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I-Euthanasia nezimpawu zezikhathi
Funda ukuthi i-euthanasia isho ukuthini, yiziphi izinto eziye zasetshenziselwa ukukuthethelela, nokuthi ukukwamukela kuholela kuphi
Lesi sihloko sikhuluma nge-euthanasia, noma ukufa komusa, okusho ukufa kwesiguli esikubheka njengokubalulekile ukuphila kwaso noma abanye. Yindaba kwesinye isikhathi iphinde ivuke lapho abanye abantu bethi kumele ibe semthethweni. Isisusa singase sibe ukuyeka ukuhlupheka, izizathu ezingokwezimali, noma ukulondoloza isithunzi ekufeni. Imigomo ebalulekile kule ndawo ihlanganisa:
I-euthanasia yokuzithandela isho ukubulawa komuntu ngesicelo sakhe. Kufaniswa nokuzibulala ngokusizwa.
I-non-voluntary euthanasia isho ukubulala umuntu ngenkolelo yokuthi kungcono ukuthi afe. Abanye abantu benza lokho ngoba isisulu asikwazi ukuveza umbono wabo.
I-euthanasia ezenzakalelayo ukubulawa komuntu ngaphandle kwentando yakhe.
I-euthanasia esebenzayo isho ukubulawa komuntu ngesenzo, njengokusebenzisa ushevu obulalayo.
I-Passive euthanasia isho ukusheshisa ukufa ngokuyeka ukwelashwa noma ukuvimbela ukutholakala kwemisoco namanzi. Ngokokuziphatha akukude ne-euthanasia esebenzayo, njengoba zombili zihloselwe ukuphela ngokufa.
Kodwa indlela yokubhekana nalesi sihloko esibucayi, esithinta imibuzo ejulile yokuphila: injongo yokuphila komuntu, ukuhlupheka nomakhelwane? Lezi yizindaba ezibhekwa ngezansi. Inhloso iwukuqala ukuxoxa ngezimpikiswano ezivame kakhulu, eziye zasetshenziselwa ukuvikela i-euthanasia.
Kuyini ukuphila okunenjongo ? Esinye sezizathu zokuthi umuntu abulawe wukugula kube ukuthi uma umuntu ekhubazeke kakhulu noma egula, kuyamvimbela ukuba aphile impilo ehloniphekile nenenjongo. Kucatshangwa ukuthi izinga lakhe lempilo ngeke libe ngendlela yokuthi anganeliseka futhi ajabule. Nokho, umbuzo obalulekile uwukuthi ubani ochaza izinga lokuphila komuntu? Isibonelo, abantu abaningi abakhubazekile kusukela bezalwa (isb. I-Down's syndrome) bangajabula futhi baneliseke ezimpilweni zabo. Bangaletha injabulo endaweni ezizungezile, nakuba ukuphila kwabo kungase kulinganiselwe kunokwabanye. Akulungile ukusho ukuthi abaphili ukuphila okunenjongo. Uma silinganisa ukubaluleka kwethu kuphela ngokusebenza kahle, khona-ke siyakhohlwa isintu. Kuthiwani ngamaphilisi ezinhlungu nosizo lwezokwelapha lwekhwalithi yempilo? Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi impikiswano ye-euthanasia ivele ezikhathini zanamuhla, lapho izimo zokukhulula ubuhlungu zingcono kunanini ngaphambili. Manje kulula ukukhulula ubuhlungu obungokomzimba ngokusebenzisa imithi. Abaningi abaye balimala ezingozini noma abake babuzwa ubuhlungu bangazisebenzisa ukuze baphile ukuphila okwanelisayo. Ngokuvamile, inkinga akubona ubuhlungu, kodwa ukucindezeleka, okwenza umuntu afune ukufa. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi ululame ekucindezelekeni, futhi ubuhlungu bungabuye bususwe ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu ngokusebenzisa i-anesthesia. Wonke umuntu angaba nezinkathi zokucindezeleka nobuhlungu bomzimba ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe. Abanye futhi bangasho ukuthi babonga kakhulu ngokunikezwa isikhathi esengeziwe sokuphila ngosizo lwemishini yokuphefumula namashubhu (isithasiselo sanyanga zonke esivela ku-Helsingin Sanomat, 1992/7 - isihloko esithi “Eläköön elämä” [Hurrah life]) - abalandeli abaningi ye-euthanasia ibheka ukwehlisa isithunzi nokungafaneleki esithunzini somuntu. Ngakho-ke, akulungile ukukhulumela bonke abantu, ukuthi isifo esithile noma ukukhubazeka kuyisithiyo izinga lempilo yabo. Abantu abafanayo kungenzeka ukuthi kamuva sebeluleme ngokugcwele noma baphaphama ekukhomeni okujulile ngemva kwezinyanga. Amacala anjalo ayaziwa.
Okuxakayo ukuthi, umphakathi ubeka abantu abaphilile ngokomzimba nabahlakaniphile phezulu ezingeni lempilo, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngezinye izikhathi yibo abangajabule kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umphakathi ubheka izinga lempilo yabantu abampofu liphansi, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi bangaba yibo abaneliseka kakhulu. (1)
Ukugxekwa okubalulekile ngokumelene nokwelashwa kungabhekwa njengokuvame ukutshela ngesimo sengqondo somuntu ofanele futhi onempilo ekwelapheni ukugula okubi kakhulu. Kuyaziwa ukuthi imibono yabantu iyashintsha ngalolu daba. Umuntu ophile kahle akakhethi izinto ezifana nezomuntu ogulayo. Njengoba isikhathi sokuphila sincipha, ukuphila ngokuvamile kuzizwa kuyigugu kakhulu. Udokotela onomdlavuza ugcizelele uzakwabo ukuthi azijove ngomjovo obulalayo njengoba lesi sifo sibhebhetheka. Khona-ke, lapho umdlavuza uba mkhulu, isiguli sesaba futhi sasingathembi kangangokuthi senqaba ngisho nomjovo wokudambisa izinhlungu. Nokho, iziguli eziningi ezikhubazeke kakhulu zikhetha ukuphila kunokufa. Ngemuva kwengozi, munye kuphela we-tetraplegics (quadriplegics) owasindiswa umshini wokuphefumula owayefisa ukuvunyelwa ukuba afe. Iziguli ezimbili bezingaqiniseki, kepha eziyi-18 zafisa ukuphinde zisizwa ngemishini yesikhashana uma kunesidingo. (2) (3)
Abantu abakhubazekile nabangakhubazekile emphakathini wethu abasakudingi ukuqiniswa kwesithunzi sobuntu esidalelwe abadayisi bamanga nabakhangisi bokuncintisana, ezemidlalo, ezempilo, ezobuhle, ukuphila okulula - nokufa okulula. .. Baphinde bazame ukusitshela ukuthi injabulo nokuhlupheka akukwazi ukungena kumuntu oyedwa nasekufeni okufanayo noma ukufa ngesikhathi esifanayo. Kuyaphikiswa kithina ukuthi umuntu okhubazekile ungumuntu okhubazekile kuphela kanti futhi akaphilile futhi engumuntu nokunye okuningi. Isikhali esibaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni ukucabanga kwalabo abaphethe futhi umbono wokuthi ukungabi nasizo nokuncika kuyizinto ezingezinhle kuphela. Kanjalo nesikhali esiyingozi sikhuluma ngempilo ehloniphekile - labo abaphethe bathi ikhona into enjalo bese beyichaza ukuthi iyini. Namuhla, Ummeleli kanye nomdidiyeli wokucabanga okujwayelekile ngu-Jorma Palo lapho ebhala ngokuhlaziswa njengobunzima kakhulu ukuhlupheka okuhlobene nokukhubazeka. Ukuthotshiswa kufika kubantu abaningi ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene esikhathini esithile ekuphileni kwabo. Siyazi ukuthi ihlazo lingazanywa ukubaleka futhi liphike noma liziphindiselele, kodwa abambalwa kakhulu kithi abaqaphelayo ukuthi lingabhekana ubuso nobuso futhi ngaphandle kokubaleka. Asinaso isithombe esingatholakala engqondweni uma kudingekile, indlela yokukhula phakathi kokululazeka futhi uthole okuthile okusha nokubalulekile. Yebo, kuyinto ehluke ngokuphelele ukuthi akulungile ukululaza omunye umuntu. Ngokubona kwami, izenzo zikaPalo sezisondele kakhulu ekuthobiseni abantu abakhubazeke kakhulu. Nokho, ukuphila ngokwako kuyalulaza, ngokungafani nomuntu owenza okubi. Ngisho nomuntu okhubazekile onakekelwayo uzizwa ehluke kakhulu kuye ngokuthi lowo omnakekelayo uhlobene kanjani naye. (4)
Esinye isibonelo sibonisa indlela abantu abangase bacabange ngayo okuphambene lapho benempilo kunasesimeni lapho belahlekelwe amandla abo okusebenza. Abaningi abane-quadriplegic babefuna ukuphila. Ikaningi akuzona izifo ezithinta isifiso sokuphila, kodwa ukucindezeleka. Ngisho nabantu abaphile kahle ngokomzimba bangaphathwa ukucindezeleka.
Kokunye ukuhlola, intsha ephile saka yabuzwa ukuthi ingathanda yini ukuvuselelwa ngosizo lwabagula kakhulu uma ingase ingakwazi ukuhamba unomphela engozini. Cishe bonke baphendula ngokuthi bangamane bafe. Lapho intsha engu-60 ene-quadriplegia, eyayikhubazeke kungazelelwe, kuxoxwa nayo, munye kuphela kubo owathi kwakungafanele avuswe. Ababili abakwazanga ukuphendula, kodwa bonke abanye babefuna ukuphila. Babethole ukuphila okunenjongo ngisho nalapho bekhubazekile. (5)
Umnotho. I-Euthanasia nayo ilungisiwe ngezizathu zezomnotho. Enye impikiswano eyinhloko esetshenziselwa ukusekela ukubulawa kwesiguli. Impikiswano efanayo nayo yasetshenziswa amaNazi enkulumweni yawo. Nokho, kunesizathu sokungabaza izibalo eziphathelene nokwelashwa nezinye izindleko. Ukonga izindleko akuphelele kukho konke:
Njengenhlalayenza, ababalisi bayasicupha, behlome ngamabomu befuna ukuphungula izindleko. Yebo, beziyofezwa uma wonke umuntu enezincwadi zokunakekela kuphela, uma ukunakekelwa kwabagulela ukufa bekuhlelwe ngokuphumelelayo, futhi uma “kungenasidingo” (sizobuya ukuze sicabangele incazelo yalelo gama maduze) ukwelashwa kuyekwa. Ngo-February 1994, u-Emanuel no-Emanuel be-Harvard Medical School banyathelisa ukubukezwa okuphelele kwezihloko ezibhalwe ngalesi sihloko emhlabeni wonke futhi baphetha ngokuthi: “Ayikho imali eyongiwa umuntu ekupheleni kokuphila - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ihlobene nezincwadi zefa zokwelashwa, ukunakekelwa kwabagulela ukufa noma ukuqedwa kokwelashwa. ukunakekelwa okungadingekile - zinquma. Konke kukhomba ohlangothini olufanayo: ukonga ezinyathelweni zokwelapha ezihlobene nokuphela kokuphila akubalulekile. Inani okungenzeka lilondolozwe ngokunciphisa ulaka, Izinqubo ezisekela ukuphila kweziguli ezishonayo cishe zingu-3.3% wezindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo sezizonke.” Kuningi kakhulu okonga ekufeni; kusukela endleleni yokuziphatha eqinile ye-utilitarian kuya ezinkingeni ezinzima, ze-bioethical ezikhona njengamanje engxoxweni yokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Okungenani kule ndawo eyodwa ebucayi, manje sesiyakhubeka ezinyaweni zethu. (6)
Ngakho-ke izibalo zokwelashwa nezinye izindleko zingangabazeka. Nakuba, kuyiqiniso ukuthi kunezindleko zokwelashwa ngendlela yamaholo, njll., imali efanayo izophindela emphakathini. Izisebenzi zasesibhedlela zikhokha izintela, zithenga ukudla kanye nempahla (konke okuhlanganisa nentela eyengeziwe) njengabanye abantu. Okunye okungenziwa wukubadiliza bese ukhokha izinzuzo zokungasebenzi, kodwa ingabe lokho kunengqondo? Kungaholela ekwandeni kokuntuleka kwemisebenzi futhi kuzomisa umnotho. Sekukonke kungaba yisixazululo esincishwe amathuba. Ukuqashwa kunganyuswa ngokuqasha abasebenzi abengeziwe emkhakheni wezokunakekelwa kwempilo, lapho abasebenzi abaningi bamanje besebenza ngokweqile. Uma zonke ezinye izintela zabakhokhi bentela e-Finland, isb, (abasebenzi abayizigidi ezi-2, imali engenayo eyisilinganiso sama-euro angu-35 000) ingakhushulwa ngamaphesenti angu-0,5 futhi izosetshenziselwa ukuqasha abasebenzi abengeziwe, izokwandisa ukuqashwa nge-ca. 7000 abantu (ayikho imali yesikweletu okufanele isetshenziselwe ukuqasha). Le mali izobe isibuyela ekusakazweni nasemphakathini ngendlela yezintela nezinye izinkokhelo. Edolobheni elifana ne-Helsinki (izakhamuzi ezingu-500 000) kungasho ukuthi ca. 700 abasebenzi abasha, futhi endaweni efana Lahti (100 000 izakhamuzi) 140 abasebenzi abasha, ngokulandelana. Uma intela ye-payroll inyuswe ngo-0,25 %, kuyosho uhhafu walezi zinombolo. Lezi zisebenzi eziningi ezingena emkhakheni wokunakekelwa kwezempilo zingenza ukusebenza kube mnandi kakhulu futhi zinikeze ithuba lokunikeza ukunakekelwa kobuntu okwengeziwe kwabadala nabagulayo. Kuye kwaqashelwa ukuthi abantu abaningi bazimisele ukukhokha izintela ezengeziwe ukuze balondoloze izinsizakalo ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
Umlando nemithi. Ukuqonda umlando wezokwelapha emazweni aseNtshonalanga kuveza ukuthi iye yathonywa kakhulu iSifungo sikaHippocratic, amasiko akhiwe ngokuzungezile, kanye nengqondo eqotho evela ekuqondeni kobuKristu ngesintu. Lezo zici zibe nethonya ngendlela eyenza abantu bazise ukuphila komuntu kusukela ekuqaleni, okungukuthi kusukela ekukhulelweni kwakhe. Izimiso ezibaluleke kakhulu ziye zahlanganisa ukusindisa izimpilo zabantu kanye nokunciphisa ubuhlungu ngendlela engcono kakhulu. Le ndlela isobala encwadini yeNhlangano Yezokwelapha yaseFinland ebizwa ngokuthi Lääkärin etiikka [Izimiso Zokuziphatha Kadokotela], egcizelela ukuthi isiguli akufanele nanini sishiywe ngaphandle kokwelashwa:
Izinqubo zokwandisa ukuphila zingayekwa lapho ukufa kulindelekile nakanjani futhi isiguli singenakuphulukiswa. Lokhu kuye kwabizwa ngokuthi usizo oluvamile lokufa, kodwa kuwumbuzo womsebenzi kadokotela ovamile, lapho kufanele kwenziwe izinqumo njalo ukuze kukhethwe indlela yokwelapha efanelekile yesiguli. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-euthanasia esebenzayo, okungukuthi ukufa okusheshayo, kungase kube ukwenza ngokuvumelana nesicelo sesiguli lapho sifuna ukubulawa. Isimo sengqondo esivamile sodokotela ngokusizwa ngokufa eFinland siyanyanyeka. Izimiso zokuziphatha zikadokotela azikwamukeli ukusetshenziswa kwamakhono ezokwelapha ukubulala umuntu ngamabomu. I-Criminal Code ibeka isijeziso esinzima sokubulala umuntu, ngisho noma senziwa ngokwesicelo sakhe. Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi wonke umqondo we-euthanasia kufanele ulahlwe, ngoba unikeza kuphela umbono wokuthi udokotela ubangela ukufa kwesiguli esikhundleni sesifo. Kunezifo ezingalapheki, kodwa isiguli asikaze sishiywe ngaphandle kokwelashwa. (7)
Sinjani isimo namuhla? Imibuthano eminingi yefilosofi ifuna ukucekela phansi isiko elihle neliphephile eliye latholakala kwezokwelapha phakathi namashumi eminyaka. Isinyathelo sokuqala esibheke kulesi siqondiso kwaba ukufuna ukugunyazwa kokuhushula isisu. Yayingafunwa yimibuthano yezokwelapha, kodwa abalandeli besiko lokuzicabangela bona lokuzijabulisa. Babecabanga ukuthi kulungile ukubulala ingane uma kwenzeka isendleleni yezinhlelo zabazali. Kulezi zinsuku, cishe zonke izisu zikhishwa ngenxa yezizathu zomphakathi, hhayi ngoba impilo kamama ingaba sengozini. Isibonelo, eNdiya naseShayina izingane zamantombazane zibulawa ngokuhushulwa kwezisu, emazweni aseNtshonalanga kubulawa abesilisa nabesifazane.(ENdiya kunabesifazane abangu-914 kuphela kwabesilisa abayi-1000. Njengoba kungenzeka ukuhlola ubulili bombungu kusenesikhathi, kuye kwaholela ekukhishweni kwezisu kwezigidi zamantombazane angakazalwa.) Ithini indlela entsha? Kungenzeka ukuthi ukwamukela ukubulawa kwengane esibelethweni sikanina kuyophumela ekubeni okufanayo kwamukelwe ngaphandle kwesibeletho. Kucatshangwa ngokunengqondo ukuthi uma ukubulawa kwengane esiswini kuyafaneleka, kungani kufanele kube nomehluko ekwenzeni ngaphandle kwesibeletho. Kwamanye amazwe kakade kuye kwaba nezingxoxo zokuqeda ukuphila kwezingane ezisanda kuzalwa ezikhubazeke kakhulu, iziguli zokuqunjelwa, nabantu abakhubazeke kakhulu. Izimpikiswano ezifanayo ezazisetshenziselwa ukuvikela ukukhishwa kwezisu zisetshenziselwa ukusekela ukubulawa kwesiguli. Njengoba ingxoxo iqhubeka, kungenzeka ukuthi imingcele iya ngokuya ibe mincane ngokwalokho okuhlanganisa ukuphila okunenjongo. Imibuthano yefilosofi ithatha intuthuko kanye nengxoxo ibheke lapho ukubaluleka okuphelele kwempilo yomuntu kulahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwayo kakhulu.(E-Holland, lapho lo mkhuba usuqhutshekwe khona kakhulu, abantu abadala abangaphezu kwengxenye yeshumi bathi besaba ukuthi odokotela babo bazobabulala bengafuni. [8] Izinkulungwane ziphethe ikhadi emaphaketheni azo lapho elisho ukuthi abakwenzi. bafuna ukubulawa ngokungafuni kwabo uma belaliswa esibhedlela.) U-Albert Schweitzer wathi:
Lapho umuntu elahlekelwa inhlonipho nganoma iyiphi indlela yokuphila, ulahlekelwa inhlonipho ngokuphila kukonke. (9)
Intuthuko yesimanje ayikona ukucabanga okusha noma kwesimanje. Uma sibuyela eJalimane ngawo-1920 nawo-1930, isimo esifanayo sasikhona lapho ngisho nangaphambi kokuba amaNazi abuse. UHitler akazange adale le ndlela yokucabanga, kodwa yavela etafuleni lezazi zefilosofi. Isici esibalulekile ikakhulukazi kwakuyincwadi eyanyatheliswa udokotela wengqondo u-Alfred Hoche kanye nejaji uKarl Bilding ekuqaleni kwawo-1920, eyayikhuluma ngabantu abangenamsebenzi walutho nokuphila okungafanelekile ukuphila. Lokho kanye nenkulumo-ze yamaNazi kwavula indlela yokuba abantu bamukele umbono wokuphila okuphansi. Konke kwaqala kusukela ekuqaleni. Amathrendi anjengemfundiso yenkolo yenkululeko nokuziphendukela kwemvelo nawo athonywa kakhulu ngemuva. Babesekelwa kakhulu eJalimane ekuqaleni kwawo-1900.
Kwaba sobala kubantu abacwaninga ngobugebengu bempi ukuthi lokhu kubulala okusabalele kuqale ekuguqukeni okuncane kwesimo sengqondo. Ekuqaleni indlela yodokotela yaba noshintsho oluncane. Umbono wokuthi ukuphila akufanelekile wamukelwa. Ekuqaleni lokhu kwakuthinta kuphela abantu abagula okungapheli. Kancane kancane, ububanzi babantu, ababebhekwa njengabangabulala, banwebeka bafinyelela kwabangenanzuzo emphakathini, labo ababenemibono ehlukene, ababecwasa ngokwebala futhi ekugcineni kubo bonke abangewona amaJalimane. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lesi sitimela somcabango saqala ekushintsheni okuncane kwesimo sengqondo kwabagula ngokungenathemba, okwakucatshangwa ukuthi ngeke basalungiswa. Ngakho-ke, ushintsho oluncane olunjalo esimweni sengqondo sikadokotela kufanele luhlolwe. (10) Intuthuko yenzeka kanjani? Lapho kube nezinguquko emphakathini endaweni yokuziphatha - ukwamukela ukukhipha isisu, ubudlelwano bobulili obukhululekile, njll. - izinguquko zivame ukulandela iphethini efanayo. Iphethini efanayo iye yaphindwa izikhathi eziningana futhi yaholela ekushintsheni kwesimo sengqondo sabantu. Kulo modeli, izinyathelo ezibaluleke kakhulu yizici ezilandelayo:
1 . Abantu abambalwa abanomsindo bamemezela ukuziphatha okusha, benqaba ukuziphatha okuye kwabhekwa njengokulungile amashumi eminyaka. Lokhu kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kwawo-1960, lapho kumenyezelwa umqondo wobudlelwane bobulili obukhululekile nokukhishwa kwezisu. Ngokufanayo, ubungqingili, obabubhekwa njengokuhlanekezela okuthile futhi okwakucatshangwa ukuthi bubangelwa izimo, bubhekwa kahle namuhla. I-Euthanasia yinto eyodwa efanayo kule ngxoxo:
Ngangingekho ezweni lakithi iminyaka emithathu, unyaka ka-1965 kuya ku-1968. Lapho ngibuya ekwindla ka-1968, ngamangala kakhulu ushintsho olwenzeka esimweni sezingxoxo zasobala. Lokhu kuthinta kokubili ithoni yengxoxo kanye nohlaka lwemibuzo. (...) Ezweni labafundi, labo ababefuna ukuthethelelwa kobudlelwane bobulili yibo ababefutha ama-trombone abo phezulu. Ngokwesibonelo, baphikelela ngokuthi abafana namantombazane kufanele bavunyelwe bahlale ndawonye ezindlini zokulala zasenyuvesi nakuba bengashadile. Kwakubonakala sengathi i-Teen League ithathwe abaholi abasha abangamemezelanga nje kuphela i-socialism nentando yeningi ezikoleni, kodwa nomqondo wobudlelwane bobulili obukhululekile. Sekukonke, okwakukusha ukuthi kwakwakhiwa amaqembu okubhekisela kuwo ayekhuluma ngokukhululekile ngezindaba zobulili kunalokho okwakuvame ukwenziwa emphakathini, esola umphakathi kanye neBandla ngokusebenzisa izindinganiso ezimbaxambili. (11)
2. Abezindaba banikeza isikhala kubameleli bokuziphatha okusha, bebabheka njengohlobo oluthile lwamaqhawe:
Imibhangqwana ehlala ngokuhlalisana ngokungemthetho kwaxoxwa nayo esidlangalaleni njengamaqhawe athile okuziphatha okusha alokotha amelane nokuziphatha komphakathi wonxiwankulu. Ngokufanayo, kwaxoxwa nabo abathandana nobulili obufanayo futhi kwabizelwa ukuhushulwa kwezisu mahhala (12)
3. I-Gallup polls iqinisekisa ushintsho endleleni. Njengoba abantu abaningi ngokwengeziwe bephendukela ekusekeleni umkhuba omusha, kuthinta abanye abafunda lezi zokuvota.
4. Isigaba sesine yilapho abashayamthetho beqinisekisa umkhuba omusha, bewubheka njengolungile, nakuba into efanayo ibithathwa njengengalungile eminyakeni yonke. UWilliam Booth, umsunguli weSalvation Army, wabikezela ukuthi lokhu kwakuzokwenzeka ngaphambi nje kokubuya kukaJesu. Kwakuyovela izishaya-mthetho ezingamhloniphi nakancane uNkulunkulu nemithetho yakhe. Kunzima ukuphika ukuthi intuthuko ihambe ngale ndlela.
1. “Khona-ke kuyoba khona ezombangazwe ngaphandle kukaNkulunkulu... Kuzofika usuku lapho isimiso sombuso esisemthethweni salo lonke izwe laseNtshonalanga siyoba ngendlela yokuthi kungabibikho muntu kunoma yiliphi izinga elibusayo oyobe esasaba uNkulunkulu... isizukulwane esisha sabaholi bezombangazwe. iyobusa iYurophu, isizukulwane esingeke sisamesaba ngisho nakancane uNkulunkulu;
Ukubulala. Lapho kuvikela i-euthanasia, amagama amahle anjengothando, ukufa okunesithunzi, ukufa okusizayo, ukufa okulula, ukufa okuhle noma ukuzikhulula ekuphileni okungafaneleki ukuphila kungase kusetshenziswe kaningi. Isilulumagama esifanayo sisetshenziswa njengoba amaNazi ayesetshenziswa enkulumweni yawo ngeminyaka yawo-1930. Kodwa-ke amacala adlule awokubulala umuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho kukhulunywa ngokufa okuhle noma okunesithunzi, empeleni okushiwo ukuphila. Ukuphila ezikhathini zokugcina kungaba kuhle noma kubi, kodwa ukufa ngokwako kuwumkhawulo wawo wonke umuntu futhi kwenzeka ngokuphazima kweso. Ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa kolimi kubalulekile, futhi yilokhu lesi sicaphuno esilandelayo esibhekisela kukho. Izinkulumo eziyindilinga zisenza sizwelane kalula kunamagama aqondile.
Ngo-2004, i-British Euthanasia Association yashintsha igama layo laba yi-Dignity in Dying. Ngesikhathi sokubhala, iwebhusayithi yabo igweme ngokucophelela amagama aqondile njengokuthi "i-euthanasia", "ukuzibulala" noma "ukubulawa kwesihe". Esikhundleni salokho, imisho engacacile njengokuthi "ukufa okunesithunzi nokuhlupheka okuncane ngangokunokwenzeka", "ikhono lokukhetha nokulawula indlela esifa ngayo", "ukusiza ukufa" kanye "nesinqumo sokuqeda ukuhlupheka osekungabekezeleleki" esikhundleni salokho kwasetshenziswa. Akuwona wonke umuntu oqinisekayo ngale ndlela. Omunye umhlaziyi we-Daily Telegraph uthe: "Kusho okuthile lapho inhlangano kufanele izibhekise kuyona ngegama elijikelezayo. I-Euthanasia Society manje ihlela ukuzibiza ngokuthi Isithunzi Ekufeni. Ubani phakathi kwethu ongeke afune ukufa ngesithunzi? Akunzima ukukusho lokho? bakholelwa ukuthi abagqugquzeli be-euthanasia (ngempela!) bayesaba ukusho ngokuqondile ukuthi yini ngempela abashayelayo, okungukuthi ukubulala abantu. " (13) Omunye umhlengikazi wasegunjini labagulela ukufa wasabela encazelweni yokusiza ukuzibulala ngegama elithi “ukusiza ukufa”: “Ababelethisi bayasiza ekubelethweni, futhi abahlengikazi abanakekela abagulayo basiza ngokunakekelwa okukhethekile. Ukusiza akufani nokubulawa. thina esihlinzeka ngokunakekelwa okuhle kokuphela kwempilo.Kuyinkohliso lapho ukubulala kuhlanjululwa khona ukuze kwamukeleke emphakathini jikelele.Kusho ukuthi umuntu angafa enesithunzi kuphela uma ebulewe." (14) (15)
Eqinisweni, ku-euthanasia kungumbuzo wokubulala noma ukuzibulala. Akunaki ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi siyizidalwa zaphakade, ukuthi sizokwahlulelwa ngezenzo zethu, nokuthi ababulali bayolahlwa ngaphandle kombuso kaNkulunkulu. Abanye bangase baphikisane nalokhu, kodwa bangakufakazela kanjani ukuthi amavesi alandelayo ale ndaba awalona iqiniso? Kufanele zithathwe ngokungathí sina futhi zingabukelwa phansi:
- (Marku 7:21-23) Ngoba ngaphakathi, enhliziyweni yabantu, kuphuma imicabango emibi, ukuphinga, ubufebe, ukubulala, 22 ubusela, ukufisa, ububi, inkohliso, ukuxhwala, ilihlo elibi, inhlamba, ukuzigqaja, ubuthutha; 23 Zonke lezi zinto ezimbi ziphuma ngaphakathi, zimngcolise umuntu.
- ( 1 Thim 1:9 ) sisazi lokhu ukuthi umthetho awumiselwe olungileyo, kepha ongenamthetho, nabangalaleliyo, abangamesabi uNkulunkulu, nezoni, nabangangcwele, nabangcolile, nababulali oyise, nababulali omama, ngababulali.
- ( 1 Johane 3:15 ) Lowo ozonda umzalwane wakhe ungumbulali, futhi niyazi ukuthi akekho umbulali onokuphila okuphakade okuhlezi kuye.
- ( IsAmbulo 21:8 ) Kodwa amagwala, nabangakholwayo, nabanengekayo, nababulali, nezifebe, nabathakathi, nabakhonza izithombe, nabo bonke abaqamba amanga, isabelo sabo siyakuba sechibini elivutha umlilo nesibabule. ukufa kwesibili.
- ( IsAmbulo 22:15 ) Ngaphandle kukhona izinja, nabathakathi, nezifebe, nababulali, nabakhonza izithombe, nanoma ubani othanda nawenza amanga.
Lapho akufanele ukwelapha ? Uma kuziwa ekunakekelweni kwabafayo kanye nezikhathi zokugcina, kuyafaneleka ukuthuthukisa ukunakekelwa kwabagulela ukufa. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuyavunywa. Izinyathelo kufanele zithathwe ukuze zonke isiguli zithole ukunakekelwa okuhle nokomuntu ngamunye endaweni ephephile, nalapho ubuhlungu baso buyehliswa khona. Kungenzeka ukufeza lokhu ngosizo lwemithi yesimanje futhi uma kukhona abasebenzi abahlengikazi abanele futhi banezisusa ezifanele. Lokhu kube wumkhuba nomgomo ojwayelekile amashumi eminyaka, isb kubuhlengikazi besiFinnish, kanye nakwamanye amazwe amaningi. Kuthiwani ngesimo lapho kusobala ukuthi umuntu useyafa futhi lingekho ithemba lokuthi uzolulama? (Ngokuvamile, inqubo yokufa ithatha amahora ambalwa kuya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Ukufa kuye kwaqala lapho umuntu eba buthaka ngokushesha futhi lingekho ithemba lokuthi uzolulama.) Kulesi simo, kungathethelelwa ngokuqinisekile ukumisa ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo, ngoba ayizuzisi noma ingaba yingozi. Akuyona i-euthanasia, kodwa ukuqedwa kokwelashwa okungenamsebenzi. Kuhle ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwalezi zinto ezimbili. Nokho, nakulezi zimo, ukunakekelwa kungathathwa ukuze kudambise izimpawu.
Nokho, kufika isikhathi empilweni yesiguli ngasinye lapho ukusetshenziswa komuthi wokwelapha kungadala umonakalo omkhulu kunokuzuzisa esigulini. Kulesi simo, ukunika amandla ukufa okuhle nokungenabuhlungu ngosizo lokunakekelwa kwe-hospice kuwumphumela omuhle wokwelashwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwelashwa okungadingekile nokwandisa ukufa, kuyiphutha elikhulu lezokwelapha. Uma kuyekwa ukwelashwa okungadingekile, akuwona umbuzo wokuthi udokotela wenza imisebenzi kaNkulunkulu. Ukumisa ukwelashwa esimweni esinjalo akusona isimanga njengokugwema ukuqala ukwelashwa okungadingekile. Njengokulindelekile, lezi zinqumo kufanele kuxoxwe ngazo eqenjini lokwelapha, futhi izizathu zokuyeka ukwelashwa nokuyeka ukuvuswa kufanele zicaciswe kubo bonke abahilelekile. (16)
UJoni Eareckson Tada uyachaza kabanzi (17):
Ukushona kukababa kwafundisa umndeni wami ukubheka ukuhlakanipha. Sasifisa ukusiza ubaba wethu ukuba aphile kuze kube sekupheleni futhi amyeke afe, lapho isikhathi sifika. Ukunikeza abalambile ukudla kanye namanzi kwabawomile kuyizisekelo zesintu. Nakuba kwakusobala ukuthi ubaba wayesesondele ekufeni, sasifuna ukumenza akhululeke ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukuhlakanipha kukaNkulunkulu kuhlanganisa ububele nesihawu. Ukunakekela omakhelwane kungomunye wemiyalo ephelele eBhayibhelini. Nokho, odokotela batshela umndeni wami ukuthi kwezinye izimo ukuphakela nokunikeza isiguli amanzi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwenziwa ngomlomo noma ngamashubhu, akusizi futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, kubuhlungu esigulini. U-Rita Marker ovela ekomitini elisebenzayo lamazwe ngamazwe lokulwa nokubulawa kwesiguli uthi:
Uma isiguli sisondele kakhulu ekufeni, singaba sesimweni sokuthi uketshezi lwandise ukungaphatheki kahle kwaso, ngoba umzimba waso awusakwazi ukuzisebenzisa. Ukudla akugayi futhi, lapho umzimba womuntu uqala “ukuvala” lapho inqubo yokufa isiqalile. Kufike isikhashana lapho kungathiwa umuntu uyafa ngempela. (18)
Umphakathi okahle. Lapho kuhloswe ukuba kube nomphakathi okahle, kuvame ukubekwa ukubaluleka okukhulu ezindabeni zezezimali. Zigcizelelwa kakhulu futhi ukubaluleka kwazo akunakubukelwa phansi. Uma umnotho ungena esimweni esibi, ungathunaza ukuhleleka komphakathi wonke. Lokho kuye kwenzeka izikhathi eziningana kuwo wonke umlando. Nokho, isici esibaluleke kakhulu ekufinyeleleni umphakathi okahle isimo sengqondo sangaphakathi sabantu: ingabe bayakhathalelana noma ingabe inhliziyo yabo igcwele ubugovu, inzondo nokuntula uthando? Phela izinkinga ezinkulu emphakathini akuzona izimali, kodwa zibangelwa isimo sengqondo esingalungile ngomakhelwane bethu: abampofu, abagulayo, asebekhulile, abokufika, abakhubazekile, njll. Izinga lomphakathi lingalinganiswa ngendlela ophatha ngayo. lawa kanye namanye amaqembu. Emphakathini okahle, bonke abantu bayabhekwa futhi baziswa kuye ngesizinda sabo, kodwa ukuhamba ngenye indlela kwenza abantu bazizwe bengakhululekile. Umphakathi ungahamba noma ngayiphi indlela, kuye ngokuthi yiziphi izindlela zokucabanga ezigcwalisa izingqondo zabantu. Ake sibheke amavesi ambalwa ngale ndaba. Babhekana nobulungisa kanye nesimo sengqondo esifanele ngomakhelwane womuntu. Uma lesi seluleko silandelwa kabanzi, sizokwandisa inhlalakahle yomphakathi jikelele. Ukulandela eminye imiyalo kuholela endleleni efanayo ( Marku 10:19, 20 : “Uyayazi imiyalo, Ungafebi , Ungabulali, Ungebi, Ungafakazi amanga, Ungadlelezeli, Hlonipha uyihlo nonyoko. Waphendula, wathi kuye: “Mfundisi, konke lokhu ngikugcinile kwasebusheni bami.
Isimo sengqondo ngomakhelwane
( Mathewu 22:35-40 ) Khona-ke omunye wabo, isazi somthetho, wambuza umbuzo emlinga, wathi: 36 Mfundisi, imuphi umyalo omkhulu emthethweni na? 37 UJesu wathi kuye: Woyithanda iNkosi uNkulunkulu wakho ngayo yonke inhliziyo yakho, nangawo wonke umphefumulo wakho, nangayo yonke ingqondo yakho. 38 Lona ngumyalo wokuqala nomkhulu. 39 Owesibili ofana nawo uthi: Wothanda umakhelwane wakho njengalokhu uzithanda wena. 40 Kuleyo miyalo emibili kubambelela umthetho wonke nabaprofethi.
- ( Gal 6:2 ) Thwalisanani imithwalo yenu, kanjalo nigcwalise umthetho kaKristu.
Abampofu
- ( Marku 14:6, 7 ) UJesu wathi: “ Myekeni ; umhluphelani? usebenzele umsebenzi omuhle kimi. 7 Ngokuba abampofu ninabo njalo, futhi noma nini lapho sukuba nithanda, ningabenzela okuhle, kepha mina aninami njalo.
- ( 1 Johane 3:17 ) Kodwa noma ubani onempahla yaleli zwe, futhi ebona umfowabo eswele, amvalele ububele bakhe kuye, uthando lukaNkulunkulu luhlala kanjani kuye?
( Jakobe 2:1-4, 8, 9 ) Bazalwane bami, ukukholwa kwenu yiNkosi yethu yenkazimulo uJesu Kristu makungabi nokubandlulula abantu. 2 Ngokuba uma kungena ebandleni lenu indoda ephethe indandatho yegolide, ingubo enhle, kungena nompofu ogqoke izingubo ezingcolile; 3 nimhlonipha owembethe ingubo ewubukhazikhazi, nithi kuye: Hlala lapha kahle; futhi nithi kwabampofu: Yima wena lapho, noma uhlale lapha phansi kwesenabelo sezinyawo zami; 4 Ngakho-ke anibandlululi yini, naze naba ngabahluleli bemicabango emibi na? 8 Uma nigcina umthetho wobukhosi ngokombhalo othi: Wothanda umakhelwane wakho njengalokhu uzithanda wena, nenza kahle; 9 Kepha uma nikhetha abantu, nenza isono, nilahlwa ngumthetho njengabaweqi.
Ubulungiswa
- ( Dut 16:19 ) Aniyikuphendukezela isahlulelo; ningakhethi ubuso bamuntu, ningamukeli isipho, ngokuba isipho siphuphuthekisa amehlo ohlakaniphileyo, siphendukezela amazwi abalungileyo.
- ( IzAga 17:15 ) Othethelela omubi, nolahla olungileyo , bayisinengiso kuJehova bobabili.
- ( Isaya 61:8 ) Ngoba mina Jehova ngithanda ukwahlulela, ngizonda ukuphanga kanye nomnikelo wokushiswa; + futhi ngizoqondisa umsebenzi wabo ngeqiniso, futhi ngiyokwenza isivumelwano esiphakade nabo.
Abezizwe
- ( Lev 19:33,34 ) Uma umfokazi egogobele kini ezweni lakini, aniyikumhlupha; 34 Kepha umfokazi ogogobeleyo kini uyakuba kini njengowokuzalwa phakathi kwenu, umthande njengalokhu uzithanda wena; ngokuba naningabafokazi ezweni laseGibithe; nginguJehova uNkulunkulu wenu.
- ( Jer 7:4-7 ) Ningathembeli emazwini amanga, athi, ‘ Ithempeli likaJehova, ithempeli likaJehova, ithempeli likaJehova, yilawa. 5 Ngokuba uma nilungisa nokulungisa izindlela zenu nezenzo zenu; uma nehlulela nokwahlulela phakathi komuntu nomakhelwane wakhe; 6 Uma ningacindezeli umfokazi, nentandane, nomfelokazi, ningachithi igazi elingenacala kule ndawo, ningalandeli abanye onkulunkulu kube ukukulimaza; 7 Ngiyakunenza nihlale kule ndawo, ezweni engalinika oyihlo, kuze kube phakade naphakade.
Abadala
- ( Lev 19:32 ) “Wosukuma phambi kwempunga, uhloniphe ubuso bexhegu, umesabe uNkulunkulu wakho; nginguJehova.
REFERENCES:
1. Joni Eareckson Tada: Oikeus elää, oikeus kuolla (When is it Right to Die?), p. 65 2. Gardner B P et al., Ventilation or dignified death for patients with high tetraplegia. BMJ, 1985, 291: 1620-22 3. Pekka Reinikainen, Päivi Räsänen, Reino Pöyhiä: Eutanasia – vastaus kärsimyksen ongelmaan? p. 91 4. Pekka Reinikainen, Päivi Räsänen, Reino Pöyhiä: Eutanasia – vastaus kärsimyksen ongelmaan? p. 126,127 5. Päivi Räsänen: Kutsuttu elämään, p. 106 6. Bernard Nathanson: Antakaa minun elää (The Hand of God), p. 130 7. Lääkärin etiikka, 1992, p. 41-42 8. Richard Miniter, ”The Dutch Way of Death”, Opinion Journal (huhtikuu 28, 2001) 9. Marja Rantanen, Olavi Ronkainen: Äänetön huuto, p. 7 10. Pekka Reinikainen, Päivi Räsänen, Reino Pöyhiä: Eutanasia – vastaus kärsimyksen ongelmaan? p. 38,39 11. Matti Joensuu: Avoliitto, avioliitto ja perhe, p. 12-14 12. Matti Joensuu: Avoliitto, avioliitto ja perhe, p. 12-14 13. http://telegraph.co.uk/comment/telegraph-view/3622559/Euthanasias-euphemism.html 14. Quote from article: Finlay, I.G. et.al., Palliative Medicine, 19:444-453 15. John Wyatt: Elämän & kuoleman kysymyksiä (Matters of Life and Death), p. 204,205 16. Pekka Reinikainen, Päivi Räsänen, Reino Pöyhiä: Eutanasia – vastaus kärsimyksen ongelmaan? p. 92 17. Joni Eareckson Tada: Oikeus elää, oikeus kuolla (When is it Right to Die?), p. 151,152 18. Rita L. Marker: New Covenant, January 1991
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Jesus is the way, the truth and the life
Grap to eternal life!
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Other Google Translate machine translations:
Izigidi zeminyaka / ama-dinosaurs /
ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwabantu? |
