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UbuKristu nesayensi

Ingabe ukholo lobuKristu luye lwaba isithiyo esayensini noma luye lwayikhuthaza? Funda ubufakazi!

Isihloko salesi sihloko ukholo lobuKristu nesayensi. Ukholo lobuKristu lube nathonya kanjani isayensi nokuthuthuka kwayo? Ingabe kuye kwaba isithiyo ekuthuthukisweni kwesayensi noma kuye kwayikhuthaza? Uma le ndaba ihlolisiswa kuphela ngemithombo yezindaba yezwe kanye nemibhalo yososayensi abangakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu, ngokuvamile baveza umbono ovamile wokungqubuzana phakathi kokholo nesayensi. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ukholo kuNkulunkulu nesayensi kuphambene nokuthi ukholo lobuKristu luye lwaba isithiyo ekuthuthukisweni kwesayensi. Kulo mbono, isayensi kufanele ibe namandla eGreece futhi iqhubekele phambili futhi lapho, ngesikhathi sokuKhanya, ihlukana nenkolo yesambulo futhi yaqala ukuthembela ekucabangeni nasekuboneni. Ukubaluleka kukaDarwin ikakhulukazi kubhekwa njengokubalulekile ekunqobeni kokugcina kombono wesayensi wezwe.

    Kodwa liyini iqiniso lendaba? Umnyombo wokholo lobuKristu akukaze kube isayensi nokwenza isayensi, kodwa ukholo ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu noJesu Kristu, okungaye wonke umuntu athethelelwe izono zakhe. Nokho, lokhu akusho ukuthi inkolo yobuKristu ayizange ibe nomthelela kwisayensi nasekuthuthukisweni komphakathi. Kunalokho, ukubaluleka kukaJesu nokholo lobuKristu kuye kwaba yisinqumo esibalulekile ekuzalweni nasekuthuthukeni kwesayensi. Lo mbono usekelwe emaphuzwini amaningana, esizodlula kuwo kokulandelayo. Siqala ngolimi nokufunda.

Ukufunda nokubhala: izichazamazwi, uhlelo lolimi, izinhlamvu zamagama. Okokuqala, ukuzalwa kwezilimi zezincwadi nokufunda. Wonke umuntu uyaqonda ukuthi uma isizwe singenalo olwaso ulimi lokubhala futhi abantu bengakwazi ukufunda, kuyisithiyo ekuthuthukisweni kwesayensi, ucwaningo, ukuzalwa kwezinto ezisunguliwe kanye nokusabalala kolwazi. Khona-ke azikho izincwadi, awukwazi ukuzifunda, nolwazi alusabalali. Umphakathi usalokhu umile.

   Khona-ke, ukholo lobuKristu lube nomthelela kanjani ekwakhiweni kwezilimi zokubhala nokufunda? Yilapho abacwaningi abaningi benendawo eyimpumputhe. Abazi ukuthi cishe zonke izilimi zokubhala zadalwa ngamaKristu athembekile. Ngokwesibonelo, lapha eFinland, uMikael Agricola, umshisekeli wenguquko yenkolo waseFinland noyise wezincwadi, wanyathelisa incwadi yokuqala ye-ABC neTestamente Elisha kanye nezingxenye zezinye izincwadi zeBhayibheli. Abantu bafunda ukuzifundela.

    EJalimane, uMartti Luther wenza into efanayo. Wahumushela iBhayibheli olimini lwesiJalimane ngolimi lwakhe lwesigodi. Kwenziwa amakhulukhulu ezinhlelo zenguqulo yakhe futhi ulimi lwesigodi olwasetshenziswa uLuther lwamiswa njengolimi lwemibhalo phakathi kwamaJalimane.

    Kuthiwani ngeNgilandi? UWilliam Tyndale, owahumushela iBhayibheli esiNgisini, waba nengxenye ebalulekile kulokho. Inguqulo kaTyndale yaba nomthelela ekusungulweni kolimi lwesiNgisi lwanamuhla. Ngokusekelwe enguqulweni kaTyndale, kamuva kwasungulwa inguqulo yeKing James, okuyinguqulo yeBhayibheli yesiNgisi edume kakhulu.

   Esinye isibonelo yizinhlamvu zezizwe zamaSlavic, ezibizwa ngokuthi izinhlamvu zesiCyrillic. Zaqanjwa ngoSt. Cyril, owayeyisithunywa sevangeli phakathi kwamaSlav futhi waphawula ukuthi zazingenazo izinhlamvu. UCyril wabenzela izinhlamvu zamagama ukuze bakwazi ukufunda iVangeli ngoJesu.

   Ngaphambi kokuba ikhono lokufunda lizalwe, kufanele kube khona ulimi olubhaliwe. Ngalo mqondo, izithunywa zevangeli ezingamaKristu ziye zafeza indima ebalulekile, hhayi emakhulwini eminyaka adlule kuphela emazweni aseNtshonalanga, kodwa nase-Afrika nase-Asia kamuva. Izithunywa zevangeli kungenzeka zenze iminyaka eminingi emsebenzini wokucwaninga ngezilimi. Bakha uhlelo lolimi lokuqala, izichazamazwi kanye nezinhlamvu zamagama.

   Omunye walabo kwakunguFrank Laubach, isithunywa sevangeli saseWeseli, owaqala umkhankaso womhlaba wonke wokufundisa ukufunda nokubhala. Ube nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwezincwadi ze-ABC ngezilimi ezingama-313. Uqokwe njengomphostoli wabangafundile.

    Lezi zibonelo ezilandelayo zibhekisela entweni efanayo, ukuthuthukiswa kwezilimi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi nezilimi ezifana nesiHindi, ulimi oluyinhloko lwaseNdiya, isi-Urdu sasePakistan, nesiBengali saseBangladesh zinesisekelo sazo sohlelo lolimi nesisekelo semishini yobuKristu. Amakhulu ezigidi zabantu akhuluma futhi asebenzise lezi zilimi.

UVishal Mangalwadi: Ngakhulela enhliziyweni yolimi lwesiHindu e-Allahabad, cishe amakhilomitha angama-80 ukusuka eKashi, lapho uTulsidas abhala khona iRamcharitmanasin , isiqephu senkolo esibaluleke kakhulu eNyakatho yeNdiya. Ngangihlale ngitshelwa ukuthi isi-Hindi sisuka kule ngoma emnandi. Kodwa lapho ngiyifunda, ngadideka, ngoba ngangingaqondi ngisho nelilodwa umushwana kuwo. “IsiHindi” sombhali sasihluke ngokuphelele kwesami futhi ngaqala ukuzibuza, ukuthi ulimi lwami lwebele - ulimi olusemthethweni lwaseNdiya - lwadabuka kuphi.

… Izazi zamaHindu nazo azizange zithuthukise ulimi lwesizwe lwaseNdiya, isiHindi. Kungenxa yabahumushi beBhayibheli abanjengoJohn Borthwick Gilchrist kanye nezazi zolimi eziyizithunywa zevangeli njengoMfundisi SHKellogg ukuthi ulimi lwamanje lwezincwadi zesiHindi lwavela olimini olwalusetshenziswa imbongi uTulsidas (c. 1532-1623).

... Abahumushi beBhayibheli nezithunywa zevangeli banikela ngaphezu kolimi lwami lwebele lwesiHindi. Zonke izilimi eziphilayo zaseNdiya ziyafakaza ngomsebenzi wazo. Ngo-2005, uDkt. Babu Verghese, umcwaningi wase-Mumbai kodwa oyisikhulumi somdabu wase-Malayalam, uthumele incwadi ye-doctoral enamakhasi angu-700 eNyuvesi yaseNagpur ukuze ibuyekezwe. Wabonisa ukuthi abahumushi beBhayibheli babhala izilimi zanamuhla ezingu-73 besebenzisa izilimi zesigodi ezikhulunywa amaNdiya amaningi angafundile. Lezi zihlanganisa izilimi zikazwelonke ezisemthethweni zase-India (Hindi), Pakistan (Urdu) kanye ne-Bangladesh (Bengali). Osolwazi abahlanu bakwaBramine bafunda incwadi kaVerghes yobudokotela base bemnika isihloko esithi Doctor of Philosophy ngo-2008. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, batusa ngazwi linye ukuthi, ngemva kokushicilelwa, le ncwadi yamukelwe njengencwadi eyisibopho yezifundo zolimi lwaseNdiya. (1)

Umsebenzi wezithunywa zevangeli zobuKristu ubulokhu ungowohlobo olubanzi lokusiza abantu, kangangokuthi uye wafinyelela ekusizeni abagulayo, abakhubazekile, abalambile, abangenamakhaya nababandlululwayo. Emazweni amaningi ase-Afrika, izimishini zobuKristu zakhe isisekelo salo lonke uhlelo lwesikole ngokwemfundo eyisisekelo neyomsebenzi wezandla. Ngokufanayo, le mishini ibe negalelo elikhulu ekwakhiweni kwenethiwekhi yokunakekelwa kwezempilo ... Umcwaningi owaziwayo wase-Afrika, uprofesa waseYunivesithi yaseYale uLamin Sanneh uthe e-Afrika, izithunywa zevangeli zenze inkonzo enkulu kakhulu emasikweni endawo ngokuthi. ukwakha isisekelo solimi olubhaliwe. (2)

Amaphrojekthi wokufunda nokubhala nezincwadi. Njengoba kushiwo, izilimi eziningi zithole isisekelo sazo sohlelo lolimi nemibhalo ethonyeni lenkolo yobuKristu. Abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu kanye nezifundazwe kwakungebona abaqalisi balokhu kuthuthukiswa, kodwa abameleli bokholo lobuKristu. Intuthuko yemiphakathi yayingabambezeleka amakhulu eminyaka ngaphandle kokukholwa kuNkulunkulu nakuJesu.

    Le ndawo ihlanganisa amaphrojekthi okufunda nokubhala eYurophu nakwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba. Ngazo, abantu bafunda ukufunda iBhayibheli nezinye izincwadi futhi bafunde izinto ezintsha. Uma ungafundile, kunzima ukufunda izinto ezintsha abanye ababhale ngazo.

    Lapho ukholo lobuKristu seluyinqobile insimu ngomsebenzi wezithunywa zevangeli, luye lwathuthukisa isimo sezenhlalo nesimo sezizwe eziningi. Izinto ezinjalo ziyisimo sezempilo esingcono, umnotho ongcono, isimo senhlalo esizinzile, ukuncipha kwenkohlakalo nokufa kwezingane kanye, yiqiniso, ukufunda nokubhala okungcono. Ukube ubungekho umsebenzi wezithunywa zevangeli nokholo lobuKristu, bekuyoba nokunye ukuhlupheka nobumpofu emhlabeni futhi abantu bebengeke bakwazi ukufunda. Phakathi kwabanye, uRobert Woodberry, umsizi kaprofesa eNyuvesi yaseTexas, uye waqaphela ukuxhumana phakathi komsebenzi wezithunywa zevangeli kanye nentando yeningi, isimo sabantu esithuthukisiwe nokufunda nokubhala:

Usosayensi: Umsebenzi wobufundisi wasusa intando yeningi

NgokukaRobert Woodberry, umsizi kaprofesa eNyuvesi yaseTexas, umthelela womsebenzi wobufundisi wamaProthestani ngeminyaka yawo-1800 kanye nasekuqaleni kwawo-1900 ekuthuthukisweni kwentando yeningi ube mkhulu kunalokho okwakucatshangwa ekuqaleni. Kunokuba zibe neqhaza elincane ekuthuthukisweni kwentando yeningi, izithunywa zevangeli zaba nengxenye enkulu kukho emazweni amaningi ase-Afrika nase-Asia. Umagazini iChristianity Today uyasitshela ngale ndaba.

URobert Woodberry uye wafunda ubudlelwano phakathi komsebenzi wezithunywa zevangeli kanye nezici ezithinta intando yeningi cishe iminyaka eyi-15. Ngokusho kwakhe, lapho izithunywa zevangeli zamaProthestani ziye zaba nethonya eliyinhloko. Lapho namuhla umnotho usuthuthuke kakhulu futhi isimo sezempilo singcono kakhulu kunezindawo, lapho ithonya lezithunywa zevangeli liye laba lincane noma lingekho. Ezindaweni ezinomlando wezithunywa zevangeli ovamile, izinga lokufa kwezingane liphansi njengamanje, kunenkohlakalo encane, ukufunda nokubhala kuvame kakhulu futhi ukungena emfundweni kulula, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane.

   NgokukaRobert Woodberry, kwakungamaKristu emvuselelo yamaProthestani ayenomphumela omuhle. Ngokuphambene, abefundisi ababeqashwe uhulumeni noma izithunywa zevangeli zamaKatolika ngaphambi kwawo-1960 azizange zibe nomthelela ofanayo. (3)

Esinye isibonelo esihle sendlela ukholo lobuKristu olube nomthelela ngayo ekufundeni nasekubhaleni ukuthi akuphelanga sikhathi ngabo-1900 lapho izincwadi zezwe zathola khona izincwadi zokomoya ezithengiswayo. IBhayibheli nezimfundiso zalo bekusesikhundleni esibalulekile amakhulu eminyaka, kwaze kwaba ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule lalahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwalo ngokwengeziwe emazweni aseNtshonalanga. Ingabe kumane kwaqondana ukuthi ekhulwini lama-20 elifanayo, lapho ukholo lobuKristu lushiywa, kwalwiwa izimpi ezinkulu kakhulu emlandweni?

    Esinye isibonelo iNgilandi, okwakuyizwe elithuthuke kakhulu emhlabeni ngekhulu le-18 nele-19. Kodwa yini eyabangela intuthuko enhle yaseNgilandi? Ngokuqinisekile esinye isici kwakuyizivuselelo ezingokomoya lapho abantu bephendukela kuNkulunkulu. Ziningi izinto ezinhle ezavela ngenxa yalokho, njengokufunda nokubhala, ukuqedwa kobugqila, nokuthuthukiswa kwezinga labampofu nezisebenzi.

   UJohn Wesley, owaziwa njengomshumayeli obaluleke kakhulu wenhlangano yamaWeseli futhi okwafika ngaye imvuselelo enkulu eNgilandi ekhulwini le-18 leminyaka, waba nethonya elikhulu kulentuthuko. Kuye kwathiwa ngomsebenzi wakhe iNgilandi yasinda ekuvukeleni okufanayo okwenzeka eFrance. Nokho, uWesley nozakwabo nabo baba nesandla ekutheni izincwadi zifinyeleleke kubantu abangamaNgisi. I- Encyclopedia Britannica ithi ngoWesley mayelana nalokhu ukuthi “akekho omunye ekhulwini le-18 owenza okuningi kangaka ukuze akhuthaze ukufundwa kwezincwadi ezinhle, futhi waletha izincwadi eziningi kangaka kubantu ngenani elishibhile kangaka”.

    ENgilandi, ngenxa yemvuselelo, umsebenzi kaSonto-sikole nawo wazalwa ngekhulu le-18. Cishe ngo-1830, cishe ingxenye yesine yezingane zaseNgilandi eziyizigidi ezingu-1,25 zaya kuSonto-sikole, lapho zafunda khona ukufunda nokubhala. INgilandi yaba umphakathi okwaziyo ukufunda nokubhala ofundiswa iZwi likaNkulunkulu; umbuso awuzange ube nomthelela kuyo.

    Kuthiwani nge-United States? Lesisho esilandelayo sibhekisela kulokhu. Yashiwo uJohn Dewey (1859-1952), yena ngokwakhe owathonya ngokunamandla ukuchithwa kwemfundo e-United States. Kodwa-ke, wachaza ukuthi ukholo lobuKristu lube nomphumela omuhle kanjani, isibonelo, ngemfundo ethandwayo kanye nokuqedwa kobugqila ezweni lakubo:

Laba bantu (amaKristu evangeli) bawumgogodla wokusiza umphakathi, umsebenzi wezombangazwe ohloselwe ukuguqula umphakathi, i-pacifism kanye nemfundo yomphakathi. Bahlanganisa futhi babonise umusa kulabo abacindezelekile kwezomnotho kanye nabanye abantu, ikakhulukazi lapho bebonisa ngisho nesithakazelo esincane kuhulumeni weRiphabhulikhi - - Le ngxenye yabantu iye yasabela kahle ezidingweni zokuphathwa ngendlela efanele kanye nokusatshalaliswa okulinganayo okulinganayo. amathuba ngombono wabo wokulingana. Yalandela ezinyathelweni zikaLincoln ekuqedweni kobugqila futhi yavumelana nemibono kaRoosevelt lapho elahla izinhlangano "ezimbi" kanye nokuqoqwa kwengcebo ezandleni zabambalwa. (4)

Amanyuvesi. Phambilini, kwashiwo ukuthi ukholo lobuKristu lube nomthelela kanjani ekwakhiweni kwezilimi ezibhaliwe nokufunda emakhulwini eminyaka adlule namanje. Isibonelo, emazweni ase-Afrika, isisekelo sohlelo lwesikole mayelana nemfundo eyisisekelo neyomsebenzi wezandla siye sazalwa ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yethonya lemishini yobuKristu, njengoba kunjalo nokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Ngaphandle kwethonya lenkolo yobuKristu, ukuthuthukiswa kwemiphakathi bekungabambezeleka amakhulu eminyaka.

   Indawo eyodwa amanyuvesi nezikole. Kanye nokufunda, zibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwesayensi, ucwaningo, ukuzalwa kwezinto ezisunguliwe kanye nokusabalalisa ulwazi. Ngazo, ulwazi nocwaningo luthuthukela kwelinye izinga.

   Ukholo lobuKristu lube nathonya kanjani kule ndawo? Imibuthano yabantu abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu nengakholelwa kuNkulunkulu ngokuvamile ayiqapheli ukuthi iBhayibheli kanye nokholo lobuKristu kunendima enkulu kule ndawo. Amakhulu amanyuvesi namashumi ezinkulungwane zezikole aqalwe amaKristu aqotho noma ngomsebenzi wezithunywa zevangeli. Abazalwanga ngesisekelo sokungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu, ngoba ayengekho amanyuvesi ezwe nangaphansi kukahulumeni. Isibonelo, amanyuvesi alandelayo aziwa kakhulu eNgilandi naseMelika:

- I-Oxford neCambridge. Womabili amadolobha anamasonto amaningi nama-chapel. La manyuvesi ekuqaleni asungulwa ukuze afundise iBhayibheli.

- I-Harvard. Le nyuvesi iqanjwe ngoMfundisi uJohn Harvard. Isiqubulo sayo sango-1692 sithi Veritas Christo et Ecclesiae (iqiniso likaKristu neBandla)

- IYunivesithi yaseYale yasungulwa ngowayengumfundi waseHarvard, umpristi wamaPuritan uCotton Mather.

- Umongameli wokuqala weNyuvesi yasePrinceton (ekuqaleni iKolishi laseNew Jersey) kwakunguJonathan Edwards, owaziwa ngemvuselelo enkulu eMelika ngekhulu le-18. Wayengumshumayeli odume kakhulu walemvuselelo, kanye noGeorge Whitefield.

- Inyuvesi yasePennsylvania. UGeorge Whitefield, omunye umholi we-Great Awakening, wasungula isikole esakhula kamuva saba yiNyuvesi yasePennsylvania. U-Whitefield wayeyindodana yomgcini wokushicilela kanye nozakwabo kaJohn Wesley okukhulunywe ngaye ngenhla ngenkathi eseNgilandi. Wayenezwi elihle ngokungavamile, elinomsindo futhi elinamandla, ukuze akwazi ukukhuluma ngokuzwakalayo emashumini ezinkulungwane zabantu emihlanganweni yangaphandle. Wayekwazi nokushumayela ehlengezela izinyembezi ngenxa yozwela uNkulunkulu ayemnike lona ngabantu

   Kuthiwani ngeNdiya? I-India ayaziwa ngobuKristu bayo. Nokho, kuleli zwe, njengase-Afrika, kunezinkulungwane zezikole eziye zazalwa ngesisekelo sokholo lobuKristu. Amanyuvesi okuqala e-India nawo azalwa ngesisekelo esifanayo. Amanyuvesi anjengenyuvesi yaseCalcutta, iMadras, iBombay neSerampore aziwa kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iNyuvesi yase-Allahabad, eyasungulwa ngo-1887, yaziwa kakhulu. ONdunankulu abahlanu kwabayisikhombisa baseNdiya baphuma kuleli dolobha, futhi abaphathi abaningi baseNdiya bafunde eNyuvesi yase-Allahabad.

Uguquko kwezesayensi. Lesi sihloko saqala ngombono ovunywe abantu abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu wokuthi ukholo lobuKristu lube isithiyo ekuthuthukisweni kwesayensi. Nokho, lo mbono kulula ukuwubuza, ngoba izilimi zokubhala, ukufunda nokubhala kanye namanyuvesi azalwa kakhulu ngenxa yethonya lenkolo yobuKristu.

    Kuthiwani ngalokho okuthiwa inguquko engokwesayensi? Kuvamise ukubanjwa emibuthanweni yabantu abangakholelwa ebukhoneni bezwe kanye nabangakholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona ukuthi lesi siphithiphithi asihlangene nokholo lobuKristu, kodwa lo mbono ungatshazwa. Ngoba ngomqondo wanamuhla, isayensi iqale kanye kuphela, okungukuthi, eYurophu yekhulu le-16-18, lapho inkolo yobuKrestu yayibusa khona. Akuzange kuqale emphakathini ongakholelwa kuNkulunkulu, kodwa ikakhulukazi emphakathini ogqugquzelwe ukholo lobuKristu. Cishe bonke ososayensi abavelele babekholelwa endalweni. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona uFrancis Bacon, uRobert Boyle, u-Isaac Newton, uJohannes Kepler, uCopernicus, uGalileo Galilei, uBlaise Pascal, uMichael Faraday, uJames Clerck Maxwell, uJohn Ray, uLouis Pasteur, njll. Babengebona abameleli boKukhanyiselwa kodwa benkolo yobuKristu.

Izizukulwane zezazi-mlando nezazi zezokuhlalisana kwabantu ziye zaphawula ukuthi amaKristu, ukholo lobuKristu, nezikhungo zobuKristu zaba nesandla ngezindlela eziningi ezihlukene ekuthuthukisweni kwezimfundiso, izindlela, nezinhlelo ezagcina zizala isayensi yemvelo yesimanje(...) Nakuba kunemibono ehlukene. yethonya layo cishe zonke izazi-mlando namuhla ziyavuma ukuthi ubuKristu (ubuKatolika nobuProthestani ngokufanayo) bakhuthaza ongqondongqondo abaningi benkathi yangaphambi kwesimanje ukuba bahlanganyele ekutadisheni okuhlelekile kwemvelo. Izazi-mlando ziye zaphawula nokuthi imiqondo ebolekwe ebuKristwini yangena engxoxweni yesayensi yaba nemiphumela emihle. Abanye ososayensi baze bathi umbono wendalo esebenza ngokwemithetho ethile uvela emfundisweni yenkolo yobuKristu. (5)

Yini eyabangela izinguquko zesayensi? Esinye isizathu kwakuwukuthi, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, amanyuvesi. Ngo-1500, cishe babengamashumi ayisithupha kubo eYurophu. Lawa manyuvesi kwakungewona amanyuvesi anakekelwa abantu abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu kanye nohulumeni, kodwa avela ngokusekelwa okusebenzayo kwesonto lenkathi ephakathi, futhi ucwaningo lwesayensi yemvelo kanye nesayensi yezinkanyezi kwadlala indima ebalulekile kuwo. Kuzona bekunenkululeko enkulu yocwaningo nezingxoxo, okwavunywa. Lamanyuvesi ayenamakhulu ezinkulungwane zabafundi, futhi asiza ekulungiseni isisekelo senguquko yesayensi eyayizokwenzeka eYurophu ngekhulu le-16-18. Lokhu kuguquguquka akuzange kuvele ngokuzumayo, kodwa kwandulelwa intuthuko enhle. Amanye amazwekazi ayengenayo imfundo ebanzi efanayo namanyuvesi afanayo naseYurophu,

INkathi Ephakathi yakha isisekelo sokufezwa okukhulu komphakathi waseNtshonalanga: isayensi yesimanje. Isimangalo esithi isayensi yayingekho ngaphambi kokuthi "I-Renaissance" ayilona iqiniso. Ngemva kokujwayelana nocwaningo lwasendulo lwamaGreki, izazi zeNkathi Ephakathi zakha izinhlelo zemibono, ezaholela isayensi kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nezikhathi zakudala. Amanyuvesi, lapho inkululeko yezemfundo yayivikelwe khona emandleni abaholi, asungulwa ngeminyaka yawo-1100s. Lezi zikhungo bezilokhu zinikeza indawo ephephile yocwaningo lwesayensi. Ngisho nemfundiso yenkolo yobuKristu yabonakala ifaneleka ngokukhethekile ukuze ikhuthaze ukucwaninga ngemvelo, okwakukholelwa ukuthi iyindalo kaNkulunkulu. (6)

Imithi nezibhedlela. Enye indawo inkolo yobuKrestu eye yaba nomthelela kuyo imithi kanye nokuzalwa kwezibhedlela. Ingxenye ebalulekile yayiyizindela, ezazilondoloza, zikopisha futhi zahumusha imibhalo yesandla yezokwelapha yasendulo kanye neminye imisebenzi yasendulo yasendulo neyesayensi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, baqhubeka nokuthuthukisa imithi. Ngaphandle kwemisebenzi yabo, imithi yayingeke ithuthuke ngezinga elifanayo, futhi imibhalo yakudala yasendulo yayingeke igcinwe ukuze izizukulwane zanamuhla zifundwe.

    Ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, umsebenzi wezenhlalakahle kanye nezinhlangano eziningi ezisiza abampofu (i-Red Cross, Save the Children...) nazo ziye zaqalwa abazibiza ngamaKristu, ngoba ukholo lobuKristu luhlale luhlanganisa ububele ngomakhelwane womuntu. Lokhu kusekelwe emfundisweni nasesibonelweni sikaJesu. Esikhundleni salokho, abantu abangakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu kanye nabangakholelwa kubuntu bavame ukuba yizibukeli kule ndawo. Intatheli yesiNgisi uMalcolm Muggeridge (1903-1990), naye owayengumuntu wezwe, kodwa nokho ethembekile, wakubona lokhu. Wanaka ukuthi umbono wezwe ulithinta kanjani isiko:“Sengichithe iminyaka ngiseNdiya nase-Afrika, futhi kukho kokubili ngiye ngahlangabezana nezenzo eziningi zokulunga ezigcinwa amaKristu angamalungu enkolo ehlukene; kodwa angikaze ngihlangane nesibhedlela noma ikhaya lezintandane elinakekelwa inhlangano yezenhlalakahle noma indawo yokulala abantu abanochoko. ukusebenza ngesisekelo sobuntu." (7)

   Izingcaphuno ezilandelayo ziqhubeka zibonisa indlela ukholo lobuKristu olube nomthelela ngayo ubuhlengikazi nezinye izindawo ngomsebenzi wobufundisi. Izibhedlela eziningi e-Afrika naseNdiya zazalwa ngemishini yobuKristu kanye nesifiso sokusiza. Ingxenye enkulu yezibhedlela zokuqala zaseYurophu nayo yavela ngaphansi kwethonya lokholo lobuKristu. UNkulunkulu angaphilisa umuntu ngokuqondile, kodwa abaningi bathole usizo ngemithi nezibhedlela. Ukholo lobuKristu lube nengxenye ebalulekile kulokho.

NgeNkathi Ephakathi abantu, abangabe-Order of Saint Benedict, babenakekela izibhedlela ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili eNtshonalanga Yurophu kuphela. ^{Ikhulu le} -12 lalibaluleke kakhulu kulokhu, ikakhulukazi lapho, lapho i-Order of Saint John yayisebenza khona. Ngokwesibonelo, iSibhedlela esikhulu sikaMoya oNgcwele sasungulwa ngo-1145 eMontpellier, ngokushesha saba isikhungo semfundo yezokwelapha kanye nesikhungo sezokwelapha saseMontpellier phakathi nonyaka ka-1221. Ngaphezu kokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, lezi zibhedlela zazihlinzeka ngokudla kwabalambile nabalambile. wanakekela abafelokazi nezintandane, futhi wayepha abaswele izipho. (8)

Nakuba ibandla lobuKristu belilokhu ligxekwa kakhulu kuwo wonke umlando walo, lisalokhu lihamba phambili kwezokwelashwa kwabampofu, lisiza abathunjwa, abangenamakhaya noma abafayo kanye nokuthuthukisa izindawo zokusebenza. ENdiya izibhedlela ezingcono kakhulu nezikhungo zemfundo ezixhumene nayo ziwumphumela womsebenzi wezithunywa zevangeli ezingamaKristu, ngisho nalelo zinga amaHindu amaningi asebenzisa lezi zibhedlela ngaphezu kwezibhedlela ezinakekelwa uhulumeni, ngoba azi ukuthi azothola ukunakekelwa okungcono. Lapho. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngesikhathi kuqala iMpi Yezwe Yesibili, abahlengikazi abangamaphesenti angama-90 eNdiya babengamaKrestu, futhi u-80% wabo wathola imfundo yabo ezibhedlela zemishini. (9)

Ebandleni izindaba zalokhu kuphila zazinakekelwa kakhulu njengoba zazinakekelwa izindaba zempilo yakusasa; kwakubonakala sengathi konke okwafezwa ama-Afrika, kwakuvela emsebenzini wezithunywa zevangeli webandla. (uNelson Mandela encwadini yempilo yakhe iLong Walk to Freedom)

Ingabe isonto labashushisa ososayensi? Njengoba kushiwo, ukholo lobuKristu lwaba nethonya elikhulu ekuzalweni kwenguquko yesayensi. Esinye sezizathu zalokhu amanyuvesi asungulwa isonto. Ngakho-ke inkolelo yokuthi abantu abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu bathanda ukuyihlakulela, okungukuthi ukholo lobuKristu lwalungaba isithiyo ekuthuthukisweni kwesayensi, iyinganekwane enkulu. Lokhu kuboniswa nawukuthi amazwe lapho ukholo lobuKristu luye lwaba nethonya elide kunawo wonke aye amavulandlela emkhakheni wesayensi nokucwaninga.

    Kuthiwani ngombono wokuthi isonto lalishushisa ososayensi? Imibuthano yabantu abangakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu ifuna ukulondoloza lo mqondo, kodwa abacwaningi bomlando abaningi bakubheka njengokuhlanekezelwa komlando. Lo mbono wokungqubuzana phakathi kokholo nesayensi usukela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, lapho ababhali ababesekela imfundiso kaDarwin, isb u-Andrew Dickson White noJohn William Draper, beyiveza ezincwadini zabo. Nokho, isb umcwaningi wenkathi ephakathi uJames Hannam uthe:

Ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, isonto alikaze liwusekele umbono womhlaba oyisicaba, alikaze liwunqabele ukuxilongwa kwezidumbu, futhi ngokuqinisekile alikaze lishise muntu esigxotsheni ngenxa yemibono yalo yesayensi. (10)

Umgxeki wase-Australia u-Tim O'Neill uthathe isinyathelo kulesi simangalo futhi ubonisa ukuthi bancane kangakanani abantu abazi ngomlando: "Akunzima ukukhahlela lo mkhuba, ikakhulukazi uma abantu abakhuluma ngawo abazi lutho ngomlando. Bavele bacosha le mibono eyinqaba kumawebhusayithi nasezincwadini ezithandwayo. Lezi zinsolo ziwela phansi uma zihlaselwa ubufakazi obungenakuphikiswa.Ngikuthola kumnandi ukuhlekisa ngabasakazi benkulumo-ze ngokuphelele ngokubacela ukuba basho oyedwa - oyedwa kuphela - usosayensi owashiswa esigxotsheni noma washushiswa noma wacindezelwa ngenxa yocwaningo lwakhe eNkathini Ephakathi.Angeke basho ngisho noyedwa ... Esikhathini lapho ngibala ososayensi beNkathi Ephakathi - u-Albertus Magnus, uRobert Grosseteste, uRoger Bacon, uJohn Peckham, uDuns Scotus, uThomas Bradwardine, uWalter Burley, uWilliam Heytesbury, uRichard Swineshead, uJohn Dumbleton, uRichard waseWallingford, Nicholas Oresme, Jean Buridan,kanye noNicolaus Cusanus-futhi ngiyabuza ukuthi kungani la madoda ngokuthula konke aqhubekisela phambili isayensi yeNkathi Ephakathi ngaphandle kokuba isonto libaphazamise, abaphikisi bami babevame ukunwaya amakhanda bemangele, bezibuza ukuthi yini engalungile ngempela. " (11)

   Kuthiwani ngoGalileo Galilei, owagumbuqela umfuziselo kaPtolemy ongumGreki ophakathi nendawo welanga elizungeza umhlaba? Kuyiqiniso ukuthi uPapa wenza okungalungile kuye, kodwa indaba iwukuhlanekezelwa kokusetshenziswa kwamandla, hhayi ukuphikisana nesayensi. (Yebo, opapa neSonto LamaKatolika baye banecala kwezinye izinto eziningi, njengeziMpi Zenkolo nokuQulwa Kwamacala Ezihlubuki. Nokho, kuyindaba yokulahla ngokuphelele ukholo lobuKristu noma ukungalandeli izimfundiso zikaJesu. Abaningi abakuqondi lokhu. umehluko.) Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi bobabili abameleli besayensi nokholo babehlukene phakathi esimweni sabo sengqondo ngombono kaGalileo. Abanye ososayensi babesohlangothini lwakhe, abanye bephikisa. Ngokufanayo, abanye abefundisi baphikisana nemibono yakhe, abanye bevikela. Lokhu kuhlale kunjalo uma kuvela amathiyori amasha.

   Kungani-ke uGalileo engazange athandeke kuPapa futhi wavalelwa endlini yakhe yokuhlala? Esinye isizathu kwakuwukuziphatha kukaGalileo. UPapa wayemkhonze kakhulu uGalileo, kodwa ukubhala kukaGalileo ngendlela engacunuli kwaba nomthelela ekwandeni kwesimo. U-Ari Turunen ubhale ngesizinda salolu daba:

Nakuba uGalileo Galilei ebhekwa njengomunye wabafel’ ukholo abakhulu besayensi, kumelwe kukhunjulwe ukuthi wayengeyena umuntu omnandi kakhulu. Wayezikhukhumeza futhi ecasuka kalula, ekhononda kakhulu futhi entula ukuqonda nesiphiwo sokuphatha abantu. Ngenxa yolimi lwakhe olubukhali namahlaya, akazange aswele izitha. Umsebenzi kaGalileo wesayensi yezinkanyezi usebenzisa ifomethi yengxoxo. Le ncwadi yethula umlingiswa ongahlakaniphe kangako ogama lakhe lingu-Simplicius, owethula uGalileo izingxabano eziwubulima kakhulu. Izitha zikaGalileo zakwazi ukukholisa uPapa ukuthi uGalileo wayeqonde uPapa ngomfanekiso wakhe weSimplicus. Kungemva kwalokhu kuphela lapho i-Urban VIII eyize nezwelayo yathatha isinyathelo ngokumelene noGalileo...

    ...Urbanus wayezibona engumgqugquzeli wenguquko futhi wavuma ukukhuluma noGalileo, kodwa isitayela sikaGalileo sasimningi kakhulu kuPapa. Ukuthi uGalilei wayesho uPapa onomfanekiso wakhe weSimplicus noma cha, ukukhetha kwegama kwakukubi ngendlela engenakulinganiswa. UGalilei wayengenandaba nezinto eziyisisekelo zokubhala ngempumelelo, okuhlanganisa nokuhlonipha umfundi. (12)

Futhi ingabe abantu abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu baye bashushisa ososayensi? Okungenani lokhu kwenzeka eSoviet Union engakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu, lapho ososayensi abaningana, njengezazi zofuzo, baboshwa futhi abanye babulawa ngenxa yemibono yabo yesayensi.

     Ngokunjalo, ososayensi abambalwa babulawa kuNguquko yaseFrance: usokhemisi u-Antoine Lavoisier, isazi sezinkanyezi uJean Sylvain Bally, isazi semineralogist uPhilippe-Frédéric de Dietrich, isazi sezinkanyezi uJean Baptiste Gaspard Bochart de Saron, isazi sezitshalo uChrétien Guillaume de Lamoignon de Malesherbes. Nokho, ababulawanga ngenxa yemibono yabo yesayensi, kodwa ngenxa yemibono yabo yezombangazwe. Nalapha futhi, kwakuyindaba yokusetshenziswa kabi kwamandla, okwaba nemiphumela ehluke ngokuphelele kunendlela uGalileo aphathwa ngayo.

Indlela yesayensi edukile: UDarwin wadukisa isayensi. Lesi sihloko saqala ngesimangalo esithandwa abantu abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu sokuthi ukholo lobuKristu lube isithiyo ekuthuthukisweni kwesayensi. Kwashiwo ukuthi asikho isisekelo kulesi simangalo, kodwa ukubaluleka kokholo lobuKristu kube yisinqumo sokuzalwa nenqubekela phambili yesayensi. Lo mbono usekelwe ezintweni eziningana njengokuzalwa kwezilimi zokubhala, ukufunda nokubhala, izikole namanyuvesi, ukuthuthukiswa kwezokwelapha nezibhedlela, kanye neqiniso lokuthi inguquko yesayensi yenzeka ngekhulu le-16-18 eYurophu, lapho inkolo yobuKrestu yayibusa khona. Lolu shintsho aluzange luqale emphakathini ongakholelwa kuNkulunkulu, kodwa ikakhulukazi emphakathini okhuthazwa ukholo lobuKristu.

   Uma ukholo lobuKristu lube yisici esihle ekuthuthukisweni kwesayensi, wavelaphi umqondo wokuphikisa isayensi nokholo lobuKristu? Esinye isizathu salokhu kwakunguCharles Darwin nemibono yakhe yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ekhulwini le-19. Le mbono, ehambisana nemvelo, iyimbangela eyinhloko yalesi sithombe. URichard Dawkins owaziwa kakhulu ongakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaDarwin naye uye wathi ngaphambi kwesikhathi sikaDarwin kwakuyoba nzima ngaye ukuba ongakholelwa kuNkulunkulu: “ Nakuba ukungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaDarwin kwakungase kubonakale kunengqondo ngaphambi kukaDarwin, kwakunguDarwin kuphela owabeka isisekelo sokungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu okuthethelelekayo. (13).

   Kodwa kodwa. Lapho ososayensi besayensi yemvelo behlonipha umsebenzi nemizamo kaDarwin, ngokwengxenye balungile, ngokwengxenye abalungile. Baqinisile ukuthi uDarwin wayeyisazi semvelo esicophelelayo esahlola imvelo ngokunembile, wafunda ngendaba yakhe futhi wazi ukubhala ngocwaningo lwakhe. Akekho noyedwa ofunde i-magnum opus yakhe ethi On the Origin of Species ongaphika lokho.

   Nokho, banephutha ekwamukeleni umbono kaDarwin wokuthi zonke izinhlobo zezilwane zitholakala engqamuzaneni elilodwa lokuqala (ithiyori yokuqala yengqamuzana ukuya kumuntu). Isizathu silula: UDarwin akakwazanga ukukhombisa noma yiziphi izibonelo zokushintsha kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo encwadini yakhe ethi On the Origin of Species, kodwa izibonelo kuphela zokuhlukahluka nokuzivumelanisa nezimo. Ziyizinto ezimbili ezahlukene. Ukushintshashintsha, njengobukhulu boqhwaku lwenyoni, ubukhulu bamaphiko, noma ukumelana kangcono kwamanye amagciwane, akufakazeli nakancane ukuthi zonke izinhlobo zamanje zavela engqamuzaneni elilodwa lokuqala. Amazwana alandelayo achaza kabanzi ngesihloko. UDarwin ngokwakhe kwadingeka avume ukuthi wayengenazo izibonelo zezinguquko zangempela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ngalo mqondo, kungashiwo ukuthi uDarwin wadukisa isayensi:

UDarwin: Empeleni ngikhathele ukutshela abantu ukuthi anginabo ubufakazi obuqondile bokuthi uhlobo oluthile luye lwashintsha lwaba olunye uhlobo lwezilwane nokuthi ngikholelwa ukuthi lo mbono ulungile ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi izenzakalo eziningi zingahlanganiswa futhi zichazwe ngokusekelwe kuso. (14)

I-Encyclopedia Britannica: Kumelwe kugcizelelwe ukuthi uDarwin akakaze athi uye wakwazi ukufakazela ukuziphendukela kwemvelo noma umsuka wezinto eziphilayo. Wathi uma ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kuye kwenzeka, amaqiniso amaningi angachazeki angachazwa. Ngakho ubufakazi obusekela ukuziphendukela kwemvelo abuqondile. 

"Kuyaxaka ukuthi incwadi edume ngokuchaza imvelaphi yezinto eziphilayo ayichazi nganoma iyiphi indlela." (UChristopher Booker, umlobi we-Times ebhekisela ku-Darwin's magnum opus, On the Origin of Species )   (15)

Ukube uDarwin wayefundise ngendlela yokuthi esikhundleni sesihlahla esisodwa somndeni (umbono wokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ocabanga ukuthi izinhlobo zokuphila zamanje zavela engqamuzaneni elilodwa lokuqala), bekuyoba namakhulu ezihlahla zomndeni, nokuthi umuthi ngamunye unamagatsha. kanye nokuhlukaniswa kabili, wayezoba seduze neqiniso. Ukuhlukahluka kuyenzeka, njengoba kwafakazela uDarwin, kodwa kuphela phakathi kwezinhlobo eziyisisekelo. Okubonwayo kufanelana kangcono nemodeli yokudala kunemodeli lapho izinhlobo zempilo zamanje zisuka kuseli elilodwa lokuqala, okungukuthi ifomu elilodwa lesiqu:

Singaqagela kuphela ngezisusa eziholele ekutheni ososayensi bamukele umqondo kakhokho oyedwa ngokungagxeki. Ukunqoba kwemfundiso kaDarwin ngokungangabazeki kwakhulisa isithunzi sososayensi, futhi umqondo wenqubo ezenzakalelayo uvumelana kahle nomoya wezikhathi kangangokuthi lenkolelo-mbono yaze yathola ukusekela okumangalisayo kubaholi benkolo. Kunoma yikuphi, ososayensi bayamukela le nkolelo-mbono ngaphambi kokuba ihlolwe ngokuqinile, base besebenzisa igunya labo ukuze bakholise umphakathi jikelele ukuthi izinqubo zemvelo zazanele ukukhiqiza umuntu ebhaktheriya kanye ne-bacterium exutshwe namakhemikhali. Isayensi yokuziphendukela kwemvelo yaqala ukufuna ubufakazi obusekelayo futhi yaqala ukuvela nezincazelo ezingabuqeda ubufakazi obungebuhle. (16)

Umlando wezinsalela zasendulo nawo uyawuphikisa umbono kaDarwin. Sekuyisikhathi eside kwaziwa ukuthi akukho ukuthuthukiswa kancane kancane okungabonakala emivubukulweni, nakuba imfundiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo idinga ukuvela kwezinzwa, izitho kanye nezinhlobo ezintsha zezilwane ngalokhu. Ngokwesibonelo, uSteven M. Stanley uthe: “Asikho nesisodwa isibonelo endabeni eyaziwayo yezinsalela zezinto eziphilayo lapho kukhula isici esisha esibalulekile sesakhiwo sezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo (17)

    Ukuntuleka kokuthuthuka kancane kancane kuye kwavunywa izazi eziningana eziphambili ze-paleontology. Izinsalela zamathambo noma izinhlobo zesimanje azibonisi izibonelo zokuthuthuka kancane kancane okudingwa inkolelo-mbono kaDarwin. Ngezansi kukhona ukuphawula okuvela kubamele iminyuziyamu yomlando wemvelo. Iminyuziyamu yomlando wemvelo kufanele ibe nobufakazi obungcono kakhulu bokuziphendukela kwemvelo, kodwa ayinabo. Okokuqala, ukuphawula kukaStephen Jay Gould, mhlawumbe isazi sesayensi yezinto eziphilayo esidume kakhulu ngesikhathi sethu (American Museum). Unqabile ukuthuthukiswa kancane kancane kwezinsalela:

UStephen Jay Gould: Angifuni nganoma iyiphi indlela ukubukela phansi amandla anamandla ombono wokuziphendukela kwemvelo kancane kancane. Ngifuna ukuphawula kuphela ukuthi akukaze 'kubonwe' emadwaleni.  (Isithupha sikaPanda, 1988, ikhasi 182,183).

UDkt. Etheridge, umnakekeli odume umhlaba wonke weBritish Museum:  Kuwo wonke umnyuziyamu, akukho ngisho nento encane kakhulu engafakazela umsuka wezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezivela kumafomu amaphakathi. Inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ayisekelwe kulokho okuphawulwe nasemaqinisweni. Ngokuphathelene nokukhuluma ngeminyaka yohlanga lwesintu, isimo siyafana. Lesi sigcinamagugu sigcwele ubufakazi obubonisa ukuthi le mibono ayinangqondo kangakanani. (18)

Azikho izikhulu ezikumamnyuziyamu amakhulu amahlanu e-paleontological esingaveza ngisho nesibonelo esisodwa esilula sento ephilayo engabhekwa njengobufakazi bokuguquguquka kancane kancane kohlobo oluthile kuya kolunye. (Isifinyezo sikaDkt. Luther Sunderland encwadini yakhe ethi  Darwin’s enigma . Waxoxa nabameleli abaningi bezinyuziyamu zomlando wemvelo balencwadi futhi wababhalela ehlose ukuthola ukuthi hlobo luni lobufakazi ababenabo ukuze bafakazele ukuziphendukela kwemvelo. [19])

Isitatimende esilandelayo siyaqhubeka ngesihloko esifanayo. UDkt Colin Patterson ongasekho wayeyisazi esiphezulu se-paleontologist kanye nochwepheshe bemivubukulo eBritish Museum (Umlando Wendalo). Wabhala incwadi ekhuluma ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo - kodwa lapho othile embuza ukuthi kungani incwadi yakhe ingenazo izithombe zezinhlobo ezimaphakathi (izinto eziphilayo ezishintshayo), wabhala le mpendulo elandelayo. Empendulweni yakhe, ubhekisela kuStephen J. Gould, mhlawumbe isazi sesayensi yezinto eziphilayo esidume kakhulu emhlabeni (kwengezwe ngesibindi):

Ngivumelana ngokuphelele nombono wakho mayelana nokushoda kwemifanekiso encwadini yami ephathelene nezinto eziphilayo ezisesigabeni senguquko. Ukube bengiqaphela noma iyiphi into enjalo, izinsalela zamathambo noma ukuphila, ngabe ngizifake ngokuzithandela encwadini yami . Uphakamisa ukuthi ngisebenzise umdwebi ukudweba amafomu anjalo amaphakathi kodwa ubeyoluthathaphi ulwazi lwemidwebo yakhe? Uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, bengingeke ngikwazi ukumnika lolu lwazi, futhi uma ngingayishiya le ndaba kumculi, bekungeke yini kumenze aphambuke?

   Ngabhala umbhalo wencwadi yami eminyakeni emine edlule [encwadini utshela ukuthi ukholelwa kwezinye izinhlobo ezimaphakathi]. Uma bengingayibhala manje, ngicabanga ukuthi le ncwadi ibizohluka kakhulu. I-Gradualism (ukushintsha kancane kancane) umqondo engikholelwa kuwo. Hhayi nje ngenxa yodumo lukaDarwin kodwa ngenxa yokuthi ukuqonda kwami ​​ufuzo kubonakala kukudinga. Nokho, kunzima ukuphikisa [uchwepheshe odumile wezinsalela ezimbiwa phansi uStephen J.] Gould nabanye abantu basemnyuziyamu waseMelika lapho bethi azikho izinhlobo eziphakathi nendawo . Njengesazi sesayensi yezinto eziphilayo, ngisebenza kakhulu nezinkinga zefilosofi lapho ngiqaphela izinhlobo zasendulo zezinto eziphilayo ezivela entweni yezinsalela. Uthi kufanele futhi okungenani 'ngilethe isithombe sensalela, okwavela kuyo iqembu elithile lezinto eziphilayo.' Ngikhuluma ngokuqondile – ayikho imivubukulo engaba ubufakazi obungangeni manzi . (20)

Singaphetha ngokuthini ngalokhu okungenhla? Singamhlonipha uDarwin njengesazi semvelo esihle, kodwa akufanele samukele ukucabanga kwakhe mayelana nefa lezinhlobo zezilwane ezivela engqamuzaneni eyodwa yokuqala. Ubufakazi bufaneleka ngokwengeziwe endalweni kangangokuthi uNkulunkulu walungisa konke ngokushesha. Ukuhlukahluka kuyenzeka, futhi izinhlobo zezilwane zingashintshwa ngezinga elithile ngokuzalanisa, kodwa konke lokhu kunemingcele ezofinyelelwa maduzane.

    Isiphetho siwukuthi uDarwin waduka isayensi, futhi ososayensi abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu bamlandela. Kunengqondo ngokwengeziwe ukuncika embonweni ongokomlando wokuthi uNkulunkulu wadala yonke into ukuze ingaziveleli ngokwayo. Lo mbono usekelwa nawukuthi ososayensi abalazi ikhambi lendlela ukuphila okungazivelela ngayo. Lokhu kuyaqondakala ngoba kuyinto engenakwenzeka. Ukuphila kuphela okungadala ukuphila, futhi akukho okuhlukile kulo mthetho okutholakele. Ezinhlotsheni zempilo zokuqala, lokhu kubhekiselwa kuNkulunkulu ngokucacile:

- ( Gen 1:1 ) Ekuqaleni uNkulunkulu wadala izulu nomhlaba.

- ( Roma 1:19,20 ) Ngoba lokho okwaziwayo ngoNkulunkulu kusobala kubo; ngoba uNkulunkulu ubabonisile.

20 Ngokuba okungabonwayo kwakhe, amandla akhe aphakade nobuNkulunkulu bakhe kubonakala kwasekudalweni kwezwe, kuqondwa ngokwenziwayo; ukuze bangabi lezaba .

- ( IsAm 4:11 ) Uyakufanelekela, O Nkosi, ukwamukela inkazimulo nodumo namandla, ngoba wadala zonke izinto, nangokwentando yakho zikhona futhi zadalwa .

Jesus is the way, the truth and the life

Grap to eternal life!

Other Google Translate machine translations:

Izigidi zeminyaka / ama-dinosaurs / ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwabantu?
Ukubhujiswa kwama-dinosaurs
Isayensi ekukhohlisweni: imibono engakholelwa kuNkulunkulu yemvelaphi kanye nezigidi zeminyaka
Ahlala nini ama-dinosaurs?

Umlando WeBhayibheli
UZamcolo

Inkolo yobuKristu: isayensi, amalungelo abantu
UbuKristu nesayensi
Inkolo yobuKristu namalungelo abantu

Izinkolo zaseMpumalanga / Inkathi Entsha
Buddha, Buddhism noma uJesu?
Ingabe ukuphindukuzalwa kuyiqiniso?

Islam
Izambulo kanye nempilo kaMuhammad
Ukukhonza Izithixo e-Islam naseMecca
Ingabe iKoran inokwethenjelwa?

Imibuzo yesimilo
Khululeka ebungqingilini
Umshado ongakhethi hlangothi
Ukukhipha isisu kuyisenzo sobugebengu
I-Euthanasia nezimpawu zezikhathi

Insindiso
Ungasindiswa