele. Amadragoni ngokuvamile ayebhekwa njengamabi futhi abhubhisayo. Isizwe ngasinye sasibhekisela kubo ezinganekwaneni zabo. ( The World Book Encyclopedia, Umq. 5, 1973, ikhasi 265)
Kuthiwani ngembangela yokushabalala kwama-dinosaur? Imbangela yokucekelwa phansi kwayo yethulwe ohlelweni njengesibhakabhaka esahlasela umhlaba eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-65 edlule. Kodwa-ke, ohlelweni kuvunyelwe ukuthi "akekho othole izinsalela ze-dinosaur ezifakazela ukuthi bafa ngenxa yokushayisana". Ngamanye amazwi, i-asteroid ewela emhlabeni ayichazi kahle ngokushabalala kwama-dinosaur. Kunalokho, lolu hlelo luqhamuke nencazelo enengqondo kakhulu yokubhujiswa kwama-dinosaurs: amanzi. Kwatshelwa futhi kwakhuliswa izikhathi eziningi ohlelweni ukuthi i-tsunami enkulu yayiyobangela ukubhujiswa kwama-dinosaurs endaweni yaseHell Creek. Nazi ezinye izingcaphuno ezivela ohlelweni:
Nansi indawo enamanzi ahlanzekile yokwakheka kwe-Hell Creek. I-shard, ekhazimulayo emithunzini ye-neon ebomvu neluhlaza, ivela egobolondweni lesilwane sasolwandle esimise okwe-spiral, i-ammonite. Le nto yasolwandle ingene endaweni enamanzi ahlanzekile lapho ingeyona eyakhona. Ukuthi ama-ammonite agcina kanjani lapha kuyimfihlakalo.
Ngakho-ke ungqimba lwamadwala lunezimbotshana futhi luwugqinsi olungangemitha. Lokho kanye nezinye izici ezingavamile zikhomba isenzakalo esingavamile ngokombono kaRobert. Mhlawumbe isikhukhula noma udaka lwenzeka lapha, olwagqiba yonke into ngaphansi kwawo ngokuphazima kweso.
Lapho isilwane singcwatshwa ngokushesha, noma uma ukungcwatshwa kuyimbangela yokufa kwaso, kuba nezimo ezingcono kakhulu zokwakheka kwamathambo. … Amaphesenti angama-99.9 ezilwane awadli izinsalela zamathambo
Indlela yokukhiqiza ama-pterosaur yaphumelela ngokusobala. Kusikisela ukuthi ukuphila bekujwayelekile kuze kube yilapho umthelela we-asteroid ushintsha yonke into ngendlela esabekayo.
Ingabe lezi zilwane zahamba olwandle? Babezophuza kuthango oluthambile. Inani lezinsalela ezatholwa uRobert lisikisela ukuthi ngisho nasekupheleni kwenkathi yaseCretaceous, uTanis wayegcwele ukuphila.
Iqembu likaRobert lilandela uchungechunge olukhangayo lwabaphambili. Umkhondo wokuqala izinsalela zezinhlanzi ezashabalala ngobuningi.
Nali izinkuni. Kuye, izidumbu zezinhlanzi ziye zakhama zaqina.
Nazi ezinye izinsalela lapha nalaphaya. Nansi enye futhi eduze kwayo enye intunja ebheke ngale ndlela. Ngezansi kwe-sturgeon yechibi kunenye i-sturgeon. Umzimba wayo ungena ngaphansi kwesiqu somuthi futhi uvele ngakolunye uhlangothi. Ngakho-ke ungqimba lwamadwala lunezimbotshana futhi luwugqinsi olungangemitha. Lokho kanye nezinye izici ezingavamile zikhomba isenzakalo esingavamile ngokombono kaRobert. Mhlawumbe isikhukhula noma udaka lwenzeka lapha, olwagqiba yonke into ngaphansi kwawo ngokuphazima kweso.
Ngokombono kaRobert, izinhlanzi ezazibanjwe ngemuva kweziqu zezihlahla futhi zizungezwe yizimbulunga zafa ngemva kokubanjwa ohlotsheni oluthile lwesikhukhula futhi zagqitshwa ngokushesha odongeni. Yingakho zigcinwe kahle kangaka. Yini eyabangela igagasi lolwandle? Ngokombono othile, i-asteroid eshaya ulwandle yabangela i-tsunami. Manje sikhuluma ngohlobo oluhluke ngokuphelele lwe-tsunami. Yayiphakeme kakhulu futhi inkulu kunama-tsunami anamuhla. ... Ukuphakama kwayo bekuyikhilomitha okungenani.
Kungenzeka yini ukuthi i-tsunami ibangele ukuhlukaniswa okubonwe e-Tanis?
Ngicabanga ukuthi abacwaningi ezinhlelweni babesendleleni efanele. Amanzi ayehileleke ngempela ekubhujisweni kwezibankwakazi. Lokhu kwakungekona nje kuphela endaweni yaseHell Creek, eyayihlanganiswa ohlelweni, kodwa nakwezinye izindawo. I-Hell Creek ingenye yezindawo lapho ama-dinosaurs atholakala khona, njengoba izinsalela zalezi zilwane zitholakale emhlabeni wonke. Eqinisweni, izinsalela zalezi zilwane, njengezinsalela zezinye izilwane, bezingeke zibe khona ukube ama- mudslides awazange aqale agqibe ngokushesha lezi zilwane odakeni. Leyo ukuphela kwendlela yokuchaza umsuka wazo zonke izinsalela, ukwakheka kwazo okungabonwa nakancane namuhla. Kulolu hlelo kuphinde kwavunywa ukuthi ukudalwa kwezinsalela kuyisenzakalo esiyivelakancane: ”Lapho isilwane singcwatshwa ngokushesha, noma uma ukungcwatshwa kuyimbangela yokufa kwaso, kuba nezimo ezingcono kakhulu zokwakheka kwamathambo. … Amaphesenti angama-99.9 ezilwane awadli izinsalela zamathambo.” Okwesibili, lolu hlelo lwathi izilwane zasolwandle ezifana nama-ammonite nezinhlanzi zitholakala endaweni eyodwa njengezihlahla nama-dinosaurs. Kungenzeka kanjani lokhu? Zingenzeka kanjani izilwane zasolwandle, izilwane zasemhlabeni nezihlahla ndawonye endaweni eyodwa? Okuwukuphela kwencazelo ukuthi i-tsunami enkulu iye yabangela lesi simo, njengoba kwethulwe ohlelweni. Lolu hlelo luze lwasho mayelana nobukhulu be-tsunami ukuthi "Ukuphakama kwayo bekuyikhilomitha okungenani." Ngifuna ukuthini ngedlule? Uma sikhuluma nge-tsunami enkulu, kungani singenakukhuluma ngokuqondile ngoZamcolo okukhulunywa ngawo eBhayibhelini njengembangela yembubhiso? Kuyisizathu okungenzeka kakhulu sokubhujiswa kokubili kwama-dinosaurs nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane. Leli phuzu kufanele licatshangelwe, njengoba amakhulu ambalwa ama-akhawunti ezikhukhula atholakele, njengoba izingcaphuno ezilandelayo zibonisa:
Cishe amasiko angama-500 - okuhlanganisa abantu bomdabu baseGreece, eChina, ePeru naseNyakatho Melika - aziwa emhlabeni lapho izinganekwane nezinsumansumane zichaza indaba ebambekayo kazamcolo omkhulu owashintsha umlando wesizwe. Ezindabeni eziningi, bambalwa abantu abasinda kuzamcolo, njengasendabeni kaNowa. Izizwe eziningi zazibheka uzamcolo njengobangelwa onkulunkulu abathi, ngasizathu simbe, baba nesithukuthezi ngohlobo lwesintu. Mhlawumbe abantu babekhohlakele, njengasezikhathini zikaNowa nasenganekwaneni yesizwe samaHopi oMdabu waseMelika eNyakatho Melika, noma mhlawumbe kwakunabantu abaningi kakhulu nabanomsindo omkhulu, njengasencwadini yomlando kaGilgamesh. (Kalle Taipale: Levoton maapallo, p. 78)
U-Lenormant uthi encwadini yakhe ethi "Beginning of History": "Sinethuba lokufakazela ukuthi indaba kaZamcolo iyisiko lendawo yonke kuwo wonke amagatsha omndeni wesintu, futhi isiko elinjalo nelifanayo elinjengaleli alinakubhekwa njengenganekwane ecatshangelwayo. Kumelwe kube inkumbulo yeqiniso nelilodwa eliyiqiniso nelifanayo. isenzakalo esesabekayo, isenzakalo esaba nomphumela onamandla ezingqondweni zabazali bokuqala bomkhaya wesintu kangangokuthi ngisho nenzalo yabo yayingasoze yasikhohlwa.” ( Toivo Seljavaara: Oliko vedenpaisumus ja Nooan arkki mahdollinen?, p. 5)
Abantu bezinhlanga ezahlukene banezindaba zamagugu ezihlukene mayelana nenhlekelele enkulukazi yezikhukhula. AmaGreki aye axoxa indaba ngoZamcolo, futhi igxile kumlingiswa okuthiwa uDeukayoni; ngisho nangesikhathi eside ngaphambi kukaColumbus, abomdabu bezwekazi laseMelika babe nezindaba ezazigcine inkumbulo kazamcolo iphila. Izinganekwane eziphathelene nozamcolo ziye zadluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane kuze kube yilolu suku nase-Australia, eNdiya, ePolynesia, eTibet, eKašmir naseLithuania. Ingabe zonke ziyizinganekwane nezindaba nje? Ingabe zonke zenziwe? Kucatshangwa ukuthi zonke zichaza inhlekelele enkulu efanayo. (Werner Keller: Raamattu on oikeassa, p. 29)
Esinye isizathu izinsalela zezilwane zasolwandle nezitshalo eziqongweni zezintaba eziphakeme, kuhlanganise ne-Himalaya Mount Everest nezinye izintaba eziphakeme. Nazi ezinye izingcaphuno ezivela ezincwadini zososayensi uqobo ngale ndaba:
Ngesikhathi ehamba e-Beagle Darwin ngokwakhe wathola amagobolondo olwandle ahlala phansi phezulu ezintabeni zase-Andean. Kuyakhombisa ukuthi, lokhu okuyintaba manje kwake kwaba ngaphansi kwamanzi. (Jerry A. Coyne: Miksi evoluutio on totta [Kungani ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kuyiqiniso], p. 127)
Kunesizathu sokubhekisisa ubunjalo bangempela bamadwala ezingodini zezintaba. Ibonakala kahle kakhulu e-Alps, e-Alps ye-lime enyakatho, ebizwa ngokuthi i-Helvetian zone. I-Limestone yiyona nto eyinhloko yetshe. Uma sibheka idwala lapha emithambekeni ewumqansa noma esiqongweni sentaba - ukube besinamandla okukhuphukela lapho - sizogcina sithole izinsalela zezilwane, izinsalela zezilwane. Zivame ukonakala kakhulu kodwa kungenzeka ukuthola izingcezu ezibonakalayo. Zonke lezo zinsalela zingamagobolondo omcako noma amathambo ezidalwa zasolwandle. Phakathi kwazo kukhona ama-ammonite anemicu evunguzayo, futhi ikakhulukazi ama-clams anamagobolondo amaningi. (…) Umfundi angase azibuze manje ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukuthi ukhahlamba lwezintaba lubamba inhlabathi eningi kangaka, engatholakala futhi iminyene ekujuleni kolwandle. (ikhasi 236,237 "Muuttuva maa", Pentti Eskola)
U-Harutaka Sakai wase-Japan University e-Kyushu useneminyaka eminingi ecwaninga ngalezi zinsalela zasolwandle eziNtabeni ze-Himalaya. Yena neqembu lakhe babhale i-aquarium yonke kusukela esikhathini se-Mesozoic. Iminduze yasolwandle entekenteke, izihlobo zama-sea urchin kanye ne-starfishes, zitholakala ezindongeni zamadwala ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha amathathu ngaphezu kolwandle. Ama-Amoni, ama-belemnite, amakhorali namapulangwe atholakala njengezinsalela emadwaleni ezintaba (…) Ekuphakameni okungamakhilomitha amabili, izazi zokuma komhlaba zathola umkhondo owawushiywe ngasolwandle ngokwalo. Idwala layo elifana negagasi lihambisana namafomu ahlala esihlabathini asuka kumagagasi anamanzi aphansi. Ngisho naphezulu kwe-Everest, kutholakala imicu ephuzi ye-limestone, eyavela ngaphansi kwamanzi ezinsalela zezilwane zasolwandle ezingenakubalwa. ("Maapallo ihmeiden planetta", p. 55)
Singaphetha ngokuthini ngalokhu okungenhla? Akusizi ukukhuluma ngezigidi zeminyaka, ngoba izinsalela zama-dinosaur ngokwazo aziyifaki ubufakazi bento enjalo. Izicubu ezithambile, i-radiocarbon, i-DNA namangqamuzana egazi akuwo akhomba ngokucacile ezikhathini ezifushane kuphela. Kunalokho, lezi zilwane zafa ngokuyinhloko ngoZamcolo okukhulunywa ngawo eBhayibhelini, nakuba zazisaphila ngemva kwalesi senzakalo. Lokhu kufakazelwa ukuvezwa kwamadragoni phakathi kwabantu abaningi. Ezinye izibonelo eziningi zingavezwa kuleli phuzu, kodwa ngithemba ukuthi izibonelo zangaphambilini zibonisa ukuthi incazelo yeBhayibheli ngozamcolo ingumlando wangempela, kodwa izigidi zeminyaka ziwumcabango nje. Imibono yabantu abangakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu ngemvelaphi yendawo yonke kanye nokuqala kokuphila iyingxenye yomcabango ofanayo, njengoba kungekho izindikimba zasezulwini ezingavela ngokwazo, futhi ukuphila akunakuzivelela. Abukho nobodwa ubufakazi balokhu, obuvume ngisho nososayensi abambalwa abangakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu. Ngiye ngabhala ngalezi zindaba ezihlokweni zami ezimbalwa, futhi ziqukethe nemibono eqotho yososayensi abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu. Ngifisa sengathi wonke umuntu angabheka lezi zinto eduze. Mina ngokwami ngangingakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu owayekholelwa ezimfundisweni zokuthi uNkulunkulu akekho ngendalo nangezigidi zeminyaka. Manje sengizithatha njengezinganekwane, amanga nezinganekwane.
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Jesus is the way, the truth and the life
Grap to eternal life!
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Other Google Translate machine translations:
Izigidi zeminyaka / ama-dinosaurs /
ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwabantu? |
